Liangshui National Nature Reserve

Liangshui Nature Reserve is divided into primeval forest scenic area, artificial lake scenic area and Exhibition Center. Among them, the primeval forest scenic area can enjoy the most complete and typical primeval forest landscape of Xiaoxing'an Mountains. Most of them are three or four hundred year old Korean pines, spruce, larch, birch and so on. In autumn, a large area of birch forest, as well as coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest are all dyed. It is very beautiful. There is a "Shaoqi tower" in the scenic spot, which is said to be the tower Liu Shaoqi and his wife visited when they visited dailing.

Heilongjiang Liangshui National Nature Reserve

synonym

Liangshui National Nature Reserve generally refers to Heilongjiang Liangshui National Nature Reserve

Heilongjiang Liangshui National Nature Reserve is a member of the Chinese people and biosphere reserve network, and a teaching practice base directly under Northeast Forestry University. Located in dailing District, Yichun City, Heilongjiang Province, it is located in the southeast of Xiaoxing'anling mountains, the east slope of dalidailing branch, with a total area of 12133 hectares. The main protected object is the mixed forest ecosystem of Korean pine and broadleaf.

The nature reserve is one of the teaching practice bases directly under the Northeast Forestry University. At present, it has a series of teaching practice and science popularization infrastructure, such as teaching laboratory, multimedia classroom, comprehensive exhibition room, fungus exhibition room, plant and environment exhibition room, animal exhibition room, as well as nearly 3000 square meters of living infrastructure, such as guest house, student dormitory building, canteen, etc., with several teaching practice lines . The reserve has the ability to receive 400 people for teaching practice, scientific research and tourism meetings at the same time, receiving about 3000 undergraduate teaching practice person times every year.

Liangshui National Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang Province is one of the typical and complete distribution areas of original Korean pine coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in China. It is a representative temperate original Korean pine coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Northeast Asia and China.

Historical evolution

Liangshui forest region began to develop in the early 1950s.

In 1958, with the approval of the Ministry of forestry and the people's Government of Heilongjiang Province, Liangshui experimental forest farm was established by Northeast Forestry University (formerly Northeast Forestry College).

In July 1980, Liangshui experimental forest farm was transformed into a provincial nature reserve of forest and wildlife type with the approval of the former Ministry of forestry (State Forestry Bureau).

In 1996, he joined the network of Chinese people and biosphere reserves.

In September 1997, he joined the network of man and biosphere nature reserves in China. In December of the same year, he was promoted to a national nature reserve with the approval of the State Council.

In 2000, it was approved by the Ministry of education as the national science talent training field practice base. In the same year, it was approved by the Ministry of science and technology to establish the national key field ecological positioning research station.

In 2006, it was identified as the national forestry demonstration nature reserve.

In 2017, it was named as the first batch of national primary and secondary school students' research and practice education bases by the Ministry of education.

geographical environment

Location context

Heilongjiang Liangshui National Nature Reserve is located in the southeast section of Xiaoxing'anling mountains in China, which is the east slope of dalidailing branch. The geographical coordinates are 128 ° 47 ′ 8 ″ - 128 ° 57 ′ 19 ″ e, 47 ° 6 ′ 49 ″ - 47 ° 16 ′ 10 ″ n, 13.0km wide from east to west, 17.0km long from north to south, with a total area of 12133hm. The nature reserve is located in the northern central area of dailing district. It is bounded by highways in the East, North and West, bordering on Hongguang, hanyue, beilie and Mingyue of Dailing Forestry Experimental Bureau respectively. In the south, it is bounded by Yongcui River and adjacent to Bishui experimental forest farm. The Management Bureau of the nature reserve is located in the experimental area in the middle of the nature reserve. The living area of the nature reserve is located in dailing Town, the seat of the government of dailing District, Yichun City, 26km away from the nature reserve.

climate

The region is located in the eastern margin of Eurasia, which is deeply influenced by the marine climate and has obvious characteristics of temperate continental monsoon climate. In winter, under the control of denatured continental air mass, the climate is cold, dry and windy. In summer, it is mainly affected by subtropical ocean air mass, with concentrated precipitation (more than 60% of the annual precipitation from June to August) and high temperature. The climate is changeable in spring and autumn, with strong wind and small precipitation in spring. In autumn, the temperature drops sharply and early frost often appears.

