Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve

Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve is located in the southernmost part of the Chinese mainland. It is divided into 72 conservation areas, and is distributed in the coastal area of Leizhou Peninsula in Guangdong province. The total area is 20278.8 hectares. It is the largest coastal mangrove wetland in China. There are 24 species of mangrove plants, 82 species of birds and abundant shallow sea biological resources.

Mangrove is a marine woody plant community mainly composed of mangrove plants. It is named for its light red trunk. It is graceful in shape and can be seen and seen from time to time in the ebb and flow. Mangroves are shady and rich in plankton, inhabiting a large number of birds, fish, shrimp, crabs, shellfish, such as black faced Spoonbill, Chinese green mantis and other globally endangered species. The nature reserve is not only the habitat and breeding place of resident birds, but also the gas station and residence place of migratory birds, and it is one of the main channels for international migratory birds.

Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province

synonym

Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve generally refers to Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province

Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve is located in Zhanjiang City, southwest of Guangdong Province, along the coastline of Leizhou Peninsula 1556 km. Located at the southernmost part of the Chinese mainland, the East China Sea is 109 degrees 40 '- 110 degrees 35', North Latitude 20 degrees 14 '- 21 degree 35', consisting of 68 conservation areas along the Leizhou Peninsula coastline, with a total area of 20278.8 hectares. The mangrove area is more than 9000 hectares, accounting for the national level. Guangdong province is the largest and most concentrated nature reserve in mangrove forests in China.

There are 25 species of mangrove plants belonging to 15 families in Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve. The main protected objects are mangrove wetland ecosystem and its biodiversity, and typical coastal natural landscape.

Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve is a member of Ramsar international important wetland, Chinese people and Biosphere Reserve, a demonstration nature reserve of State Forestry Administration, and a demonstration base of forest eco-tourism in Guangdong Province.

Historical evolution

On January 1, 1990, Guangdong Provincial Government approved the establishment of Zhanjiang Mangrove provincial nature reserve. The purpose of the reserve is to protect mangrove related bird resources. It is located in Gaoqiao Town, Lianjiang City, covering an area of more than 2000 hectares.

In 1992, with the approval of Guangdong Provincial Forestry Bureau, the provincial nature reserve management station was established in Gaoqiao Town, Lianjiang City.

In 1995, Zhanjiang municipal government applied to expand the protected area and upgrade it to a national protected area.

On November 7, 1997, with the approval of the State Council, it was upgraded to a National Nature Reserve and renamed Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve.

In 2001, the project of mangrove comprehensive management and coastal protection, a bilateral cooperation project between the Chinese government and the Dutch government, was officially launched in Leizhou Peninsula. One of the important objectives of the project is to improve and strengthen the institutional capacity-building to meet the requirements of the protection and management of the reserve.

In 2002, Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve was listed as an important international wetland by Ramsar Convention organization.

geographical environment

Location context

Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province extends to mangrove wetlands along the coast of Leizhou Peninsula, covering 39 villages and towns including Xuwen, Leizhou, Suixi and lianjiang, and Mazhang, Potou, development zone and Xiashan, involving 147 village committees.

Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve is located in the coastal zone of Zhanjiang, 109 ° 40 '- 110 ° 35' e and 20 ° 14 '- 21 ° 35' n, with a total area of 20278.8 hectares.

It is divided into 72 conservation areas, which are distributed in the coastal beach of Leizhou Peninsula in Guangdong Province. In the northwest of the reserve, Gaoqiao is the main area, with the geographical coordinates of 109 ° 44 ′ 9 ″ - 109 ° 56 ′ 10 ″ E and 21 ° 9 ′ 19 ″ - 21 ° 34 ′ 15 ″ n; in the northeast, Guandu is the main area, with the geographical coordinates of 11 ° 21 ′ 51 ″ - 110 ° 38 ′ 19 ″ E and 21 ° 6 ′ 29 ″ - 21 ° 27 ′ 27 ″ n; in the East, Huguang is the main area, with the geographical coordinates of 110 ° 6 ′ 35 ″ - 110 ° 30 ′ 19 ″ E and 20 ° 30 ′ 19 ″ n In the southeast, the geographical coordinates are 110 ° 17 ′ 49 ″ - 110 ° 27 ′ 40 ″ E and 20 ° 34 ′ 11 ″ - 20 ° 43 ′ 48 ″ n; in the southwest, the geographical coordinates are 109 ° 41 ′ 20 ″ - 110 ° 12 ′ 15 ″ E and 20 ° 14 ′ 6 ″ - 20 ° 52 ′ 19 ″ n.

