Tomb of Zhongshan king in Han Dynasty

The tombs of Zhongshan king of Han Dynasty are distributed in 25 townships throughout Dingzhou City, Hebei Province, most of which are located in the East, West and south of Dingzhou City. It is the cemetery of Zhongshan king and upper class nobles in the Han Dynasty, dating from 154 BC to 184 ad. Since 1959, the tombs of Liu Yan, King Jian of Zhongshan, Liu Chang, King Mu of Zhongshan, Liu Xiu, King Huai of Zhongshan, 120-122 of sanpanshan and 137 of Lingbei have been excavated. The tomb of Zhongshan king in Han Dynasty is of high standard and rich cultural relics. For example, Liu Xiu's tomb adopted the burial system of "Huang Chang Ti CuO". The owner of the tomb wore gold and jade clothes, and unearthed the Analects of Confucius, which is of great literature value. The 174 stones with characters found in Liu Yan's tomb recorded many place names of Zhongshan state and its neighboring counties, which has important reference value for the study of the history and geography of Zhongshan state. These characters also provide material materials for the study of the transformation of Chinese characters from Qin Zhuan to Han Li. Liu Chang's tomb also unearthed two sets of Silver Carved Jade garments and a large number of exquisite gold, silver, copper, iron and jade wares. The tomb of Zhongshan king in Han Dynasty provides important material materials for the study of the burial system of princes in Han Dynasty and the history and culture of Zhongshan state.

Tomb of Zhongshan king in Han Dynasty

The tomb of Zhongshan king of Han Dynasty is located in the eastern suburb of Dingzhou City. At present, there are 175 Han Tombs in Zhongshan, such as huaiwang mausoleum, Jianwang mausoleum and Muwang mausoleum.

The tomb of Zhongshan king of Han Dynasty was announced as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council in 2001

Historical evolution

The tomb of Zhongshan king of Han Dynasty is located in the eastern suburb of Dingzhou City. Dingzhou City (Dingxian) was Zhongshan County in the Han Dynasty. In 154 BC, Emperor Jingdi of the Han Dynasty granted his ninth son Sheng the title of King Jing of Zhongshan, and moved his capital to lunu (Dingzhou). Zhongshan County was changed into Zhongshan state, which was the Zhongshan state in the Han Dynasty.

In the Western Han Dynasty, there were six successive kings for more than 100 years, while in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were six successive kings for 140 years. Most of the Han tombs are distributed in the southeast of the city. The main tombs are in the east of Beijing Guangzhou railway and the north of Ding'an highway. After exploration and investigation, 281 Han tombs were found in Dingzhou, including the mausoleum of King Huai, King Jian and King Mu in Zhongshan. A large number of cultural relics have been unearthed, providing valuable material for the study of the history of Zhongshan state in Han Dynasty.

Cultural relics protection

Most of the sealing soil has been leveled, and the existing sealing soil is 30 meters high, generally 5 meters high. There are 175 tombs of the Han Dynasty, with 124 protected units. On June 25, 2001, it was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council.

Regional distribution

The tombs of Zhongshan king of Han Dynasty are distributed in 25 townships throughout Dingzhou City, Hebei Province, most of which are located in the East, West and south of Dingzhou City. It is the cemetery of Zhongshan king and upper class nobles in the Han Dynasty, dating from 154 BC to 184 ad.

Dingzhou has a long history. As early as in the original "abdication" period, Yao was granted here (now Tangcheng village, Dingzhou). The spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period began to have the name of "Zhongshan". In the 12th year of King Weilie of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (414 BC), the capital of Wugong of Zhongshan was moved to Gu (now Dingzhou), and Lingshou was moved in 380 BC. After the Qin Dynasty unified China, Dingzhou was still called Zhongshan state, belonging to Hengshan County. The Han Dynasty followed the Qin system. In 154 BC, Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty granted Liu Sheng, the ninth son of the emperor, the first generation of King Jing of Zhongshan, and Du Lu nu (now Dingzhou City), which was the first Zhongshan state of the Han Dynasty. According to the records of Geography in Hanshu, Zhongshan has 160000 households, 668000 people and 14 counties, ranking the third among 20 dukes. The king of Zhongshan in the 17 dynasties of the Han Dynasty has been inherited for more than 300 years, leaving a large number of tombs of the king of Zhongshan in the Han Dynasty.

Cultural relics exploration

Since the 1950s and 1960s, the Hebei Provincial Cultural Relics team has carried out cultural relics exploration and investigation in Dingzhou. In 1959, 1969 and 1973, the tombs of Liu Yan, King Jianwang, Liu Chang and Liu Xiu, King huaiwang of Zhongshan were excavated respectively (the tomb of King Jingwang of Zhongshan was excavated in Mancheng Lingshan in 1968). More than 2000 pieces of cultural relics were unearthed, including gold, silver, copper, iron, jade, pottery and porcelain A large number of precious cultural relics, such as bone ware, jade clothes, bamboo slips and stone carvings with inscriptions, are now collected in Dingzhou Museum. Among them, the "dragon dragon holding jade Bi" and "jade seat screen" are national treasures.

In addition, there are 173 tombs of Zhongshan king of Han Dynasty in Dingzhou, which were listed as national key cultural relics protection units in 2001. Some of these Han tombs have been sealed with earth. Located in Gaotou village, the sealed earth of the Han tombs is tall and surrounded by green pines and cypresses. It is known as the "scenic spot of Pingshan" in history and is one of the eight ancient scenic spots in Dingzhou.

Zhongshan state in Han Dynasty is located in the plain, which is an important gateway to the north. Historical records and unearthed a large number of cultural relics prove that Zhongshan state was one of the cultural and economic developed areas in Han Dynasty, with dense population, rich products, developed agriculture, developed iron smelting, textile, pottery making, wine making and other industrial production scale and technology level, gilded inlay, painting and other craft products, jade, gold The silver and bronze products show the wisdom and talent of the working people in Zhongshan more than 2000 years ago in their manufacture, design, modeling and decoration.

Excavation of cultural relics

Since 1959, the tombs of Liu Yan, King Jian of Zhongshan, Liu Chang, King Mu of Zhongshan, Liu Xiu, King Huai of Zhongshan, 120-122 of sanpanshan and 137 of Lingbei have been excavated. The tomb of Zhongshan king in Han Dynasty is of high standard and rich cultural relics. For example, Liu Xiu's tomb adopted the burial system of "Huang Chang Ti CuO". The owner of the tomb wore gold and jade clothes, and unearthed the Analects of Confucius, which is of great literature value.

The 174 stones with characters found in Liu Yan's tomb recorded many place names of Zhongshan state and its neighboring counties, which has important reference value for the study of the history and geography of Zhongshan state. These characters also provide material materials for the study of the transformation of Chinese characters from Qin Zhuan to Han Li. Liu Chang's tomb also unearthed two sets of Silver Carved Jade garments and a large number of exquisite gold, silver, copper, iron and jade wares.

Important information

The tomb of Zhongshan king in Han Dynasty provides important material materials for the study of the burial system of princes in Han Dynasty and the history and culture of Zhongshan state.

Dingzhou has a long history. As early as in the original "abdication" period, Yao was granted here (now Tangcheng village, Dingzhou). The spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period began to have the name of "Zhongshan". In the 12th year of King Weilie of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (414 BC), the capital of Wugong of Zhongshan was moved to Gu (now Dingzhou), and Lingshou was moved in 380 BC. After the Qin Dynasty unified China, Dingzhou was still called Zhongshan state, belonging to Hengshan County.

Development status

Zhongshan state in Han Dynasty is located in the plain, which is an important gateway to the north. Historical records and unearthed a large number of cultural relics prove that Zhongshan state was one of the cultural and economic developed areas in Han Dynasty, with dense population, rich products, developed agriculture, developed iron smelting, textile, pottery making, wine making and other industrial production scale and technology level, gilded inlay, painting and other craft products, jade, gold The silver and bronze products show the wisdom and talent of the working people in Zhongshan more than 2000 years ago in their manufacture, design, modeling and decoration. The tomb of Zhongshan king of Han Dynasty is located in the eastern suburb of Dingzhou City. Dingzhou City (Dingxian) was Zhongshan County in the Han Dynasty. In 154 BC, Emperor Jingdi of the Han Dynasty granted his ninth son Sheng the title of King Jing of Zhongshan, and moved his capital to lunu (Dingzhou). Zhongshan County was changed into Zhongshan state, which was the Zhongshan state in the Han Dynasty. In the Western Han Dynasty, there were six successive kings for more than 100 years, while in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were six successive kings for 140 years. Most of the Han tombs are distributed in the southeast of the city.

The main tombs are in the east of Beijing Guangzhou railway and the north of Ding'an highway. After exploration and investigation, 281 Han tombs were found in Dingzhou, including the mausoleum of King Huai, King Jian and King Mu in Zhongshan. A large number of cultural relics have been unearthed, providing valuable material for the study of the history of Zhongshan state in Han Dynasty. Most of the sealing soil has been leveled, and the existing sealing soil is 30 meters high, generally 5 meters high. There are 175 tombs of the Han Dynasty, with 124 protected units. On June 25, 2001, it was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council.

Main relics

Liu Xiu's tomb was excavated by Hebei cultural relics administration and Dingxian Museum in 1973. Liu Xiu, the owner of the tomb, died in the third year of Emperor Xuan's Wufeng reign (55BC). The tomb unearthed two horseshoe gold and two horseshoe gold, one Linzhi gold, two big gold cakes and 40 small gold cakes, all from the inner coffin. Horseshoe gold is hollow in the interior, concave in the bottom, horseshoe shaped, with green glass inlaid on the top as the cover, and the upper part of the wall is covered with gold flowers for a week. Two pieces of horseshoe gold were cast on the lower part of the wall, with three wavy patterns. One piece weighs 273 grams, with a "up" character cast on the center of the bottom, and the other piece has a broken glass cover on the top, weighing 247.6 grams, without a word on the bottom. The two pieces of small horseshoe gold weigh 32.1g and 30.9g respectively, with a "middle" character cast in the bottom center. Linzhi gold is in the shape of animal hoof, the bottom is concave in the center, the front edge of the peripheral wall is inclined backward into a slope, the upper part of the peripheral wall is covered with flower gold flower for one week, and the top is covered with green glass, which weighs 65.5g. According to the history of Emperor Wu in the Han Dynasty, in the second year of Taishi (A.D. 95), Emperor Wu "changed his gold into Linzhi and Cuan, and took xierei as his symbol. Because he gave his class to the princes and kings.

It can be seen that this kind of horseshoe gold and Linzhi gold was not a currency in circulation at that time, but a kind of auspicious object specially given to the princes by the emperor. Two large gold cakes, weighing 251.7g and 251.5g respectively, were placed under the armpit of the owner of the tomb when they were unearthed, roughly equivalent to one jin of the Han Dynasty. On the front of the cake, there is the word "Huang" and other symbols. The weight of xiaojinbing ranged from 42.4 g to 75.6 g, most of which were 50 g to 60 g, with an average weight

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