Dingcun Folk Museum

Dingcun residence is located in Dingcun, 4 km south of Xiangfen County, Shanxi Province. There are more than 20 residential courtyards of Ming and Qing Dynasties in the village. The first one is from the 21th year of Wanli (1593) to the 40th year of Ming Dynasty, and the later one is xianfengjian of Kangxi of Qing Dynasty. It is basically the layout of the village in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is divided into three building groups: North, middle and south. Most of the courtyards are quadrangles facing south. The gate was located in the southeast corner in Ming Dynasty, but it was lively and changeable in Qing Dynasty. The architectural form is divided into wing room, main hall, hallway and gatehouse. Different positions lead to different shapes. The architectural components include objects, flowers, birds and animals, classical opera, beautiful shape, smooth and exquisite carving, which is a masterpiece of the Ming and Qing Dynasty people's carving art. Dingcun folk custom museum, founded in 1985, is the first professional museum reflecting the folk customs of Han nationality in China. There are seven courtyards in the museum. The first two courtyards mainly display the customs of the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival and Mid Autumn Festival. The three courtyards mainly display local customs, including marriage customs, birth, funeral and so on. In the latter two courtyards, folk handicrafts from southern Shanxi are displayed, including dough figurines, embroidery, puppets, etc. The museum shows people the customs of Ming and Qing Dynasties with these objects. It is a regional folk custom museum. The museum is located in Ding Village, Chengguan Town, Xiangfen County, Linfen area, Shanxi Province. Founded in November 1985. There are more than 7000 pieces in the collection, all of which are cultural relics reflecting the Han nationality in southern Shanxi Province, such as year and season orders, clothing, food, housing and transportation, life etiquette, weddings and funerals, folk crafts, religious beliefs and so on. In addition to the basic display of folk painting and calligraphy, folk paper cutting, Folk Woodcut New Year pictures, folk embroidery and folk wheat sculpture, there is also a special exhibition of folk painting and calligraphy to show the works of local celebrities. Yin Zigui, Li Zhaoxiang, Tao Fuhai, former curators and Deputy curators.

Dingcun Folk Museum

Dingcun folk custom museum is located in Linfen, Shanxi Province. There are 26 residential buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties, the earlier is the 21st to 40th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, and the later is xianfengjian in Kangxi in Qing Dynasty. Each residence is not only an exquisite work of art, but also a precious cultural relic. In 1985, the state took back 19 courtyards, collected nearly 10000 cultural relics, and founded the first museum of Chinese folk customs.

In February 2020, in order to pay tribute to the medical workers struggling in the front line of anti epidemic, the scenic spot will be open to the medical staff free of charge from the end of the epidemic to December 31, 2020.

Historical development

Dingcun folk custom museum. Built in 1985, this museum is the first professional museum in China to reflect the folk customs of Han nationality, which is of pioneering significance. Dingcun folk custom museum is located 35 kilometers south of Linfen and about 4 kilometers north of Xiangfen county. There are 26 houses in Ming and Qing Dynasties, all of which are well preserved. The earlier is the 21th to 40th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, and the later is xianfengjian of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty. The courtyard in Ming Dynasty was small, high, dignified, ornate, and focused on carving. The contents include historical figures, flowers, animals, classical operas, etc. Each residence is not only an exquisite work of art, but also a precious cultural relic. In 1985, in order to protect these ancient residential buildings, the state recovered 19 courtyards, renovated nine courtyards and two temples, collected nearly 10000 cultural relics, and established China's first Han nationality folk custom museum.

It is a regional folk custom museum. The museum is located in Ding Village, Chengguan Town, Xiangfen County, Linfen area, Shanxi Province. Founded in November 1985. There are more than 7000 pieces in the collection, all of which are cultural relics reflecting the Han nationality in southern Shanxi Province, such as year and season orders, clothing, food, housing and transportation, life etiquette, weddings and funerals, folk crafts, religious beliefs and so on. In addition to the basic display of folk painting and calligraphy, folk paper cutting, Folk Woodcut New Year pictures, folk embroidery and folk wheat sculpture, there is also a special exhibition of folk painting and calligraphy to show the works of local celebrities. Yin Zigui, Li Zhaoxiang, Tao Fuhai, former curators and Deputy curators.

Introduction to the countryside

Dingcun, located 5 kilometers south of Xiangfen County, Shanxi Province, is surrounded by Tashan mountain in the East and Fenshui River in the West. The terrain is high in the East and low in the west, with mild climate and abundant soil and water. It has been one of the areas of human activities since ancient times. The famous national key cultural relics protection unit, Paleolithic "Dingcun people" and its cultural sites are distributed around it. Excellent natural conditions, long civilization and well preserved residential buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties provide unique conditions for preserving and inheriting the typical culture of Fenhe River Basin.

Most of the houses in Ding village are tall and spacious quadrangles, which are composed of main rooms, east-west wing rooms and South rooms, with a patio in the middle. The layout is the same as that of Beijing's quadrangles, but it is bigger and more exquisite than Beijing's quadrangles. There are also various colored paintings and sculptures on the steps, column bases, beams and window lattice of the house. Each residence is not only an exquisite work of art, but also a precious cultural relic.

architectural composition

Dingcun is located in Xiangfen County, southern Shanxi Province, where the famous "Dingcun people" and "Dingcun cultural sites" are located. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit. Ding village has preserved more than 20 courtyards of various types built from the 21th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1593) to Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty, and 33 courtyards of Ming and Qing Dynasties, reflecting the village pattern of northern rural areas in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which is divided into three architectural groups: North, middle and south. Most of the courtyards face south, and the gate of Ming Dynasty is in the southeast corner. Most of the courtyards are built with a main hall, a hall, a gate and a wing, all of which are of masonry and wood structure. There are figures, flowers, birds, animals, classical operas, historical stories and other wood carvings and brick and stone carvings on the building components, which are excellent works of residential buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The museum displays nearly ten thousand cultural relics in some of its courtyards, and displays some folk customs in southern Shanxi during the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China as paintings or models. There are 10 exhibition rooms in the first courtyard of the museum, which show the customs of the age of Jinnan people inherited from each other in the past dynasties. In the courtyard of the museum, there are mainly displays of the folk etiquette and customs of welcoming marriage since the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, as well as the "Twelve genera, Xiang, Ke and he Tu", other etiquette and customs in southern Shanxi, congratulation and serving parents, etc. In the courtyard built in the 36th year of Qianlong reign in the Qing Dynasty, there are many popular folk arts and crafts, such as embroidery, paper cutting and wood painting, as well as objects and materials of song and dance, small drama, shadow play and puppet show. In addition, there are exhibition rooms for folk painting and calligraphy, folk mirrors, civil porcelain and production tools.

Architectural features

Learn about Dingcun Folk Museum and the Ming and Qing residential buildings in Dingcun. When you step into Ding Village, you will be infected by the architectural community with rich and simple style. There are 40 quadrangle dwellings in Dingcun village. From 1593 A.D. to the end of Qing Dynasty, they are divided into four groups: north courtyard, middle courtyard, South courtyard and northwest courtyard. The north courtyard is mainly built in Ming Dynasty, the middle courtyard is mainly built in Yongzheng and Qianlong years of Qing Dynasty, the South courtyard is mostly built in Daoguang and Xianfeng years, and the northwest courtyard is built in Qianlong and Jiaqing years Building. These buildings take Guanyin hall, a Ming Dynasty building in the center of the village, as the center, and T-shaped street as the longitude and latitude, which are located in the north, South and West. In front of Guanyin hall, there used to be a T-shaped square. There used to be a stone archway at the East, West and North intersections. The East archway is "Cihang Pudu", the West archway is "Fen River with lingering", and the North archway is "ancient and modern Jinjie". After the hall, the Tianchi Lake and the "Guanyin building" beside the water mirror each other, forming a quiet and elegant landscape. People are standing at the T-shaped street, with blue tile and gray walls scattered high and low, and deep houses with iron gates connected by each other.

In these buildings, decorative art has made great achievements. The residential decoration in Ming Dynasty was mainly based on color painting, with gray, white, blue and yellow as the basic colors, drawing patterns such as entwined lotus, chrysanthemum, flowers and birds, turtle pattern, etc. The carving of Dougong is mainly composed of "Haima Liuyun", "wuniuchuanyue", "magpie naomei", "double lion dance ball" and so on. The cutting technique is rough and clumsy, and the style is harmonious and steady. Wood carving is the main form of folk house decoration in Qing Dynasty, and its contents include works reflecting Confucianism, auspicious and festive, such as "Xi Lu Feng Hou", "Ma'an Ping'an", "Lian Lian You Xi", "Lian Zhong San Yuan", "Qilin Song Zi", "Red Phoenix and Chaoyang", "Jiqing Shuangyu", "Lu He Tong Chun", "Sanyang Kaitai", "Jie Beng contend", "Yu Qiao Geng Du", etc“ There are also traditional operas such as "Zhou Ren Xian Sao", "mother-in-law CI Zi", "Ningwu pass" which publicize loyalty and filial piety, and folk social fire contents such as "flying kite", "running bamboo horse", "Lion Dance", etc.

When you look at all kinds of relief carvings, openwork carvings, Yin carvings, Yang carvings, figures, birds and animals, flowers and plants, still life, single carvings, group carvings and serial carvings on the Dou Gong, Liang Fang, que Ti, LAN Er, men Mei, window lattice, shadow wall, plaque, pillar base, step stone, anvil stone and stepping stone, you will be intoxicated and forget to return. Dingcun residential building is a large-scale and well preserved residential building group of Ming and Qing Dynasties in northern China. It is an important material for studying the pattern, law, technique and art of northern folk buildings. It is also a residential building under the key protection of the state. It is precisely because these dwellings themselves are the crystallization of the wisdom of the people here and reflect the local folk customs concretely and vividly. Therefore, it is most appropriate to use them as part of the site and exhibition contents of the Folk Museum.

Collection

Dingcun folk custom museum occupies seven courtyards

Chinese PinYin : Ding Cun Min Su Bo Wu Guan