Qiongzhu Temple

Qiongzhu temple is located in Yuan mountain, seven kilometers away from Kunming city. It is surrounded by peaks, clouds and bamboo. It is the first temple where Zen Buddhism was introduced into Yunnan. Entering the mountain gate, there are four pines and cypresses. They are all relics of the Ming Dynasty. On the gate, there is a couplet: Lingshan, white elephant, green lion, rhinoceros and bamboo. There are three existing halls, built according to the mountain. In the center of the main hall is Yuansu III Buddha; on both sides of the hall are six rows of famous clay Arhats, each row has three floors, and the height is more than 1 meter. They are called five hundred Arhats of Qiongzhu temple. Actually, five hundred Arhats of fanyin Pavilion and tiantailai Pavilion on the opposite side of the hall must be added. They were carved by Li Guangxiu, a famous sculptor in Shu. From the ninth year to the 16th year of Guangxu period, they worked hard in the heat and cold of Qiyi. These statues are quite different from the general statues of gods in Qing Dynasty. It gets rid of the fixed pattern of shaping Buddha statues, highlights the typical character of the characters through religious themes, and shapes the image with strong personality by bold exaggeration. Some of them are just and angry, some are kind-hearted, some barefoot, some bare belly, some listen attentively, some have a heart to heart talk, some bow their heads and meditate, and some look at each other happily. They have different images and expressions. It is said that in order to make five hundred Arhats embody five hundred different personalities, every time in jiezitian, the provincial capital, the four masters and disciples had to go to Kunming to carefully observe the faces of the figures in the market, and then go back to process them, so that the clothes, looks and skin color of each statue were all natural. People have always praised the Luohan of Qiongzhu temple. People smell more than gods. That's why.

Qiongzhu Temple

Qi ó ng bamboo temple, located on Yuan mountain in the western suburb of Kunming, Yunnan Province, is 12 kilometers away from the urban area. It is the first temple of Chinese Zen Buddhism in Yunnan Province

. Qiongzhu temple was built in the Tang and Song dynasties. It was rebuilt twice during the reign of Emperor Qianlong and Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty

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The five hundred Arhats in Qiongzhu temple are divided into 68 on the two walls of the main hall, 216 in Tiantai laige and 216 in fanyin Ge. They were completed by Li Guangxiu, a clay sculptor in Sichuan Province in the Qing Dynasty, and five assistants. They took seven years (1883-1890). In the corner of the main hall, there is an imperial edict established in the third year of Yanyou reign of the Yuan Dynasty. The content of the edict is that xuanjian, the abbot of the temple, was granted the title of "head monk", asking the officials, the army and the people to protect him, and giving him the Tripitaka

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Qiongzhu temple is a national key temple in Han nationality area

The fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units

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Historical evolution

Qiongzhu temple was built in the Tang and Song dynasties.

At the beginning of the establishment of Qiongzhu temple, it was not valued by people. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, there were eminent monks and eloquent mages lecturing here, and their reputation gradually increased.

In 1419, Qiongzhu temple was destroyed by fire. In 1422, Musheng and Muang presided over the reconstruction of Qiongzhu temple, which was completed in 1428. It took six years to form a temple complex larger than that of Yuan Dynasty.

In 1620, he donated 667 volumes of scriptures from Jinling to the temple.

In 1662, the first year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, Qiongzhu temple was rebuilt, and Li guangzuo, a scholar, wrote the story of rebuilding Qiongzhu temple in Yuan mountain. In 1684, Cai Yurong, governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, rebuilt Qiongzhu temple.

From 1883 to 1890, monk mengfo, the abbot of Qiongzhu temple, invited the "Longchang Gang" and "Shudong Gang" ancient architecture maintenance craftsmen to rebuild the mountain gate, Tianwang hall, Daxiong hall, Huayan Pavilion, two wing rooms and paokuyu. Li Guangxiu, a master of clay sculpture, was hired from Hechuan County, Sichuan Province to remodel 500 Arhats with his disciples.

In 1983, Qiongzhu temple was designated by the State Council as the national key Buddhist temple in the Han area.

In April 1984, Huayan pavilion was destroyed in an accidental fire. In October 1989, with the support of the government and believers, Huayan pavilion was rebuilt with funds.

In 1985, Qiongzhu temple was handed over to the Buddhist community for management and use.

From December 25 to 26, 1990, the Abbot's ascension ceremony was solemnly held in Qiongzhu temple, and Mingdao elder was awarded the abbot of Qiongzhu temple. This is the first Abbot's ascension ceremony held in Kunming since the founding of the people's Republic of China.

In 1992, the main hall of Qiongzhu temple was restored. After two years, the architectural style of double eaves and bucket arches in Ming and Qing Dynasties was restored.

On October 12, 1994, the completion of the rebuilt hall and the opening ceremony of the Buddha statue were held in Qiongzhu temple in Kunming, Yunnan Province.

