Shunhuangshan National Forest Park in Yongzhou

Shunhuangshan National Forest Park is located in damiaokou, 29 kilometers southwest of Dong'an County, Hunan Province, bordering Quanzhou County in the South and Xinning County in the West and North. The park is 42.5 kilometers long from north to South and 17.5 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total area of 14548.6 hectares. It is an extraterrestrial subtropical monsoon humid climate zone with four distinct seasons. The territory is extremely rich in tourism resources, well protected forest vegetation, many places of interest and beautiful environment. It is an excellent place for tourism, scientific exploration, summer vacation and leisure. It is also an ideal place for youth summer camp activities. The main peak of Shunhuangshan National Forest Park, Shunhuangshan (formerly known as Hongyun mountain), is 1882.4 meters above sea level, more than 300 meters higher than Mount Tai, the top of the five mountains. It is the first peak in southern Hunan. It is said that it was named after Emperor Shun's southern tour. Yongzhou Fu Zhi, which was written in Jiaqing period of Ming Dynasty, said: "there is Shun mountain in Yong Dong'an, because of Shun's hunting".

Transportation: if you drive from Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan to Shunhuangshan: Changsha (Zhuzhou and Xiangtan) - (Beijing Zhuhai Expressway) - Hengyang - (Hengyang Kunming Expressway) - huangtianpu exit (Dong'an exit) - dong'an-shunhuangshan, Changsha - dong'an-shunhuangshan. If you are driving from Guilin to Shunhuangshan: Guilin - (hengkun Expressway) - huangtianpu exit (Dong'an exit) - Dong'an - Shunhuangshan, Guilin - (National Highway 322) - Quanzhou Huangsha River - Dongan Zixi town - Shunhuangshan. If you are driving from Guangzhou to Shunhuangshan: Guangzhou Lianzhou Yonglian highway Yongzhou Dong'an Shunhuangshan. If you are driving from Shaoyang to Shunhuangshan: Shaoyang - (207 National Highway) - Dong'an - Shunhuangshan. If you come to Shunhuangshan by means of transportation from Changsha: Changsha - Dong'an - (transfer to the city's Dong'an - damiaokou bus) - damiaokou - Shunhuangshan.

Shunhuangshan National Nature Reserve

synonym

Shunhuangshan National Forest Park in Yongzhou generally refers to Shunhuangshan National Nature Reserve

Shunhuangshan nature reserve is located in the southeast of Xinning County. It used to be Shunhuangshan and Ziyun Wanfengshan provincial nature reserves, with a total area of 21719.8 hectares, including 9073.4 hectares of core area, 6656.7 hectares of buffer area and 5969.7 hectares of experimental area.

Historical evolution

On July 24, 1979, Luo Zhongchun, director of the Institute of forestry of Xinning County, et al. First discovered Abies resources at an altitude of 1700m in Shunhuang Mountain. There are about 100 trees scattered in about 1000 hectares of broad-leaved forest in Shunhuang Mountain and Dayun mountain.

In 1981, Hunan Provincial Science and technology commission entrusted Hunan Provincial Forestry Society to organize the provincial forestry department, Provincial Normal University, Shaoyang Forestry Bureau and Forestry Science Research Institute, forestry investigation team, Xinning County Forestry Bureau, meteorological station and other units to conduct a comprehensive scientific investigation on wild plants such as Cathaya argyrophylla and Abies ziyuanensis in the whole county from October to November.

The predecessor of Hunan Shunhuangshan nature reserve is "Xinning Ziyun mountain Wanfeng Mountain Provincial Nature Reserve" approved by Hunan Provincial People's Government on April 3, 1982 and "Xinning Shunhuangshan Mountain Provincial Nature Reserve" approved by Hunan Provincial Forestry Department on May 9, 1984 The nature reserve includes all the woodlands of the former Shunhuangshan state-owned forest farm and some woodlands of Wanfeng, Ziyun and jinziling state-owned forest farms.

On November 25, 2003, the people's Government of Xinning County decided to merge "Wanfeng mountain of Ziyun mountain" and "Shunhuangshan Mountain" two provincial nature reserves, Hengpu village of Huanglong Town, Wuli Village of qingjiangqiao Township and other collective ecological public welfare woodlands connected with Ziyun mountain and Shunhuangshan Mountain into "Hunan Shunhuangshan Mountain Nature reserve" to declare national nature reserve.

In 2004, the protection and management station of Shunhuangshan Nature Reserve was established in Xinning County, which is specifically responsible for the management of the nature reserve.

In 2006, Hunan Provincial People's Government approved the merger into Hunan Shunhuangshan nature reserve with the approval of xzh60.

