Funiu Mountain National Nature Reserve

Funiu Mountain National Nature Reserve is located in Xixia, Neixiang, Nanzhao, Luanchuan, song and Lushan counties of Henan Province, covering an area of 56024 hectares. The nature reserve is composed of six nature reserves: Heiyan Town, Laojieling, huangshi'an, Baotianman, Laojunshan, Longchiman and Shirenshan. The six reserves were established in 1980 and 1982 respectively with the approval of the people's Government of Henan Province. After planning adjustment, they formed a complete unity and were promoted to the national level in 1997. The main protected objects are natural broad-leaved forest ecosystem. The East-West trend of Funiu Mountain is the climatic division line of North subtropics and warm temperate zone in China, the dividing line between Palaearctic and Oriental animal divisions in China, and also the mosaic zone of plants in North China, central China and southwest China. It belongs to the transition zone of warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest and North subtropical evergreen deciduous mixed forest. The forest vegetation in the area is well preserved, with a forest coverage rate of 88%. It is a well preserved section of natural broad-leaved forest in north subtropical and warm temperate zone.

Funiu Mountain National Nature Reserve

Funiu Mountain National Nature Reserve is located in Xixia County, Neixiang County and Nanzhao County of Nanyang City, Henan Province, and Luanchuan county and Song County of Luoyang City, covering an area of 56024 hectares.

Funiu Mountain National Nature Reserve in Henan Province was established in December 1997 with the approval of the State Council. It belongs to the forest ecological type nature reserve. The main protected objects are the transitional zone comprehensive forest ecosystem, rare and endangered species, precious tree species and their living environment. Funiu Mountain National Nature Reserve is not only the boundary between subtropical and warm temperate zone in China, but also the watershed of Yangtze River, Yellow River and Huaihe River and the water source area of Huaihe River in China. It is also the largest natural forest area, the highest forest coverage rate, the largest forest stock, the richest species of animals and plants, the diversity of rare species, the integrity and stability of ecosystem, and has important protection value Value of nature reserves.

Historical evolution

Since ancient times, Funiu Mountain has been a natural barrier from the Central Plains to Nanyang Basin and into Jingchu area, and Sanya Road, an important ancient traffic road, runs through it. In history, Funiu Mountain is famous for its allusions to Zen master Tang Zizi. There is a biography of eminent monks in Song Dynasty, but it doesn't reach the Funiu miracle. According to my guess, the name of Funiu Mountain should be related to Zen master Zizi. The word "Fu Niu" is a common metaphor in Zen Buddhism. The word "Fu Niu" is used to describe the heart, and "Fu Niu" means to subdue the heart. "Fu Niu" is closely related to "freedom". This is the origin of the "ten oxen map" which is widely used in later generations to describe the process of practice. In the Ming Dynasty, Funiu Mountain was also known as monk soldiers. According to historical materials, Funiu monk soldiers were related to Shaolin monk soldiers, but the evidence is not strong enough.

In 1982, with the approval of the provincial people's government, five provincial nature reserves of Song County, Longchi man, Laojun Mountain, Shiren Mountain, Baotianman and Laojieling, were established on the basis of wumasi forest farm, Funiu Mountain National Nature Reserve, Laojun Mountain Forest Farm, Lushan forest farm, Qiaoduan forest farm and huangshi'an forest farm.

In February 1992, the former Ministry of forestry and the World Wide Fund for nature (WWF) identified Funiu Mountain as an area of national and global significance (A-level nature protection priority area). In October of the same year, it was also identified as the priority area of forest ecosystem nature protection.

In December 1997, with the approval of the State Council, the above five nature reserves were merged into one, and some forest areas of Nanzhao qiaotuan forest farm, Neixiang Wangou forest farm, Xixia huangshi'an forest farm and Songxian wumasi forest farm were included. Funiu Mountain National Nature Reserve (guohan 109) was established in Henan Province, covering a total area of 56000 hectares, mainly protecting forest ecosystems and wildlife.

geographical environment

position

Funiu Mountain National Nature Reserve is located in the West and southwest of Henan Province. Its geographical coordinates are 110 ° 30 ′ - 113 ° 05 ′ E and 32 ° 45 ′ - 34 ° 00 ′ n. It is a state-owned forest area with a total area of 56000 hectares.

landforms

Located in the west of Henan Province, China, Funiu Mountain is one of the mountains extending from the eastern part of Qinling Mountains. The mountain range is 250 Li Long and 40-70 km wide. The main ridge of the mountain range is about 1500 meters high, with a northwest southeast trend. It is the watershed of the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Yangtze river systems. The highest peak is 2212 meters. The rock strata are composed of gneiss, schist, marble and granite. The main research products are copper, lead, zinc and chromium. There are forests and grasslands in mountainous areas, forestry and animal husbandry development. The vegetation is vertically distributed according to the height, from deciduous broad-leaved forest at low altitude to shrub at high altitude.

Geological characteristics

1. Typicality of composite continental orogenic belt

The Qinling Mountains orogenic belt is a typical composite continental orogenic belt in the world, which plays an important role in the formation of the Chinese mainland and the evolution of the global crust. It is a key section to promote the development of continental dynamics in the field of international geosciences.

2. The integrity of granite landform type

The granite landscape of Funiu Mountain shows the relationship with orogeny and the specificity of tectonic development stage, especially the "arrow cluster peak" and "zigzag ridge" landforms of strongly emplaced granite, the "yanpanshan" landforms of intracontinental granite, the "wuxingshan" landscape of subducted granite, the "stacked stone" landscape of collisional granite and the "stone pillar" landscape of crust mantle mixed granite The landscape of "Linfeng" reflects the systematic integrity and uniqueness of granite geomorphic types in Funiu Mountain.

3. Karst cave landscape supplement

The karst cave landscape with "plastic rheology" structure as the main body is a new type of "Karst" landform, which represents the unique geological features of continental orogenic belt and reflects the heterogeneity of karst landscape in Funiu Mountain.

4. Systematization of river erosion landscape

Within an area of less than 500 square kilometers, Xiancheng River and Houzhi River are intertwined, Heyuan lake is associated with peneplain, waterfalls are nine cascades, and rivers and lakes are adjacent to ouxue, which represent the movement rhythm of continental orogenic belt and show the systematicness of river geomorphic types in Funiu Mountain.

5. The rarity of dinosaur egg fossils in the late Cretaceous

There are a large number of dinosaur egg fossils buried in the late Cretaceous Red Star basin, which are the most widely distributed, numerous, well preserved and diverse in the world. The unique Xixia long cylindrical egg and Gobi prismatic egg fossils in Funiu Mountain are rare in the world in terms of paleontological relics and natural history treasures.

Regional scope

The total area of Funiu Mountain National Nature Reserve is 56024hm ~ 2, of which the core area is 21024hm ~ 2, the buffer area is 5000hm ~ 2, and the experimental area is 30000hm ~ 2.

Protected objects

The main protected objects of Funiu Mountain National Nature Reserve are the transitional zone comprehensive forest ecosystem, rare and endangered species, precious tree species and their living environment.

The East-West trend of Funiu Mountain is the climatic division line of North subtropics and warm temperate zone in China, the dividing line of Palaearctic and Oriental animal division in China, and the mosaic zone of plants in North China, central China and southwest China. It belongs to the transition zone of warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest and north subtropical evergreen deciduous mixed forest. The forest vegetation in Funiu Mountain National Nature Reserve is well preserved, with a forest coverage rate of 88%. It is a well preserved section of natural broad-leaved forest in north subtropical and warm temperate zone. Due to the special geographical location, complex and diverse ecological environment and less human disturbance, the reserve has preserved abundant biodiversity resources.

plant resources

Funiu Mountain National Nature Reserve is rich in animal and plant resources, with relatively complete natural secondary vegetation and primary plant communities. It is the Zhongzhou plant seed resource repository and wildlife refuge. There are 31 national key protected plants in the area, such as Ginkgo biloba, Eucommia ulmoides, fragrant fruit tree, beech tree, wild soybean and Abies qinlingensis. There are many ancient relict plants, such as fragrant fruit tree, water green tree and so on. There are also many rare communities, such as fragrant fruit tree community, linchunmu community, Fraxinus mandshurica community and so on. There are dozens of endemic species in Henan, such as Dendrobium, Populus Funiu, clematis, Carpinus, delphinium and Athyrium.

Animal resources

There are 48 species of national key protected animals in Funiu Mountain National Nature Reserve, including leopard, musk deer, golden cat and jackal, some of which are new to Henan Province. There are also a large number of unknown insects in the reserve, which is a unique insect treasure to be explored.

Legend

It is said that in the Qin Dynasty, there were many Chinese people and little land. In some places, they had to pile soil on stone slabs to grow crops,

The food harvested is far from meeting people's needs, and many poor people often suffer from hunger. However, the government is either arresting men or seizing money and food. The people have no way to live, and there are rebels everywhere.

A treacherous official in the court came up with a crooked idea and went to the court and said, "emperor, there are so many people in the world who are easy to have right and wrong. It's better to kill more crafty people. If there are fewer people, there will be enough food, and the people will not rebel. " When Qin Shihuang heard this, he thought it was reasonable, so he sent someone to cast a ten thousand catty iron ox, and asked the officers and soldiers to pull the iron ox to the people's home. He also stipulated that the iron ox should be pushed to the people's home within three days

Chinese PinYin : Fu Niu Shan Guo Jia Ji Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu