Gongcheng Temple

The total width of the temple is 32.55m, and the depth is 66.8m. The main structure is a mixed load-bearing structure of wood frame and brick wall. There is no main gate, and the entrance and exit from the west gate. The temple covers an area of 2100 square meters, with a construction area of 1033 square meters. It has a stage, a rain Pavilion, a front hall, a main hall and a back hall, and East and West Wing rooms on both sides.

Gongcheng Temple

Gongcheng Wu Temple is a temple dedicated to Guan Yu, a famous general of the Three Kingdoms. It was built in 1603, the 31st year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty. It was rebuilt in the 59th year of Kangxi (1720), destroyed in the war in the fourth year of Xianfeng (1854), and rebuilt again in the first year of tongzhi (1862).

Gongcheng Wu Temple, which was funded by the people's Government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region for maintenance in 1984, has a history of 400 years.

Gongcheng temple has a construction area of 1033 square meters. It has a stage, a rain Pavilion, a front hall, a main hall and a back hall, and rooms on both sides. It is located on the left side of the Confucian temple at the south foot of Yinshan Mountain.

geographical position

Wu Temple is located at the foot of Yinshan Mountain in the west of Gongcheng County. On the right side is the Confucian temple. Gongcheng Wu Temple is a well preserved Guandi temple in Guangxi.

The distance between Wu Temple and Confucian temple is 110 meters, which creates the only miracle in China that Wen temple and Wu Temple cannot coexist.

Cultural relics protection

Gongcheng Wu Temple is a key cultural relic protection unit in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

The whole temple covers an area of 1033 square meters. It has a stage, a rain Pavilion, a front hall, a main hall and a back hall, and rooms on both sides. It is located on the left side of the Confucian temple at the south foot of Yinshan Mountain. The site selection of the two temples is quite exquisite. They occupy two ridges of the same mountain, 50m apart, which are adjacent to each other and correspond to each other. Interestingly, the Confucian temple is 6 degrees south by East and the Wu Temple is 45 degrees south by East. If the central axes of the two temples are extended, the intersection points will be 100 meters away from the Wu Temple and 110 meters away from the Confucian temple. Yinshan Mountain is divided into two ridges, one east and one west, one left and one right. On the left is the Confucian temple and on the right is the Wu Temple. The two temples are integrated and complement each other.

Original name

Gongcheng temple, also known as Guandi temple, is a temple dedicated to Guan Yu, a famous general of the Three Kingdoms.

Guan Yu? In 220, the surname was Guan Mingyu and the word was Yun Chang. He died of fighting with the state of Wu, and was posthumously named the Marquis of Zhuang Miao. Local people set up ancestral temples in Yuquan mountain to offer sacrifices. But until the Tang Dynasty, it had little influence on the people. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, he was granted the title of Duke (a real king). However, Guan Yu combines loyalty, bravery, benevolence and righteousness: he is loyal to his country, brave in fighting, benevolent in dealing with others and righteous in dealing with others, which brings together almost all the virtues of the Chinese nation. So, the impact is growing.

Finally, he was honored as emperor Guansheng, commonly known as emperor Guandi. The two religions of Buddhism and Taoism also competed to regard Guan yuluo as the God of the door. Buddhism regards it as Dharma protector Kalan, while Taoism regards it as reincarnation of Laolong in leishou mountain.

Related allusions

After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Guan Yu became the head of human and God, and became the "martial saint" on the same shoulder as Confucius. Among the people, all walks of life worship Guan Yu more than Confucius. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Guan Yu has become the God of war, the God of war, the God of industry, the God of wealth, the God of justice and blessing.

Now, Guan Yu's influence has gone beyond time and space, across nationality, and has been worshipped and respected by Chinese people at home and abroad.

Reconstruction period

According to relevant inscriptions, Gongcheng temple was built in Wanli of Ming Dynasty. From the song and Yuan Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with the rising tide of beautification, sanctification and deification of Guan Gong from all walks of life, many large-scale restoration, reconstruction and expansion of Gongcheng Wu Temple were carried out.

In the late Qing Dynasty, the temple caught fire several times and suffered heavy losses, but it was restored and rebuilt in the Republic of China. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the people's government attached great importance to the ancient architectural community of Gongcheng. It not only listed it as a key cultural relic unit of the state for protection, but also repeatedly allocated funds for the maintenance and restoration of the temple, which basically restored the original appearance of history.

The temple was built in 1603, the 31st year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty. It was rebuilt three times. Now it is gradually restored to its original appearance. The distance between Wu Temple and Confucian temple is 110 meters, which creates the only miracle in China that Wen temple and Wu Temple cannot coexist.

Layout structure

Wu Temple, covering an area of more than 2130 square meters, has a stage, a rain Pavilion, a front door, a main hall, a back hall and a two chamber side hall. It is mainly a mixed load-bearing structure of wood frame and brick wall. The temple does not have a main gate. It opens from both sides. It is said that this is to prevent the outside air from rushing in directly, affecting the strong air field in the temple. On the two doors, there are eight big characters: "loyalty to the king and patriotism" and "helping the world and the people", which means Guan Gong's principle of being a man.

The temple is divided into stage, main hall, Xietian palace, back hall and East and West Wing halls. The whole building has a double eaves on the mountain, wings and corners on the mountain, clay sculptures decorated with flowers on the ridge, auspicious dragons and Phoenix, eight immortals in light and shade, and vivid figures, flowers and birds.