On September 18, 2009, "Hunan Shunhuangshan National Nature Reserve" was established.

geographical environment

Location context

Hunan Shunhuangshan National Nature Reserve is located in Xinning County, southwest of Hunan Province. It is located between the middle part of Yuechengling in Nanling Mountain system and the remaining veins of Xuefeng mountain system. It is located between 110 ° 28 ′ 53 ″～ 111 ° 18 ′ 34 ″ E and 26 ° 15 ′ 06 ″～ 26 ° 55 ′ 22 ″ n, 84.3km long from east to west and 73.1km wide from north to south. The nature reserve covers an area of 21719.8 hectares, which is divided into East and west parts. It is a nature reserve with state-owned forest as the main body. In China, it has an area of 14306.7 hectares, accounting for 65.9%, and collectively owned area of 7413.1 hectares, accounting for 34.1%. The eastern part covers an area of 16937.0 HM, including part of woodlands in Shunhuangshan forest farm, jinziling forest farm, ziyunshan forest farm, Huanglong Town, huilongsi Town, Jingwei Town, Qingjiang town and yidushui town; the western part covers an area of 4782.8 HM, including part of woodlands in Wanfeng forest farm, Malin Yao nationality Township and Huangjin Yao nationality township.

soil

The horizontal zonal soil in nature reserve is red soil. The formation of soil is mainly affected by the complex topography, vertical distribution of bioclimate and different vegetation types. Due to the complexity and diversity of natural landscape and the obvious difference of natural conditions between East and West slopes, the phenomenon of staggered distribution and mosaic among soil types is more common, which becomes a specific manifestation of soil diversity in the nature reserve. The soil in the reserve is mainly mountain red soil and mountain yellow soil developed from granite and slate shale. The vertical distribution of soil is different, which can be divided into five sub types: mountain red soil, mountain yellow red soil, mountain yellow brown soil and mountain meadow soil.

climate

The Nature Reserve belongs to the mid subtropical monsoon climate zone, and its climate belongs to the mid subtropical monsoon humid climate type. However, the climate of Shunhuang Mountain is not only subtropical and monsoon, but also influenced by altitude, mountain terrain and forest, which shows obvious characteristics of subtropical mountain climate.

The annual average temperature of the nature reserve is 15.0 ℃, the average temperature of the hottest month in July is 25.9 ℃, the average temperature of the coldest month in January is 3.4 ℃, the annual range is 22.5 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 33.8 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 7.5 ℃, and the annual variation of the average temperature is unimodal. The annual average precipitation is 1360.6 mm. The annual rainfall in May is the most concentrated, with an average of 208.9mm, and December is the least, with an average of 37.3mm. The average number of precipitation days over the years is 179.3 days, and the annual average relative humidity of the reserve is 91%. The vertical change of relative humidity in the reserve is obvious, and the relative humidity increases with the increase of altitude. The northeast wind prevails in winter and southwest wind prevails in summer. The wind direction changes with seasons, which belongs to monsoon climate region.

hydrology

The nature reserve is the watershed between the upper reaches of Xiangjiang River and Zishui river. The main rivers are Fuyi River and its tributaries flowing into Zijiang River and Zixi River and its tributaries flowing into Xiangjiang River. Fuyi water flows into Xinning County from chetianwan, Ziyuan County, Guangxi, and then flows into Zishui through Shaoyang, with a flow length of about 100 km in Xinning County. The average flow of Fuyi is 78.14m/t, mainly HCO < sub3 < / sub Ca · mg and HCO < sub3 < / sub Ca · mg water. The pH value is generally 6.5-7.7, the total hardness is 1.5-2.56d, and the salinity is 0.108-0.150g/l. It belongs to low mineralization, weak acid to weak alkaline and very soft to soft water. The pH value is generally 7.7, and the total hardness is 1.74d in dry season of Zixi river.

The main supply source is precipitation. Groundwater in the reserve and its surrounding areas can be divided into bedrock fissure water and carbonate fissure karst water. The hydrochemical type of groundwater is HCO < sub3 < / sub ca.

vegetation

The vegetation of Shunhuang Mountain belongs to Yuechengling and Nanling Mountain Vegetation Areas in southern Hunan Province, with typical Nanling forest type. The main types are forest (coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, mountaintop dwarf forest and bamboo forest), shrub and grass.

natural resources

plant resources

There are 2233 species of vascular plants belonging to 793 genera and 183 families in the nature reserve, of which 39 genera are endemic to China, accounting for 5.5% of 707 genera of seed plants. There are more than 50 new species of seed plants in Hunan Province. From 1978 to 2004, botanists discovered 29 new species and varieties of plants in Ziyun mountain, Shunhuang Mountain and their surrounding areas. There are abundant resources of rare wild plants, among which there are 6 species of national grade I protected wild plants: Cathaya argyrophylla, Abies ziziensis, boleshu, Taxus chinensis var. mairei, Taxus chinensis var. mairei and Ginkgo biloba. There are 21 species of wild plants under class II national protection, including Golden dog, Cephalotaxus fortunei, South China five needle pine, Torreya grandis, Lianxiang tree, shuanghuamu, Banfenghe, Cinnamomum camphora and Phoebe bournei

Chinese PinYin : Yong Zhou Shun Huang Shan Guo Jia Sen Lin Gong Yuan