climate

Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve is located in the transition area from the north to the south. The south is the North tropical monsoon climate area, and the north is the south subtropical monsoon climate area. It is greatly affected by the monsoon climate and marine climate. The annual average temperature is 23 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 38.8 ℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is - 1.4 ℃. The average annual precipitation is 1534.6 mm. The dry and wet seasons are obvious. The rainfall is concentrated from April to September. It is also a typhoon rainstorm season. There are many thunderstorms. The typhoon brings rainstorms and waves to the coast, which has huge damage energy.

hydrology

Mangrove swamp in Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve originated from natural coastal swamp. There are Jianjiang River, Jiuzhou River and Nandu River. Each river carries a large amount of fresh water and nutrients and sediment lost from land into the sea every year. The salinity of the water quality at the confluence of fresh water and tidal saline water presents a gradient change, about 1% - 3%. The salinity is mainly affected by the periodic changes of tides and rainfall seasons. The beaches with different salinities at the estuary provide suitable sites for mangrove plants with different salt tolerance . The tides on the East and west sides of Leizhou Peninsula are different. The tides on the east coast are irregular semidiurnal tides, while those on the west coast are irregular diurnal tides.

terrain

Leizhou Peninsula, where Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve is located, has a relatively flat terrain and complex coastline. There are many islands near the peninsula. Except for the rugged coast at the southern end of the peninsula, the beaches on the East and west sides and adjacent islands are very small slopes.

soil

The mangrove swamp soil in Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve of Guangdong Province is mainly saline swamp soil formed by the accumulation of shallow sea sediment, tide and river transport under the growth of mangrove.

Protection target

Botany

There are 24 species of 15 families and 24 species of mangrove trees in Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve of Guangdong. The main associated plants are 21 species of the Chinese mainland. Among them, Avicennia marina, Aegiceras corniculata, mangrove, Kandelia candel and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza are the most widely distributed and the most abundant. The main forest vegetation communities are Avicennia marina, Aegiceras corniculata, Kandelia candel and mangrove pure forest communities and Avicennia marina + Aegiceras corniculata, Aegiceras candel + Kandelia candel, Aegiceras candel + mangrove communities. The stand canopy density is above 0.8.

Marine organisms

There are 110 species of shellfish belonging to 38 families, 76 genera, 3 classes and 127 species of fish belonging to 100 genera, 58 families, 15 orders in Leizhou Peninsula mangrove area. Shellfish are the largest species of the family clam family, and 20 species are found. 4 species of clams, green dung, caps, striped snails and ferrets are found in the Chinese mainland coast. Perciformes are the most dominant fish species, with 65 species belonging to 49 genera and 27 families. There are 28 species of shellfish and 32 species of fish with important economic value.

birds

Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve is not only an important habitat for resident birds, but also a main foraging place for migratory birds. In addition to a large number of gulliformes, Passeriformes and other resident birds, a large number of migratory birds (including cranes, storks, herons and raptors) stop in the reserve on their way from Japan, Siberia or northern China to Australia every autumn and winter. According to the survey, there are 194 species of birds in the reserve, of which 32 are under the second level protection of the state, 117 and 39 are included in the agreement on the protection of migratory birds between China, Japan and Australia.

Management organization

Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve Administration is a department level unit directly under the Forestry Department of Guangdong Province, with one director and two deputy directors. There are four functional departments including office, scientific research and education department, resource management and protection department and Sustainable Utilization Department, and six management stations including Xuwen, Leizhou, Suixi, Lianjiang, Donghai and Mazhang.

Development and construction

Jiulongshan Wetland Park was declared by Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve Administration and local government to the State Forestry Administration in 2009, and was approved for pilot construction at the end of the same year. It is the first national wetland park named after mangrove in China.

ecological value

Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve has become an important international wetland, a national demonstration nature reserve construction unit, and a Chinese people and biosphere reserve. It is an important area of coastal protection forest construction system and wetland protection project in China. Zhanjiang mangrove wetland is the essence of wetland resources in southern China. It is an important buffer zone and carbon sequestration zone to cope with global climate change. It is also used to clean seawater, regulate solar term, protect coastal areas, prevent and reduce disaster, protect biodiversity and maintain ecological security.

Chinese PinYin : Zhan Jiang Hong Shu Lin Guo Jia Ji Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu