Jigong Mountain Scenic Spot

Jigong Mountain, located in the south of Xinyang City, Henan Province, is a national key scenic spot, National Nature Reserve and 4A scenic spot. It is a famous summer resort in Central China. It is different from some other famous mountains. Most of the famous mountains in China were developed earlier and were very famous in ancient times. Many of them were also Buddhist or Taoist resorts. Jigong Mountain was developed in the early 20th century. Jigong Mountain is the branch of Dabie Mountain. The main peak, jigongtou, is also known as baoxiaofeng. It is like a cock crowing high, so it is named Jigong Mountain. Jigong Mountain has the reputation of "Qingfen Chu Yu, qiqisongheng". Historically, it is known as China's four major summer resorts together with Lushan, Beidaihe and Moganshan. It has unique natural landscape. "Buddha light, sea of clouds, Wusong, Yusong, Xiaguang, exotic flowers and plants, strange peaks and rocks, waterfalls and springs" are known as the eight natural landscapes of Jigong Mountain.

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Jigongshan National Nature Reserve

Jigong Mountain, located in Xinyang City, Henan Province, to the east of Tongbai mountain and the westernmost of Dabie Mountain, is one of the four major summer resorts in China, and one of the first batch of eight scenic spots opened to the outside world in New China. The first batch of Jigong Mountain is listed as one of the 44 national key scenic spots in China. Jigong Mountain is a national nature reserve with dense forests and rich biological resources, which has a national key scenic spot To protect animals and plants, such as giant salamander, long tailed pheasant, fragrant fruit tree, etc., it is the teaching and scientific research base of Henan agriculture and forestry, Normal University, medicine and other universities.

Jigong Mountain has the reputation of "Qingfen Yuchu, Jinjie Sanjiang". It is known as "Buddha light, sea of clouds, rime, rain song, Xiaguang, exotic flowers and plants, strange peaks and rocks, waterfalls and springs". There are architectural complexes of different countries and styles in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. It is also known as "Museum of architecture of all nations". It is the first public concession in Chinese history.

In January 2016, Jigongshan National Nature Reserve was criticized and rectified by the quality rating committee of Henan Province.

On October 18, 2019, Jigongshan National Nature Reserve was selected into the list of the 5th China forest oxygen bar in 2019.

geographical environment

geographical position

Jigongshan National Nature Reserve, 38 km south of Xinyang City, Henan Province, is located at 114 ° 01 ′ - 114 ° 06 ′ E and 31 ° 46 ′ - 31 ° 52 ′ n, covering an area of 2917 hectares. The East and West Tongbai mountains and Dabie Mountains are adjacent to each other, and the mountains and rivers are connected. It is a transitional zone from subtropical zone to south temperate zone. It is located in the North-South watershed of China. The main protected objects are subtropical forest vegetation transition types and vegetation types Rare wild animals and plants. Jigong Mountain scenic spot, which is famous for "cloud Park", is one of the four summer resorts in China. The Wanguo architectural villa group on Jigong Mountain is known as the world architectural mountain collection and Wanguo architectural museum.

Geology and geomorphology

The Geotectonics of Jigongshan Nature Reserve is located in Tongbai mountain and Dabie Mountain fold belt in the eastern part of Qinling fold system. The geological structure evolution has the characteristics of multi cycle spiral unbalanced development. The main structure is fault, followed by fold. The rocks in the area are mainly Jigongshan migmatite and Lingshan composite granite batholith.

The main mountain system of Jigongshan Nature Reserve is basically distributed on the boundary of Henan Province and Hubei Province, with a nearly East-West trend. The south main peak is baoxiaofeng, also known as jigongtou, with an altitude of 768m; the north main peak is palizhai, with an altitude of 811m; the west main peak is wangfulao, with an altitude of 533.6m; the east main peak is guangshishan, with an altitude of 830m. The relative elevation difference of the whole area is 400-500m, the gully cutting depth is generally 300-400M, and the elevation of erosion base level is 100m. Because of the steep dip angle of the attitude of the mass in the area, the erosion of surface runoff is strong, the gully is deeply cut, and the slope of the hillside is more than 30 degrees. The mountains have clear longitude and latitude, and the valleys are densely distributed. Because the river cuts the mountain horizontally, a series of deep valleys, canyons and horizontal mountains are formed.

climate

Jigongshan Nature Reserve is located in the edge of the north subtropical zone and the shallow mountain area at the western end of the Dabie Mountains in Huainan. Influenced by the East Asian monsoon climate, it has the characteristics of the transition from the north subtropical to the warm temperate monsoon climate and mountain climate. There are four distinct seasons, light, heat and water at the same time. In spring, the temperature changes greatly, in summer it is hot and rainy, in autumn it is cool and the temperature difference is small, in winter it is cold and rainy and snowy. If the average temperature is used to divide the four seasons, the winter and summer seasons are 125 days and 115 days respectively, and the spring and autumn seasons are 65 days and 60 days respectively. The annual average solar radiation of Jigong Mountain is 4928.70mj/cm2, the total sunshine hours is 2063.3 hours, and the sunshine percentage is 47%. The annual average temperature is 15.2 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 40.9 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 20.0 ℃, and the daily average temperature is 4881.0 ℃. The frost free period is 220 days. The annual average precipitation is 1118.7mm. The air dryness is 0.84. It belongs to the north subtropical humid climate zone.

hydrology

The main mountain system of Jigong Mountain is nearly East-West or north-west, and the terrain is generally high in the South and low in the north. The main mountain system is the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River. The dongshuanghe River and Jiudu River in the north of the mountain system flow into the Shihe River and then into the Huaihe River; the huanshui River and Dawu River in the south of the mountain system flow into the Hanshui River and then into the Yangtze river. Jigong Mountain has abundant rainfall, many springs and abundant water resources. It is said that "a shower in the mountain, a hundred springs in the forest".

natural resources

Botany

Jigong Mountain is located in the northern slope of Dabie Mountains, which is the transition zone from subtropical to temperate zone. The vegetation belongs to the flora of central China of Pan Arctic flora and China Japan forest flora, which is mainly composed of subtropical plants and warm temperate plants. The zonality of vegetation is a typical transition from evergreen broad-leaved forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest in north subtropical zone to deciduous broad-leaved forest in warm temperate zone.

