Tonghuai guanyue Temple

Located in Tumen street, Licheng District, tonghuai guanyue temple is one of the famous historic sites of Quanzhou ancient city for offering sacrifices to Wen (Confucius) and Wu (Guanyu) saints. The main hall is dedicated to Guan Hanting Marquis and Yue Zhongwu king, as well as 24 famous Zhongwu soldiers of past dynasties.

The main hall, known as Wucheng hall, is dedicated to Guan Yu of the Three Kingdoms and Yue Fei of the Southern Song Dynasty. It has three wide faces and five deep depths. It has a single eaves and a hard top. It has a wooden frame with a bucket. On the right are Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, who were worshipped by the "Sanyi Temple" in Taoyuan during the Three Kingdoms period, and Zhuge Liang. On the left is the hall of worshiping ancestors, worshiping the three generations of ancestors of Guan Gong. Today, the three halls stand side by side, forming a magnificent building complex with symmetrical structure and temple, with a total construction area of 1294 square meters. The restored temple is decorated with exquisite wood, stone and clay carvings.

There are many famous plaques in the temple, such as "Zhengqi" written by Zhu Xi, a great Confucian in Song Dynasty, and "filling heaven and earth" written by Zhang Rui, a calligrapher in Ming Dynasty.

Tonghuai guanyue Temple

Tonghuai guanyue temple is located in Tumen street, Licheng District, Quanzhou City. It is commonly known as Tumen Guandi temple. It is mainly dedicated to Guan Yu. In 1914, it was added to worship Yue Fei, so it was renamed. It is a famous historic site for offering sacrifices to Wen (Confucius) and Wu (Guan Yu) saints. It is also the largest existing Wu Temple in Fujian Province.

The main hall, known as Wucheng hall, is dedicated to Guan Yu of the Three Kingdoms and Yue Fei of the Southern Song Dynasty. It has three wide faces and five deep depths. It has a single eaves and a hard top. It has a wooden frame with a bucket. On the right are Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, who were worshipped by the "Sanyi Temple" in Taoyuan during the Three Kingdoms period, and Zhuge Liang. On the left is the hall of worshiping ancestors, worshiping the three generations of ancestors of Guan Gong. Today, the three halls stand side by side, forming a magnificent building complex with symmetrical structure and temple, with a total construction area of 1294 square meters. The restored temple is decorated with exquisite wood, stone and clay carvings. There are many famous plaques in the temple, such as "Zhengqi" written by Zhu Xi, a great Confucian in Song Dynasty, and "filling heaven and earth" written by Zhang Rui, a calligrapher in Ming Dynasty.

Historical evolution

There are some materials about the evolution of guanyue temple in tonghuai

In Wanli Renzi (1612) of Ming Dynasty, Li Guangjin (see the list of Quanzhou people, Li Guangjin) and Sanyi Temple records: "there is a temple of shouting marquis in the Han Dynasty in the county, which is unique in spirit and highly respected by the people. Temple around the hall, left worship shouting Hou, right worship Pinglang Hou Yan, I do not know where to start, along the long Fu dare more. At the age of Jiachen in Wanli (1604), the Buddhists moved to Pinglang Marquis on the left side of the hall, and the statue of Guanyin was made in the middle of the hall. It was a place of good faith and conversion. In the spring of Renzi (1612), the statue of a great scholar was moved to the Zen room on the platform (Chengtian Temple). Among them, Xiaolian Zhang junfen, Wenxue Yang junmou, he junqisheng and Zhang junmou discussed the sculpture of Liu Xianzhu (Liu Bei), Guan shouting Hou (Guan Yu) and Zhang Xixiang Hou (Zhang Fei), attached to Zhuge Wuhou (Zhuge Liang) and worshipped in the middle hall, with a South orientation, while fengpinglang Hou was in the front hall, with a north orientation. It's an expression of the elegance of working together in the Han Dynasty. It's a sacrifice that Kaiquan people didn't have

In 1621, the first year of Tianqi in the Ming Dynasty, Li Guangjin wrote in the book of rebuilding Guandi Temple: "today, those who go down to the ancestral hall of the Han Dynasty, shouting Marquis, are all over the prefecture. However, they are in my spring. The builders should not worry about hundreds of them. The temple in my Confucian forest is prosperous. I don't know where the creation started. "

In Qianlong's "Quanzhou Fu Zhi Tan Miao Si Guan" of Qing Dynasty, "Huiyi Pu is governed in Fu.". In Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty (1522-1566), Li Yide, a long history, was rebuilt. During the Wanli period (1573-1619), the statues of emperor Su at the right side of the temple, Emperor zhaolie (Liu Bei), marquis Zhang Xi (Zhang Fei) and Prime Minister Zhuge Liang (Zhuge Liang) of the Han Dynasty were restored. In the first year of Tianqi (1621), a statue of emperor gunmian was made in the back hall. The county gentry Yang Weiqing, Li Guangjin and Xu built temples, and the living room of the abbot of guangseng and Daoism was restored with the stone. In the ninth year of Shunzhi (1651), Emperor Guansheng was granted the title of Zhongyi Shenwu. In the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), Emperor Guangzhao, Emperor Yuchang, and Emperor Chengzhong were appointed as gods, and God cards were added to the right hall. On the auspicious day of the second month of the spring and Autumn period and on the 13th of May

After quoting Qianlong's Quanzhou Prefecture annals, Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty added: "in the ninth year of the reign of Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty (1731), the people of the city donated to repair it. Qianlong 43 years of Wu Shu (1778), county gentleman donated repair. In March of the 19th year of Jiaqing (1814), a loyal and righteous God named Wuling yourenyong was granted. In the third year of Daoguang (1823), he was advised to donate money for repair. In the first month of the eighth year (1828), he was granted the title of loyal and righteous God Wu Ling You Ren Yong Wei Xian. "

In 1778, Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty rebuilt the monument of Guandi temple in tonghuai street of quanjun: "there is a street in the south corner of quanjun city called tonghuai, and the temple worships Guandi for a long time." "I don't know when the temple was built, but the one who can be tested is that it was built in Youming Wanli guimao (1603) as the reporter Li junguangjin; it was built in Yongzheng Xinhai (1731) as the reporter Zhang junhuandeng." "In 1773, the building on the front hall's main ridge was about to be scratched, and the building on the back hall's eight trigrams was also about to be straightened up. All the buildings were dirty and the dust was not fresh. The gentry of the county, with one mind to persuade the loser, complied with the previous rules and compiled it. The material is good, solid and new. In front of the temple, there was a magnificent watch. Now it has fallen down, and the tree has been uncovered to show its solemnity It began in September and ended in February 1776. "

In the 16th year of the Republic of China, Ding Mao (1927) rebuilt the tonghuai temple in quanjun county and donated it. "On the fourth night of November, Ding Mao suffered a disaster in the three halls of the tonghuai temple, the emperor's statue was burned, and the ritual objects of all dynasties were burned."

To sum up, tonghuai Guandi temple was built from the Southern Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty. In the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty (1522-1566), Li Yide, a long historian, rebuilt the temple. At that time, the temple had left and right halls, each with three entrances: the front hall, the main hall and the back hall. The left hall was dedicated to Marquis shouting (Guan Yu), and the right hall to Marquis Pinglang (Yan). During the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty (1573-1619), youtang was changed into Sanyi temple to worship Liu, Guan and Zhang, and Zhuge. In the first year of Tianqi of Ming Dynasty (1621), Guandi temple was rebuilt and the living room of guangseng and Daoist Abbot was built. A statue of Guanyu was made in the back hall of Zuotang. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1736-1795), an additional hall for worshiping ancestors was built to worship Guan Yu's great ancestors, ancestors and father gods. In front of the main hall, a ritual music pavilion was built in yuedao (the ritual music pavilion was changed into a school in the reign of Emperor Guangxu, taking the meaning of "Li Yu Li, Cheng Yu Le", named Licheng primary school). In 1927, the fire broke out and left hall was turned into ash and gravel. Sanyi temple and Chongxian hall still exist. In that year, left hall was rebuilt according to the old system, and the statue of Guandi was carved from Cinnamomum camphora wood of cienyan.

The existing temple of guanyue temple in tonghuai county was rebuilt in 1927, and was completely renovated again from 1986 to 1990. The temple faces south from the north and consists of Wucheng hall, Chongxian hall and Sanyi temple, all of which have three entrances, with a construction area of 1294 square meters. During the large-scale reconstruction in 1914, the front hall of Sanyi temple was juxtaposed with the front hall of the main hall, so that the three temples were connected into one, forming a symmetrical structure and a magnificent building complex. The restored hall is decorated with exquisite wood, stone and clay carvings, and the roof is cut with porcelain and dragon carvings. The shapes are different, with flowers, birds and animals, reflecting the artistic style of ancient buildings in Southern Fujian. The main hall is Wucheng hall, which is three rooms wide and five rooms deep. It has a single eaves on the top of the mountain and a wooden frame with a bucket. It is a memorial to Guan Sheng Emperor (Guan Yu) on the left and to Yue Wu Mu King (Yue Fei) on the right. Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, Wang Jun, Xie Xuan, Han Qinhu, Li Jing, Guo Ziyi, Wang Yanzhang, Cao Bin, di Qing, Xu Da and other 24 famous generals in history were worshipped. On the left side is the hall of worshiping ancestors, offering sacrifices to Guangzhao, Yuchang and Chengzhong. The Sanyi temple on the right is dedicated to Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, as well as Zhuge Liang and Zhao Yun. It was a flat house, but now it is a three story building with antique decoration.

sacrifice

With the rise of Guan Yu's title, the worship ceremony of Guan Shengfu increased. The grand ceremony began in the late Ming Dynasty, when Guan Yu had been granted the title of emperor, but the ceremony was not regulated by the emperor. Even Confucius only used Liuyi in the early Ming Dynasty, and was promoted to Bayi in Chenghua. In the ninth year of Jiajing, he was promoted to dahelo.

"Yi" is a kind of dance, the emperor's music and dance with eight Yi, that is, vertical and horizontal are arranged by eight people, a total of 64 people; princes can only use six Yi, that is, vertical and horizontal are arranged by six people, a total of 36 people; doctors with four Yi, that is, vertical and horizontal are arranged by four people, a total of 16 people; scholars with two Yi, that is, vertical and horizontal are arranged by two people, a total of 4 people.

During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Guan Yu became the emperor, and the temple was called Wu Temple, which was also called Confucius' Confucian temple. Therefore, his sacrificial rites were constantly upgraded, and finally became the same as Confucius' sacrificial rites.

In 1778, the monument of Guandi temple in tonghuai street of quanjun county was rebuilt: "the state built the Wenmiao temple to worship Confucius, and restored the wumiao temple to worship Guandi. The temple uses the imperial system, from the capital and provinces, counties, prefectures, counties, three years old sacrifice, its ceremony slightly lower than the ancestors, above the two gods of the country It is also forbidden to worship the ancient school, Yixue and Shidian, and to worship the Juzhen in Tongjun county and Yayin wasteland. It is also the private wish of scholars and women to look forward to

Daoguang's Jinjiang county annals, Volume 16, ancestral temple annals in Qing Dynasty: "Wu Temple" is on the left of jiehuipu tishu, and the former is the Eastern Church of Tidu. In the 27th year of Kangxi (1688), Zhang Yunyi, commander-in-chief of the emperor, built the temple, which was called the Wu Temple. In the spring and Autumn period, he offered sacrifices. The ceremony of rank worship is still in the Tumen Temple (Guandi Temple). During the reign of zhijiaqing (1796-1820), Yan Shouying, commander-in-chief

Chinese PinYin : Tong Huai Guan Yue Miao