Wujiang

Wujiang River, the largest river in Guizhou Province of China, is a tributary on the right bank of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. It is also called Qianjiang. It originates from Huayu cave in Xianglu mountain of Weining County, flows through northern Guizhou and Southeast Chongqing, and flows into the Yangtze River in Fuling District of Chongqing city. The total length of the main stream is 1037 km, and the drainage area is 87920 square km. The upper reaches are above the confluence of Liuchong River, the middle reaches are from confluence to Sinan, and the lower reaches are from Sinan. Wujiang River system is a pinnate distribution, with high terrain in the southwest and low terrain in the northeast. The terrain is mainly plateau, mountain plain, middle mountain and low mountain and hill. Due to the large elevation difference and strong cutting, the vertical change of natural landscape is obvious. It is famous for its rapidity, abundant beaches and narrow valleys, known as "natural danger".

Wujiang

This entry is compiled and applied by "popular science China" Science Encyclopedia

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Wujiang River is the largest river in Guizhou Province,

It was called Yanjiang and Qianjiang in ancient times,

It is the largest tributary on the South Bank of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and has always been one of the most important water channels in Guizhou. With abundant flow, stable flow pattern and rich mineral resources in the basin, it is a "golden waterway" worthy of the name. Wujiang River originates from the eastern foot of Wumeng in Weining County, western Guizhou Province. It has two sources, South and North. Sancha River in the south is 322 km long, which is the main source of Wujiang River. Liuchong River in the north is 210 km long, which is called Wujiang River after the confluence of the two sources in huawuji of Qianxi County. Wujiang River passes through the central and northeast of Guizhou Province, enters Sichuan Province 15 kilometers north of Hongdu, and joins the Yangtze River at Fuling. The total length of Wujiang River from its source to its estuary is 1050 km (848 km in Guizhou and 188 km in Chongqing), with a drop of 1787.46 m, including 714 km from Wuji to Fuling, with an average gradient of 1.02 ‰.

The Wujiang River basin covers 46 counties and cities in Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing and Hubei provinces, including Bijie, Liupanshui, Anshun, Guiyang, Zunyi, Qiannan, Tongren and Fuling. On the left bank below huawuji, there are major tributaries such as Yeji River, Jinsha River, Xiangjiang River, Meijiang river, Liuchi River, Hongdu River and Furong river. On the right bank, there are major tributaries such as Maotiao River, Qingshui River, Weng'an River, Yuqing River, Shiqian River, Yinjiang River, tangsha River and Yujiang River, with a total drainage area of 87900 square kilometers.

Historical evolution

Wujiang was called Yaojiang from the pre Qin to the Tang Dynasty (Guizhou was an ancient country in the pre Qin period). It was also called Neijiang, Fuling and Yanshui. Qianzhong road was established in the Tang Dynasty, so it was also called Qianjiang in the Tang and Song dynasties.

The Yuan Dynasty was first called Wujiang. When the Mongolians went south, they wrote down the names of different places in Mongolian and then transliterated them into Chinese characters, which led to many mistakes. For example, "siqiong" along the river in Hebei Province was recorded as "Siqu" (because the nasal rhyme of local Bashu language fell off). Wujiang also got its name at this time.

Yanhe was called "Wuchuan" in ancient times (in 599, the 19th year of kaihuang reign of Sui Dynasty), Zhaowei zheliao was ordered to set up Wuchuan County, which was located on the East Bank of Yanhe County. It was only in the late Southern Song Dynasty that it moved to DURU, and Wuchuan County ruled Yanhe in 519). According to the annals of Yuanhe County in the Tang Dynasty, "Neijiang water, a Fuling water (Wujiang River), is 40 steps west of the county (now Tianba in the east of Yanhe River). Because of the name of Sichuan, it is called Wuchuan County." It can be seen that Wujiang was called "Wuchuan" in Tang Dynasty.

"Wu" is a micro initial word, which was constructed as "Wu" in Yuan Dynasty, but there was no V consonant in Mongolian, so it was replaced by a similar "Qu", so it was later transcribed as "Wu", which is the origin of the name of Wujiang.

General situation of River Basin

Basin scope

Wujiang River is a tributary of the upper Yangtze River and a tributary on the right bank of the upper Yangtze River. It is also called Qianjiang. It originated from Huayu cave in Xianglu mountain, Weining County, Guizhou Province,

There are two sources in the South and the north. Sancha River in the south is 322 km long, which is the main source of Wujiang River. Liuchong River in the north is 210 km long, which is called Wujiang River after the confluence of the two sources in huawuji, Qianxi County. Wujiang River runs through the middle and northeast of Guizhou, enters Sichuan Province 15 kilometers north of Hongdu, and joins the Yangtze River in Fuling District of Chongqing. Wujiang River is 1050 km from its source to its estuary (848 km in Guizhou and 188 km in Chongqing).

The upper reaches are above the confluence of Liuchong River, the middle reaches are from confluence to Sinan, and the lower reaches are from Sinan.

Basin topography

Wujiang River system is a pinnate distribution, with high terrain in the southwest and low terrain in the northeast. The terrain is mainly plateau, mountain plain, middle mountain and low mountain and hill. Due to the large elevation difference and strong cutting, the vertical change of natural landscape is obvious. It is famous for its rapidity, abundant beaches and narrow valleys, known as "natural danger".