The yellow green glazed tile roof and the manghui of the Confucian temple are integrated to form a splendid ocean of light at the foot of Yinshan. Gongcheng temple is a relatively complete Guandi Temple preserved in Guangxi so far, known as "the crown of temples in Guangxi". Now it is one of the unique landscapes in Guilin Tourist Area.

Cultural tradition

The Confucian temple was built on the left, and the Wu Temple was built because in ancient Chinese traditional concepts, the left was the East and the Yang, the East was the master of life and the respect, so it was the Confucian temple to show respect for literature; the right was the West and the Yin, and the West and the killing were the inferiority, so it was the Wu Temple to show suppression of martial arts. The relationship between the Confucian temple and the martial temple also means that yin and yang are in harmony and that civil and martial arts are integrated. It not only advocates culture, but also martial arts, which fully embodies the cultural spirit of the Chinese nation.

The two temples in Gongcheng, one east and one west, are located in the same place, which is unique in China. The ancient stage of Gongcheng Wu Temple is a place where the gods were entertained in the past festivals. The base of the stage is made of blue stone. There are three stone carvings in the center, namely "Weishui visiting sages", "Kuixing diandou" and "Sangu Maolu". The top of the stage is equipped with a Douba caisson. Taiji is painted in the middle, which means the combination of yin and Yang. The painted clay sculptures on the ridge are rich and lifelike. Four gold pillars lead straight to the top floor, supporting the roof load, and four corners are linked Heaven, the shape is wonderful, the momentum is magnificent, the essence of architecture is amazing.

There is a pair of stone lions in front of the head, left male and right female, full of aura. Inside the gate, there are two generals holding horses. It is said that they are the horses of Guan Yu and Jiang Wei. On the left, they worship the God of wealth, and on the right, they worship the earth and the dragon. The walls are covered with stone inscriptions of temple building inscriptions of past dynasties. The main hall is called "Xietian Palace", with its layout and structure. The figures on the ridge, flowers and clay sculptures are all traditional crafts, romantic and exaggerated. The window lattice lattice and lattice fan are carved with exquisite patterns, which are of extraordinary craftsmanship.

The statue of Guan Yu in the hall is divided into two parts: the seated statue and the walking statue. The innermost one is the seated statue. The walking statue is flanked by four generals Guan Ping, Zhou Cang, Wang Fu and Zhao Lei. All clay sculptures are vivid, dignified and solemn. There are many kinds of flowers in the Shenxi Pavilion. The eight immortals and the wind eaves are carved meticulously. The glazed tiles are green and flowing gold. The whole hall is decorated magnificently. The back hall is dedicated to Guanyin, the goddess of Mazu, and the faithful men and women often worship here to "protect future generations".

architectural style

The upper part of Gongcheng Wu Temple is a whole wood structure except for the stone masonry of the platform foundation. On the platform, there are carved doors, windows, lattice fans and shrines. Four gold pillars lead straight to the top floor to bear the load of the top floor and the eaves to the lower eaves.

The double eaves rise from the middle. There is a caisson in the middle of the platform. It looks like a big bell hanging upside down. There were 36 water tanks at the bottom of the stage. When the gongs and drums were beating on the stage, the sound was reflected upward from different angles by the water tanks, and concentrated in the caisson to produce resonance, which could expand the sound and make the sound spread ten miles away.

The red walls and yellow tiles of the stage are full of emerald and flowing gold; the roof has double eaves, and the eaves are high; the dragon and Phoenix are auspicious and the eight immortals are bright and dark on the ridge mountain, and the shapes of flowers and birds are vivid. The front hall and the back hall are carved beams and painted buildings with flying eaves. They are magnificent and excellent in architecture. Jieyi square, Junzi Pavilion and Sanyi pavilion are the main buildings. The main temple at the north end of the central axis is a huge building community with many units and layers. It is mainly composed of glass dragon wall, Duanmen, Wumen, Yushu building, daolou, Yinlou, Chunqiu building and many memorial archways. It is the main place for Guan Gong's sacrificial activities.

Main building

The main building in the main temple is grand in scale, extraordinary in momentum, carved beams and painted buildings, solemn and solemnly, which makes people respect Guan Gong. On the east side of the south end of the central axis, there is a stone archway with "thousands of generations' admiration", and on the west side of the south end of the central axis, there is a wooden archway with "Weizhen Huaxia".

These two magnificent memorial archways show the world the great position of Guan Gong and Guan Gong Culture in ancient Chinese history, and people's admiration arises spontaneously. On the East and west sides of the north end of the central axis, there are basically symmetrical auxiliary buildings of the main temple, such as Zhuifeng temple, Changshou palace, Chongsheng temple and so on.

These subsidiary buildings, like the main temple, are shrouded in a solemn atmosphere, but they have irreplaceable functions: to deepen people's understanding of Guan Gong's life and life experience, to extend and strengthen the worship and admiration of Guan Gong.

In Gongcheng temple, the carved wooden shrine is exquisite, with a statue of Guan Yu in emperor's costume. It is brave and resolute, with a dignified and solemn look. Outside the niche, there are carved beams and painted buildings, and the guards of honor are lined up. There are carved wooden pillars of clouds and dragons. They circle from the bottom to the top, with ferocious and angry eyes. The two poems intersect to show their beauty

Chinese PinYin : Gong Cheng Wu Miao