There are 2260 species of plants in 915 genera of 251 families in Henan Province, including 2036 species of vascular plants in 784 genera of 193 families.

Vegetation types

The vegetation in Jigongshan Nature Reserve belongs to Tongbai mountain, Dabie Mountain and hilly pine oak forest in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest area, which has the nature of transition from north subtropical to warm temperate zone. The structure of forest vegetation is tree, shrub and grass. The arbor layer can be divided into two sub layers. The constructive and constructive species are Quercus variabilis, Quercus acutissima, Pinus massoniana, Liquidambar formosana, Dalbergia odorifera, Acer truncatum, etc. The dominant tree species in the understory shrub layer were Piper nigrum, Rhus chinensis, Rhododendron, Rhododendron, Lespedeza, Vitex negundo, etc. The dominant species of herbaceous layer are Qiumi grass, dajinjiju, Bupleurum chinense, Boehmeria boehmeriana, exospermum, etc.

The natural vegetation in Jigongshan Nature reserve accounts for 60% of the total area. The vegetation can be divided into 11 main types

1、 Evergreen coniferous forest mainly includes Pinus massoniana forest, Pinus taiwanensis forest, Cunninghamia lanceolata Forest and Cryptomeria fortunei forest.

2、 Deciduous coniferous forest mainly includes Taxodium forest, Metasequoia glyptostroboides forest and Larix gmelinii forest.

3、 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests mainly include masson pine, Pinus taiwanensis, Quercus acutissima and Quercus variabilis.

4、 Evergreen broad-leaved forest, mainly Cyclobalanopsis glauca oak forest.

5、 Evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests are mainly the mixed forests of Cyclobalanopsis glauca and Pistacia chinensis, Zelkova schneideriana, Huaxiang and Dalbergia odorifera, and the mixed forests of Cinnamomum tomentosa and Zingiber officinale, Magnolia microphylla and Leucaena leucocephala.

6、 Deciduous, evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest, mainly Quercus variabilis, Quercus acutissima and Cyclobalanopsis glauca mixed forest.

7、 Deciduous broad-leaved oak forest mainly includes Quercus acutissima, Quercus variabilis, Quercus alba and Quercus Quercus.

8、 Deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest mainly consists of Huaxiang, Dalbergia, Liquidambar formosana, Magnolia microphylla, Pistacia chinensis, Acer truncatum, etc.

9、 Bamboo forest mainly includes Phyllostachys pubescens forest, Cinnamomum odoratum forest and Xinyang water bamboo forest.

10、 Evergreen shrubs, mainly tea and Camellia oleifera shrubs.

11、 Deciduous shrub, mainly composed of Rhododendron, forsythia, Vitex negundo, Lespedeza, Piper nigrum, Rhododendron.

animal

There are 258 species of terrestrial vertebrates in 69 families of 28 orders, including 15 species of amphibians, 28 species of reptiles, 170 species of birds and 45 species of mammals. There are more than 10 species of plants and 29 species of animals, including 27 species of birds and animals and 2 species of amphibians and reptiles. Among them, the national key protected animals and plants are giant salamander, long tailed pheasant, fragrant fruit tree, etc.

Human history

Historical evolution

ancient

In ancient times, Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang joined forces to pursue Chiyou, the leader of the Jiuli nationality, at the foot of Jigong Mountain. It has been more than 4600 years since then. During the spring and Autumn period, the famous generals of Wu state, such as Sun Wu and Wu Zixu, led their troops to rush from east to west to seize the "Yiyang three passes" around Jigong Mountain, such as Jiuli pass, wusheng pass and Pingjing pass, and then sent their troops south to occupy Ying, the capital of Chu state.

According to the record of Jigong Mountain in Li Daoyuan's shuijingzhu zhunshuikao, a famous geographical work in ancient China, the water comes out of Jichi mountain, and the stream flows along the river. It is also called Jiudu Yan. Jiqishan is Jigong Mountain, jiudushui is Jiuqu River, which is located at the West foot of Jigong, flows to the northwest and flows into Huaihe River.

In 638 A.D., Li Shimin led the imperial family and the Minister of culture and military to visit Jiangnan. He passed by Li Jiazhai (at the foot of Jigong Mountain). The princess fell ill and died. She was buried here. There is also the site of Huanggu tomb. In addition, there are many revolutionary sites in lijiazhai, such as the slogan of the ninth Red Army, the hospital of the new Fifth Division, the former site of the ordnance factory and so on. From 876 to 880 A.D., Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao had twice passed the three passes to get Yiyang. Yue Fei, a national hero, captured the three passes of Yiyang in May 1134 and sent General Niu Gao to guard them.

Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was defeated in the battle. He once stationed troops in shannangou deep in the dense forest of Jigong Mountain to recuperate. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen came to Jigong Mountain to collect herbs.

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