Qiangbarin Temple

Qiangbarin Temple

Qamdo qiangbarin temple is located at the confluence of angqu and Zhaqu rivers in Qamdo town. It is towering under the Hengduan Mountains and stands on the red soil layer cut by ancient glaciers. The temple was founded in 1444 by Xi Rao Songbu, a disciple of zongkaba. The main Buddha in the temple is Qiangba (Daci) Buddha, so the temple is named qiangbarin temple in Changdu.

brief introduction

The relationship between Changdu temple and the inland dynasties has always been very close. Since Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, the main living Buddhas in the temple have been canonized by emperors of all dynasties. There is still a bronze seal in the temple, which was awarded to the living Buddha pabala in May 58 of Kangxi. In the 56th year of Qianlong, Emperor Qianlong presented a plaque of "Zhuli Temple" to Changdu temple. Qiangbarin temple in Changdu has five living Buddha lineages, twelve ZHACANG, and more than 5000 monks at most. It also has jurisdiction over 70 small temples around it. The current Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), pabala gelilangjie, is the largest living Buddha in the temple and has been reincarnated to the 11th.

The main buildings of the temple are well preserved. There are hundreds of statues of various Buddhas and eminent monks, thousands of square meters of murals and numerous Thangka paintings in the Sutra hall. It can be said that it is a collection of the wisdom of skilled craftsmen in Changdu and represents the highest level in Changdu.

The "GuQing" Tiaoshen of qiangbarin temple is famous for its ferocious and lifelike mask, neat and elegant action modeling and grand scene. The Chengfu dance in the temple is neat and gorgeous in dress, simple and elegant in dance posture and simple in fittings. Changdu Tibetan opera, in the form of the temple's unique religious dance, has its own school in Tibet. The "Zhuo" dance performed by the lamas in the temple is unique.

Qiangbarin temple in Changdu is most worth seeing for its divine dance. It is a kind of divine dance performed during the annual butter Festival (around the Tibetan new year, about one month after the Gregorian new year). The performance is mainly composed of "GuQing" divine dance with grand action, grand scene, dancers wearing ferocious and lifelike masks and Yue dance with gorgeous costumes. It is enjoyed on the Tibetan Plateau A famous divine dance!

management style

The holiday form of the monks in qiangbarin temple is similar to that of the school. The winter vacation lasts for one month and the summer vacation lasts for two months. During the holidays, most of the monks have gone home, except for a small number of monks who maintain daily management and study in the temple.

It seems that the monks' practice is relatively loose, but actually the internal organizational structure of qiangbarin temple is very tight. At present, more than 1000 monks are divided into 13 classes. Class 1 is the highest in all classes. It is usually composed of highly respected monks who have been in the temple for more than 30 years. Many of them are "gexi" degree winners. Class 13 is basically a monk who has not been in the temple for a long time. Each class will also elect a monitor to be responsible for the daily management of the class.

In addition to dividing monks into 13 Scripture classes according to their years and practice progress, monks will also be divided into 9 ZHACANG classes in the temple. ZHACANG is an organization divided according to the different subjects of practice in temples. It has a fixed Buddha Hall, and the main Buddha in the temple is also different. At the same time, the number of monks under the jurisdiction of each ZHACANG is uneven. There are more than 400 monks in the large ZHACANG and less than 100 monks in the small ZHACANG.

geographical position

Qiangbarin temple is located on Mala mountain, Changdu Town, Changdu County, where the administrative office of Changdu district is located, close to the urban area. It is the largest temple in eastern Tibet, named after qiangbarin Buddha (Maitreya Buddha). Qiangbarin temple is one of the largest temples in Tibet with many monks, and it is one of the temples with the most monks in Tibet. Xiraosangbu, an apprentice of zugkaba of Gelug Sect of Tibetan Buddhism, presided over the construction in the 1930s;

It's about 1100 km from Lhasa to qiangbaring Temple (walking in the direction of Linzhi, for example, walking in the direction of Naqu, about 900 km); it's about 1170 km from Chengdu to Changdu (the South Sichuan Tibet line and the North Sichuan Tibet line are almost the same mileage); when you get to Changdu Town, you can climb up on foot (about 10 minutes), or take a taxi; the monks of qiangbaring Temple open their own hotels, and they can stay or go to the foot of the mountain Changdu to stay, 30-100 yuan can be done.

Human history

This temple, founded in the Ming Dynasty, was founded by zongkaba's disciples after he reformed Tibetan Buddhism. According to the regulations of Gelu sect, Changdu temple can have 2500 monks.

It is said that zongkaba, the guru of Gelug Sect, was on his way from Qinghai to Lhasa when he was 16 years old. When he passed the beautiful place where the two rivers meet, he predicted that it would be a place to carry forward Buddhism. Later, in 1444, it was built here by xirao sangbu, a late disciple of zongkaba, which lasted for eight years. When the temple was built, xilaosangbu went to a thousand households to preach Buddhist scriptures, and the thousand households dedicated their grassland to the site of the temple. It is said that sangdui ZHACANG, one of the five main ZHACANG in the temple, is the place where thousands of households set up yak tents.