Due to the higher latitude, the solar radiation in this area is less. The annual average temperature is only - 0.3 ℃, the annual average maximum temperature is 7.5 ℃, the annual average minimum temperature is - 6.6 ℃; the accumulated temperature of ≥ 10 ℃ is about 1700 ℃, the accumulated temperature of ≥ 5 ℃ is about 2000 ℃, and the accumulated temperature of 0 ℃ is between 2200-2400 ℃. The annual average precipitation is 676 mm, the annual average precipitation days are 120-150 days; the snow cover period is 130-150 days, the annual average relative humidity is 78%, and the annual average evaporation is 805 mm. The annual sunshine duration is about 1850h, and the sunshine rate is 43.5%. The annual average ground temperature is 1.2 ℃ and the frozen soil depth is about 2.0 M. the island like permafrost can appear in some parts of the valley fir forest. The freezing period of the river is as long as 5 months (from late November to mid and late April of the next year), and the frost free period is 100-120 days (from mid and late May to mid and late September). The main wind direction of the whole year is southwest wind, generally southwest wind in spring and summer, northwest wind in autumn and winter. The climate is characterized by long winter and short summer, cool and wet summer, cold and dry winter.

Geology and geomorphology

In the nature reserve, there are undulating peaks, surrounded by mountains and ravines, forming a more complex mountain terrain. The main mountains are north-south, and the sub mountains are mostly east-west. The general trend of topography is higher in the north, East and West, and lower in the center and southwest. Some core areas and some experimental areas are located in the basin. The highest peak in the reserve is linglaidong mountain in the north, with an altitude of 707.3m. It gradually drops to the North Bank of Yongcui River in the southwest of the reserve, with an altitude of only 280m. The average altitude of the whole reserve is about 400m, with a relative altitude of 80-300m. This area belongs to low mountains and hills. The top of the mountain is round and the two sides of the mountain are asymmetric. Generally, the south slope is short and steep, and the north slope is slow and long. The average slope is between 10 ° and 15 ° and the steep slope is above 20 ° and 40 ° in some sections.

The rock types exposed in this area include Hercynian granite and phenocryst granite, and a small part is Archean granite gneiss.

soil

The soil in the whole area is divided into 4 soil classes (eluviate soil class, semi hydrogenetic soil class, hydrogenetic soil class and organic soil class), 4 soil classes (dark brown soil, meadow soil, swamp soil and peat soil) and 14 sub classes. Because the altitude is not high, there is no obvious mountain, the vertical distribution of soil is not obvious, only regional distribution. The zonal soil is dark brown soil, which is distributed on the hillside, accounting for 84.91% of the reserve area; the non zonal soil is meadow soil, swamp soil and peat soil, accounting for 15.09% of the reserve area; the meadow soil accounts for 1.20%, which is distributed in the forest open space and riverbank platform; the swamp soil accounts for 13.07%, and the peat soil accounts for 0.82%, which are distributed in the low-lying areas on both sides of the river and the poor drainage areas in the valley between mountains. The thickness of soil layer is 30-60cm. The dark brown soil on the hillside is a kind of soil with high fertility, which grows in the original broad-leaved Korean pine forest. Its surface layer has a thick humus layer, high content of organic matter, and the texture is mainly loam, and the gravel content in the lower layer is gradually increasing. The soil profile is generally acidic, and the soil color is mainly dark, and gradually becomes shallow downward, so the soil fertility is higher.

Regional scope

summary

According to the topography, geomorphology, natural environment, natural resources and spatial distribution of main protected objects, and in accordance with the regulations of the people's Republic of China on nature reserves and the principles and methods of regionalization of nature reserves, the forest land of 12133hm2 in Liangshui National Nature Reserve is divided into core area, buffer area and experimental area.

core area

The broad-leaved Korean pine forest is concentrated in the middle of the whole reserve. Some of them were cut in the 1950s, and now they have formed artificial forest. There are a small number of spruce fir forest and Larix gmelinii in the valley. Due to the delimitation of the core area to maximize the protection and management of the main protected objects of the reserve. Therefore, this part of forest and woodland is divided into the core area, including 16 forest classes, with an area of 3740 Hm2, accounting for 30.8% of the total area of the reserve. In the core area, there are typical broad-leaved Korean pine forest, cold spruce forest, Larix gmelinii forest and secondary poplar birch forest in different succession stages. No unit or individual is allowed to enter the core reserve, and absolute protection measures are implemented. If it is necessary to enter the core reserve due to the need of scientific research, it can only enter the reserve after being approved by the superior competent department and the management organization of the reserve to engage in observation, investigation and other research work.

The specific zoning scope is: from the top of 707.3m, the highest peak in the north of the reserve, along the ridge line-647.0m-546.2m-552.0m-454.0m-412.0m-525.0m-416.0m-430.2m-410.0m-386.3m in the anticlockwise direction, and then to the 314.5m elevation of the highway in the reserve, from 434.7m-443.7m-577.4m-549.6m-575.8m（

Chinese PinYin : Liang Shui Guo Jia Ji Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu