Zhongshan Park

Zhongshan Park, opened in 1928, is one of the most famous artificial parks in southern China. Surrounded by rivers, the park is known as Jiuqu bridge, Zhongshan memorial archway and rockery. There are also Zhanhong bridge, Bibo bridge, Yudai bridge, Huaiyin bridge, dingshui bridge, Qixian Pavilion, Haoran Pavilion, Shengzhi Pavilion and other scenic spots in the park, as well as playground, children's palace, Guanhua palace and zoo Shi.

Zhongshan Park

Zhongshan Park is located in the center of Beijing, south of the Forbidden City (Forbidden City) and west of Tiananmen Gate, separated from the Forbidden City. Covering an area of 230000 square meters, it is a memorial classical temple garden.

It used to be the altar of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Together with the Taimiao (now the Cultural Palace of the working people), it was built according to the ritual system of "zuozu YouSHE" since the Zhou Dynasty.

Dr. Sun Yat Sen died in 1925, and a coffin was laid in the hall of worship (today's Zhongshan Hall) in the garden to hold a public sacrifice. In memory of this great pioneer of democratic revolution, it was renamed Zhongshan Park in 1928.

In 1988, Zhongshan Park was approved by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit. In 2000, it was rated as the capital civilized unit. In 2002, it was awarded the first batch of excellent parks in Beijing. In 2011, it was rated as national AAAA tourist attraction.

On May 6, 2019, the first Beijing Peony Culture Festival will open in Yanqing. From now on to May 30, citizens can enjoy the beauty of the country in six parks including Zhongshan Park.

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Development history

Zhongshan Park was originally the Xingguo temple in Liao and Jin Dynasties, and was renamed Wanshou Xingguo temple in Yuan Dynasty.

In 1421 (the 19th year of Yongle), when Zhu Di, Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, built the palace in Beijing, it was rebuilt into the altar of the country according to the system of "zuozu YouSHE". This is the place where the Ming and Qing emperors offered sacrifices to the God of land and the God of grain.

In 1913, the government of the Republic of China took over the Social altar and began to collect donations.

In 1914, under the leadership of Zhu Qiqian, the interior chief of the Beiyang government, sheji altar was opened to the public as a park, initially known as the Central Park. It was the first public garden in Beijing at that time and one of the earliest royal gardens in Beijing.

On October 10, 1914, sheji altar was opened to ordinary people. Before the opening of the park, a large area of renovation was carried out in a short time. The main gate facing Chang'an Street was opened, the wall of Dongtan gate was chiseled, and the style of Yueliang gate was built.

After 1915, he Tang, Dieshi and other buildings were added to the garden, and the halberd gate of sheji altar was changed into a palace. In 1925, Dr. Sun Yat Sen's coffin was placed in the hall of worship in the garden.

Dr. Sun Yat Sen died in 1925, and a coffin was laid in the hall of worship (today's Zhongshan Hall) in the garden to hold a public sacrifice.

In 1928, Dr. Sun Yat Sen left his body here after his death. In memory of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, he Qigong, then the special mayor of Peiping under Feng Yuxiang, and other patriots renamed Zhongshan Park. After it was established as the Central Park, in addition to the preservation of the altar of the state, it has successively built such landscapes as the pine and cypress Pavilion, the maxim Pavilion, and the Huifang garden. It has also moved the Xili Pavilion, the Orchid Pavilion, the eight pillars Pavilion, the baohepingfang square, and the stone lions of the Song Dynasty from the Daming ancient temple in Hebei Province into the park, where a number of famous stones from the Qing Dynasty palaces are also placed.

After Japan occupied Peiping in 1937, it was changed into Beiping Park and Central Park in October.

After the victory of the Anti Japanese war in 1945, the name of Zhongshan Park was restored, which is still in use today.

In 1988, Zhongshan Park was designated as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council of China.

Park layout

The main building of the park, sheji altar, is located in the center of the axis. The altar is square and is a three-layer platform made of white marble. On the altar, there are five colors of soil: yellow in the middle, green in the East, red in the south, white in the west, and black in the north, which are paid tribute from all over the country. It means "under the heaven, is it the king's soil?" and it also symbolizes the five elements of soil, wood, fire, gold, and water. There was a square stone column in the center of the altar, which was named "shezhu stone", also known as "Jiangshan stone", to show that "Jiangshan stone is permanent". There are four colored glazed walls around the altar, with blue in the East, red in the south, white in the West and black in the north. There is a white jade lattice gate on each side, which is very solemn. The "worship hall" in the north of the altar, also known as the hall of enjoyment or sacrifice, is a huge wooden structure with 5 wide faces and 3 deep depths. It has yellow glazed tiles, a single eaves, a white stone platform and no ceiling. The beams and arches are clearly exposed, and the paintings are painted with seals. This is the best preserved Ming Dynasty building. In 1925, Dr. Sun Yat Sen's coffin was placed in this hall. We accept people from all walks of life to pay their respects and condolence. In 1928, he Qigong, then the special mayor of Peiping, who was under Feng Yuxiang's command, proposed and presided over the change to Zhongshan Hall. There were 72 iron halberds plated with gold and silver on both sides of the back door of the hall, so it was called halberd gate. When the Eight Allied forces invaded Beijing, they plundered all the halberds. To the southwest of the altar, there are some ancillary buildings, such as the kitchen, the Treasury and the slaughter Pavilion. Changqing Garden is located in the east of sheji altar, with rockery, flower shed, flower bed and bonsai. Among them, there are many scenic spots, such as pine and cypress Pavilion, Touhu Pavilion, Laijin Yuxuan, and so on. In the west, tanghuawu is a greenhouse for cultivating all kinds of precious flowers and trees.