On June 25, 2001, Qiongzhu temple, as an ancient building of the Qing Dynasty, was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Architectural pattern

The building of Qiongzhu temple is built in the direction of the mountain. It adopts the east-west direction of the central axis and the layout of sitting West to East, forming a courtyard space with four entrances and three courtyards. At present, there are three courtyards in Qiongzhu temple. Along the central axis, they are: Shanmen, Daxiong hall and Huayan Pavilion. The left and right wing rooms of Tianwang hall are tiantailai Pavilion and fanyin Pavilion. The left and right wing rooms of Daxiong hall are zushi hall and Jialan hall. Other buildings include guest hall, Zhaitang, monk's room, Abbot's room, incense shop, corridor and so on. The master-slave relationship between the architectural groups of Qiongzhu temple is not only reflected in the size of the building plane, but also can be clearly distinguished from the roof color. The roofs of the buildings on the central axis are paved with yellow glazed tiles, which are dignified and generous, with extraordinary bearing, emphasizing the golden mean of "the venerable is in the middle". All buildings surrounding the central axis are laid with green tiles. The temple also goes against the traditional "straight to the point" layout. If you want to enter the temple, you have to go up a ramp slowly and bypass the courtyard wall before you can reach the mountain gate. The mountain gate and ramp form the leading part of the temple, which applies the technique of "desire to ascend first to suppress" to the layout of the building. There was a bell tower at the end of the ramp. By the middle of the Ming Dynasty, a drum tower was built opposite the bell tower, forming the architectural arrangement of the bell tower and the Drum Tower standing opposite each other.

Main attractions

Jade case mountain

Qiongzhu temple is located on Yuan mountain in the northwest of Kunming city. The jade case mountain is winding for more than ten li, with green peaks and deep forest valleys. In ancient times, it was one of the "six sceneries of dianyang". Yuan mountain is a Buddhist resort in Kunming. There are more than ten Buddhist temples around the mountain. When Zhang Qian was sent to the western regions, he saw Shu cloth and bamboo stick in the market of Daxia (Afghanistan). This bamboo stick is regarded as a famous export product of ancient Yunnan Guizhou Plateau. And the staff and the monks are inseparable. Therefore, taking "Qiongzhu" as the name of the temple is not only the portrayal of the dense bamboo scenery, but also the representative of Yunnan Buddhist temples.

main hall

Located behind the mountain gate, the main hall is about 20 meters long and 12 meters wide. When sculptors design group sculptures, they boldly use the combination of circle shape and collective marching line. They show their own magic power, ride the clouds, ride the leopard, jump forward, just like flowing water, creating a strong sense of dynamic. The whole Luohan hall has both single carving and group carving; it has a linear layout and a circular composition. It has various forms and can be used interactively to seek changes in unity. It is colorful and has a perfect overall effect. Moreover, their joys, sorrows and actions are just like the human world, that is, the flowers, sticks, whips and other props in their hands are mostly made from the nearby mountains, which are simple and natural.

In the corner of the main hall, there is an imperial edict established in the third year of Yanyou reign of the Yuan Dynasty. The content of the edict is that xuanjian, the abbot of the temple, was granted the title of "head monk", asking the officials, the army and the people to protect him, and giving him the Tripitaka.

Huayan Pavilion

After walking through the main hall, there is Huayan Pavilion. Huayan Pavilion is about 20 meters long and 10 meters wide. It is the only well preserved Dougong building in Kunming in the Qing Dynasty. It contains couplets written by Qian Nan and murals by Li Guangxiu. Unfortunately, it was destroyed by an accidental fire in April 1984. In October 1989, with the support of local government and believers, Qiongzhu Temple raised funds for reconstruction and held a grand "opening ceremony of Huayan Pavilion". The newly-built Huayan Pavilion maintains its original style and features. In the building, reinforced concrete is used to replace the original wooden structure. The double eaves, bucket arch, glazed tiles, carved wooden lattice doors and windows are built in imitation of the old style. The hall has two floors, covering a total area of more than 400 square meters. The middle of the lower layer is dedicated to the "three saints of Huayan" of white marble, and the upper layer is dedicated to the Buddha statue of Sakyamuni, a jade carving from Myanmar, about 2 meters high.

In the middle of Huayan Pavilion, there is a huge plaque of "Huayan Pavilion" written by Mr. Zhao Puchu.

Five hundred Arhats

At the invitation of Abbot monk mengfo, Li Guangxiu, a master of clay sculpture in Sichuan Province, and his disciples "Qiyi Hanshu" made the 500 Arhats with painstaking efforts and constant innovation.

Five hundred Arhats are listed in the main hall, fanyin Pavilion and Tiantai laige. Among them, there are 34 walls on both sides of the main hall and 68 walls in the main hall, which are roughly divided into two floors. There are peacock Daming King Bodhisattva and 58 Arhats in the middle hall of Tiantai laige, 75 in the left hall and 75 in the right hall, and 10 in the veranda, totaling 218. In the middle hall of fanyin Pavilion, there are five thousand hand Guanyin and fifty-seven Arhats. There are seventy-five on the left and seventy-five on the right, and ten on the veranda, totaling 217. In the two pavilions, Luohan is surrounded by three floors. The first and third floors are in sitting posture, about 1 meter high; the second floor is in standing posture, about 1.4 meters high. There are Arhats in the three halls

Chinese PinYin : Qiong Zhu Si