When zongkaba entered Tibet in 1373 and passed through Changdu, he predicted that he would be able to promote Buddhism in this place in the future. Later, in 1437 ad (the second year of Ming Yingzong Zhengtong), Xi Rao sangbu, a disciple of zongkaba, proposed to build a temple on this eagle landing Rock Island between angqu and zaqu. The main Buddha in the temple was Qiangba (Daci) Buddha, so the temple was named qiangbarin temple in Changdu. The temple is the largest among the Gelu sect temples in Changdu area. It is divided into five ZHACANG: LinDui, Linmai, nulin, Kuqiu, jiarekaba and so on. The temple was once presided over by the famous eminent monks of Gelu sect, such as quwangzaba, chudunlangkabai, nianduichongzivajichonggazhaxi, and third dalaisolangjiacuo. This famous Qamdo qiangbarin Temple inherits the 13th Cambodian. Later, the temple was presided over by pabala III tongwatondan from generation to generation. By that time, the temple had 130 sub temples in Kham District, mostly concentrated in Changdu, Chaya, Basu, shuobandao, sangangqu and Bomi areas.

Because Changdu is located in the gateway of opening up Sichuan and Tibet, commercial activities have become the main occupation of the people in this area, which also affects the "sacred" temples. Therefore, monks not only recite sutras and Buddhism, but also engage in business. The interest earned by business in Changdu temple is distributed equally to the monks and paid by distributing butter, Zanba, tea and other daily necessities. At the end of the year, if there is any profit, it will be shared equally in the new year, regardless of the size. The murals, sculptures, buildings, scriptures and other art treasures and cultural relics in Changdu temple are similar to those in other parts of Tibet.

Of course, as one of the three great lords of old Tibet, the temple also occupied a lot of land and inevitably exploited serfs. Otherwise, those "Chiba", "Kanbu" and "living Buddha" will not be able to maintain a luxurious life. If you don't mention anything else, take the draught. The eminent monks of the temple built on the jiare dam, and the draught can go down to hundreds of feet of the river. There are 22 large copper pots for water in this temple. Each pot has to hold more than 100 barrels of water. Every day, 2500 monks have to rely on the people around the temple to support their drinking water. How many people died of exhaustion, starvation, falling into water and drowning in the river because of the steep levee! Changdu temple is known as "beautiful garden". However, the people living in this garden have to climb the steep slope and go down to the river to eat. In winter, the water level in the river is low, and dead livestock and garbage are floating in the upstream; in summer, mountain torrents break out, mud and sand are everywhere, and the river is muddy, with half a scoop of mud in a scoop of water. The Bodhisattva of "saving the suffering" did not bring us any sweet spring. But after liberation, the party and the people's government set up a water station in Changdu temple, which solved the big problem of drinking water for the monks and common people in Changdu.

Features of scenic spots

The temple is the largest among the Gelug Buddhist temples in Changdu area. It is divided into five ZHACANG: LinDui, nulin, Kuqiu, jiarekaba, etc. the temple was once presided over by the famous eminent monks of Gelug Sect, such as Xiangxiong quwangzaba, chudunlangkabai, nianduichong gonggazhaxi, and the third Dalai solongachuo. The famous qiangbarin temple in Changdu in this year carries the message of the 13th Cambodian. Later, the temple was presided over by pabala III tongwatundan from generation to generation. By that time, the temple had 130 sub temples in Kham District, mostly concentrated in Changdu, Chaya, Basu, shuobandou, sangangqu and Bomi areas.

The main buildings in the temple are well preserved, with exquisite Buddha statues, murals and Thangka. What is most worth seeing is its divine dance, which is performed during the annual butter Festival (around the Tibetan new year, about a month after the Gregorian new year). The performance is mainly composed of "GuQing" divine dance with grand action, grand scene, dancers wearing ferocious and realistic masks, and Yue dance with gorgeous costumes and simple dancing posture. This is a kind of divine dance which enjoys a high reputation on the Tibetan Plateau!

Architecture

The hall of qiangbarin temple is of Tibetan architectural style. The Tibet annals, which was written in 1792, states that qiangbarin Temple "faces east, with a golden roof, a tower and a courtyard, which is magnificent and also the best District in Kangxi district". There are tens of thousands of Buddha statues, cultural relics and a large number of Tibetan classics in qiangbarin temple. The period of the sixth and seventh pabala Living Buddhas was the peak of the temple. It had more than 130 sub temples under its jurisdiction, ranging from Dase in Jiangda in the East, to sangangqu in the south, to Tingduo in Bomi in the west, and to qiongbu Dingqing in the north.

The construction scale of qiangbarin temple is the largest in Kang District, with a construction area of about 500 mu. The main hall of qiangbarin temple is Dajing hall. Around Dajing hall, there are Dharma protection hall, Tara Hall (two), sutra defense court, gedorazhang, gadanpozhang, genrizachang, sandzhachang, duilangzhachang, jiejizhachang, nanzhuozachang, dequezhachang, kuoqinzhachang, cibaozhachang, cinizhachang

Chinese PinYin : Qiang Ba Lin Si