Natural resources

Wujiang River Basin is rich in mineral resources, including coal, iron, manganese, antimony, lead, zinc, barite and fluorite, with coal and phosphate rock as the bulk. The upper reaches of Bijie and Liupanshui are rich in coal and Kaiyang, fupump and Weng'an phosphate deposits. Forest resources are distributed in Yuqing, Shiqian, Youyang, Pengshui and Fuling. The main food crops are rice and corn. After the liberation of China, the waterway of Wujiang River has been renovated. Three dangerous shoals, Chaodi, Xintan and gongtan, have been opened up, the waterway from upstream Shuikou to dawujiang river has been opened up, the main dangerous shoals in the middle and lower reaches have been renovated, and the motorized ship transportation has been developed. Through the ship type reform, the waterway transportation has made great progress, and the freight volume was 735800 tons in 1978.

Hydrological characteristics

In Wujiang River Basin, the western high mountain area is relatively cold, the annual average temperature in Weining is only 11.3 ° C, and the climate in other places is mild, with the annual average temperature ranging from 14 ° C to 18 ° C. The rainfall is abundant. The annual average rainfall in the west is slightly less than 1000 mm, and in the middle is 1000-1200 mm. It can reach 1400mm in the southeast. The rainy season in Wujiang River Basin mostly occurs from May to October. Sinan hydrological station has a maximum water level of 379.45m, a minimum water level of 351.26m (Wusong elevation), a maximum discharge of 15600m3 / s, a minimum discharge of 56m3 / s, an average annual runoff of 50.48 billion m3 and a maximum annual sediment discharge of 17.1 million tons.

Characteristics of river reach

upper reaches

From Heyuan to huawuji is upstream. Wujiang River has two sources, Sancha River in the South and Liuchong River in the north. Traditionally, Sancha River in the south is the main source.

South source: Sancha River originates from shigangdong village, Yingdong village, Yancang Town, Weining County, at the eastern foot of Wumeng mountains in western Guizhou Plateau, with an altitude of 2040 meters. The source of the river gushed a fresh spring from the stone vat cave, forming a stream. The stream flows through kegai dam to Xianglu mountain, flows through Shuicheng, Nayong, Zhijin, Liuzhi and other counties in the south, turns to the northeast after reaching Puding, and then flows through Anshun, Pingba, Qingzhen and other cities and counties to join huawuji and Liuchong River in Qianxi County. The confluence is 860 meters above sea level. Sancha River is 325.6 km long.

North Source: Liuchong river originates from can kiln, Keke Yi and Miao Autonomous Township in the northwest of Hezhang County. Wuyan spring gushes out from the ground to form a stream. It flows through Hezhang County in the southeast and then sneaks into the ground. After several sections of undercurrent reach, it reappears on the surface. Then it flows through Bijie, Nayong, Dafang, Zhijin and other cities and counties, and joins with Sancha River in huawuji, Qianxi County. Liuchong river is 273.4 km long.

middle reaches

Huawuji to Sinan is the middle reaches, with a river length of 366.8 km. The middle reaches of the Wujiang River pass through the mountains. Due to the erosion of river water and groundwater, it often forms "V" shaped canyons 200 to 300 meters deep. The deep water of the canyons is rapid, and there are about 148 large and small dangerous shoals. The famous dangerous shoals include Xuantang, Tianshengqiao, zhentiandong, yizisantan, etc., which are the biggest obstacles to the navigation of the Wujiang River. The dangerous shoal is long and the fall is large, and the water energy resources are very rich.

downstream

From Sinan to Fuling is the downstream. The rivers below Sinan cut through the Dalou mountain range and Wuling mountain range and entered the Sichuan Basin and Wuling mountain area. The lower reach flows due north below Sinan and turns Northwest after reaching Pengshui. Due to the large number of tributaries in the lower reaches, the water volume increases greatly, and the gradient of the river is smaller than that of the upper and middle reaches. From Sinan to Fuling, the river is 344.6 km long. The lower reaches of the river are navigable, with an elevation of 136.5 meters.

Characteristics of water system

Wujiang River passes through the central and northeast of Guizhou Province, enters Sichuan Province 15 kilometers north of Hongdu, and joins the Yangtze River at Fuling. Wujiang River is 1050km long from its birthplace to its estuary (848km in Guizhou and 188km in Chongqing), with a drop of 1787.46m, of which 714km is from Wuji to Fuling, with an average gradient of 1.02 ‰. The total drainage area is 87900km2.

The Wujiang River is winding and embraces hundreds of rivers. The main stream receives many tributaries along the way. There are 75 tributaries in Guizhou Province with a drainage area of more than 100 square kilometers, and 75 tributaries in Chongqing city with a drainage area of more than 50 square kilometers. There are 15 primary tributaries with a drainage area of more than 1000 square kilometers. The drainage area of these 15 tributaries is 50571 square kilometers, accounting for 57.5% of the total area of Wujiang River Basin.

Below huawuji, on the left bank, there are major tributaries such as Yeji River, Jinsha River, Xiangjiang River, Meijiang river, Liuchi River, Hongdu River and Furong River, on the right bank, there are major tributaries such as Maotiao River, Qingshui River, Weng'an River, Yuqing River and Shiqian River, as well as major tributaries such as Yinjiang River, tangsha River and Yujiang river.

Cat leaping into the river

It originates from the central part of Anshun City in the northwest foot of Miaoling mountains and flows through Pingba and Qingling

Chinese PinYin : Wu Jiang