There are also some ancient buildings in the park. In the west of tanghuawu, the famous "Orchid Pavilion stele Pavilion" and "Orchid Pavilion eight pillars" were originally one of the 40 scenes of Yuanmingyuan, which were moved in 1917. The pavilion has double eaves, blue tiles and octagonal spires. The stone tablet standing in the middle is engraved with "the painting of Orchid Pavilion's water flow Cup" and the poems about Orchid Pavilion written by Emperor Qianlong. The eight stone pillars are respectively engraved with the Orchid Pavilion calligraphy copied by the calligraphers of the past dynasties from Wang Xizhi. They are precious stone carvings. The Xili Pavilion, which was moved from the official office of the Ministry of rites in the Qing Dynasty in 1915, was originally built in Honglu temple. It was a place where civil and military officials and foreign envoys who had just entered Beijing paid homage to the emperor.

Main attractions

protective measures

Architectural pattern and function control. Among them, neitan key protection area focuses on restoring and displaying the architectural pattern of shejitan period as far as possible, and the building control measures are the most strict. Most of the later construction buildings need to be demolished in the planning period, and the functions of the preserved historical buildings are exhibition, interpretation and education, which are compatible with the historical atmosphere. The key protection area of ancient trees focuses on buildings and their use, which does not affect the protection of ancient trees The construction control measures are relatively strict; the general protection area of Waitan focuses on the display of historical buildings and meets the needs of tourists for sightseeing, park service, management room and other functions, and the construction control measures are relatively loose. The regulation and control of building use function follows the principle of "cultural relics, historical buildings and general buildings are different". The use function of cultural relics and historical buildings should mainly display or continue their historical functions, and the use function of other buildings should be related to park management.

Garden plant planting regulation. The park is divided into three categories of garden plant Zoning: ancient tree protection zoning, inner altar plant adjustment zoning and outer altar plant adjustment zoning. Neitan plant adjustment area should try its best to restore the landscape plant pattern of shejitan period, and gradually form a more unified and solemn landscape plant space and atmosphere. On the basis of not reducing the green space area, the trees in the green space should be removed gradually. The goal of ancient tree protection zoning is to ensure the good growth state of ancient trees and basically realize the rejuvenation of ancient trees. On the premise of protecting the landscape pattern of the park in the period of the Republic of China, Waitan plant adjustment area creates a plant landscape in line with the traditional garden style and provides a comfortable and pleasant garden plant environment.

Regulation of tourism and recreation activities. In order to ensure that the public users have no negative impact on the protection and display of Zhongshan park resources, and make the tourists have a more intuitive understanding of the historical atmosphere of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it is suggested to guide the recreational activities of the public users. Among them, when tourists enter the park in large numbers, the inner altar restricts the public activities that produce a lot of sound; the central axis of the inner altar and the God kitchen area restrict the large-scale public fitness activities.

Cultural Activity

Flower show

Exhibition period: January to February

Every new year's day and Spring Festival, Beijing Zhongshan Park will hold a spring festival flower exhibition in tanghuawu. More than 300 pots of more than 20 varieties of spring flowering plants, such as Yingchun, Chimonanthus praecox, plum blossom, yuyemei, Bitao and begonia, will be displayed in batches. At the same time, different types of tropical orchids, such as Phalaenopsis, Cymbidium and Dendrobium, as well as greenhouse flowers, such as pineapple and Belgian azalea, ferns and bamboo taro, are arranged. Through the combination of Natural layout, three-dimensional decoration and potted plants, Chinese and foreign famous flowers are concentrated and gathered in the exhibition room Spring comes to our face, "three beautiful spring, all in one hall.".

One garden, one product

Exhibition period: around the Spring Festival from January to February

Viewing place: huifangyuan orchid is a perennial evergreen herbaceous flower of Orchidaceae. It is a famous traditional Chinese flower with a long cultivation history. Ancient literati valued their moral character and praised them as "gentleman in flowers". Since 1958, Chunlan and Xiahui in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces have been introduced to Zhongshan Park in Beijing, creating a history of large-scale cultivation of orchids in northern China. Huifang garden, built in 1990, is a national natural garden with orchid as the theme. Before and after the Spring Festival every year, there is a grand exhibition of Chinese native orchids, mainly Cymbidium Cymbidium Cymbidium. During the exhibition, there are more than 100 kinds of famous orchids, such as Cymbidium Cymbidium, Cymbidium Cymbidium and more than 200 pots. At the same time, Zhu De, Comrade Deng Xiaoping, Mr. Zhang Xueliang and the international exhibition are also on display

Chinese PinYin : Zhong Shan Gong Yuan