Deanley

Located in the southeast of Hongyang Town, Puning City, Guangdong Province, de'anli is the mansion of Fang Yao, the commander of Guangdong Navy in Qing Dynasty. It was first built in 1871, and was built in 20 years. It is divided into three parts: "old village", "middle village" and "new de'anli". Building pattern: the old village is commonly known as "a hundred birds to the Phoenix", the middle village and the new de'anli are "four horse trailer", the three villages are connected, with 773 houses and a huzhai river outside, covering an area of more than 63000 square meters and a construction area of 32000 square meters. It is a rare large mansion style building group in Guangdong Province.

Deanley

Located in the South Village of Hongyang Town, Puning City, Guangdong Province, de'anli is a family village jointly built by Guangdong navy commander, famous general Fang Yao and his brothers in the late Qing Dynasty. It is the largest, most complete and long-standing huge mansion style building group in Chaoshan area, and also a rare mansion style ancient village in China.

General situation

It was built in 1871 and completed in the 16th year of Guangxu. It has a history of more than 140 years. The whole de'anli is divided into "old village", "middle village" and "new village", covering an area of 63000 square meters and a construction area of 32000 square meters. There are living room, ancestral hall, Buddhist hall, study, bedroom, dining room, storehouse, attic, gatehouse in the village, square in front of the village, back garden, lotus pond, gate of the village and enclosure. Outside the enclosure, there is huzhai River, with a total of 773 houses. The large scale, fine construction and beautiful modeling of the whole building can be called a wonderful work of architectural art.

Householder

Fang Yao is a sage of Chaozhou and the founder of the ancient village of de'anli. His biography of Chaozhou sages, compiled by Rao Zongyi, a famous master of traditional Chinese culture, was dedicated to his biography. Fang Yao was born in Hongyang West Village of Puning County in 1834. Fang Yaoguan went to Guangdong Navy. There were six brothers. Fang Yao and his fourth brother Fang Xun were military officers in the Qing Dynasty. Other brothers were also granted by the Qing Dynasty. Fang Yao made his fortune by suppressing the remnants of the Taiping army. Because he was brave and good at fighting, he was praised as the "brave general" in the draft of the history of the Qing Dynasty, and was given the title of "Zhanyong batulu" by the Qing government. During his term as commander-in-chief of Chaozhou, he "cleared the countryside to handle accumulated cases" and punished more than 3000 bandits, which was "Mr. Fang managed to clear the countryside" that played a great role in the stability of Chaozhou and Shantou. In DAHAO District of Shantou City, Fang Yao eliminated the local underworld forces by means of "Enlightenment" and eliminated the social security unrest caused by gang fighting, which won popular support. Because of the local people's gratitude for Fang Yao's achievements in rectifying social order, the "Fang Da Gong Temple" built by the local people is still popular. Among Fang Yao's many achievements, the most praiseworthy one is his emphasis on education. During his term as commander in chief of Chaozhou, he supervised dozens of academies, hundreds of rural schools and private schools. Fang Yao also set up Hanjiang publishing house to print books, raise money to build Xi Zi Bao Wen society, and hire two people to collect writing paper every year, clean and incinerate them, and bury them in the ashes of writing paper, so as to show that he cherishes writing, adores literature and patriots, civilizes the people, and turns the fierce wind into poetry. In addition, Fang Yao also built dikes to dredge rivers, built water conservancy projects, and set up troops to reclaim land and reclaim land from the sea to benefit the people. In 1883, the Sino French war broke out. Fang Yao garrisoned in Qinzhou and served as the commander of the coast defense army. The next year, he acted as the commander of Guangdong Navy and stationed in Humen. He discussed with the governor to organize defense, transforming Weiyuan and the upper and lower rungs into new drill positions, personally patrolling the harbor and drawing pictures, and dispatching generals and schools to garrison at the junction of Guangdong and Guangxi. He was strict in military management, generous and sensitive, and good at employing people. Shaobao Peng Yulin came to Guangdong to inspect the defense. After returning to Beijing, he played to the imperial court and said, "there is Fang Yao in Guangdong, but you can have a high pillow." Due to Fang Yao's strong defense, timely reinforcement, and good defense, Empress Dowager Cixi rewarded the Empress Dowager with wearing yellow mandarin jacket and Hualing, purse, money, etc., and the word "Fu" written by the Empress Dowager. After the Sino French war ended in 1885, Fang Yao was promoted from acting commander-in-chief of Guangdong navy to practical commander-in-chief. On July 7, 1891, Fang Yao died of heatstroke on the march in Jiangpu at the age of 58. The Qing Dynasty said in the sacrificial ceremony that "only if you have a pure and good nature can you be competent". The evaluation of Fang Yao in the draft of the history of Qing Dynasty is as follows: "he is good at fighting and planning bravely, especially good at managing robbers. The people praise him a lot, so he wrote it together."

Fang Yao was the commander of Guangdong Navy in the late Qing Dynasty. He made an important contribution to resist the invasion of foreign powers. His idea of loyalty to the monarch and patriotism deeply influenced generations of soldiers. Fang Yao was not only a military man, but also an active promoter and practitioner of culture and education in Chaoshan area. He advocated the establishment of academies and schools, and he created "cherish the word Baowen society" to respect culture and promote the society It is our duty to develop civilization. It's been passed down from generation to generation. All along, de'anli has continued Fang Yao's spirit of attaching importance to culture and education, edifying and shaping people's quality and soul with strong scholarly and artistic atmosphere.

architectural style

The architecture of de'anli is a complete collection of Chaoshan residential buildings: ancestral hall, three halls, five rooms, four points, xiashanhu, Sima trailer, five walls, one legged lion, etc. We can see the rare architectural forms in Chaoshan.

The whole building group of de'anli is composed of three parts. Each part is an independent, complete and characteristic building group. There are one group of "hundred birds towards the Phoenix" and two groups of "Sima Trailer". Each group has several independent modeling structures, each with its own characteristics and organically connected buildings. The old village and the middle village of de'anli face east in the west, and the new village faces south in the north. The architectural pattern of the old village is "a hundred birds towards the Phoenix", while the architectural pattern of the middle village and the new village is "Sima Trailer". The architectural form has maintained the characteristics of Chaoshan village in the late Qing Dynasty, and there are foreign style buildings in the village, which are inherited and developed. Although de'anli has experienced great changes, its overall architecture is well preserved. Its large scale, fine architecture, complete style and beautiful modeling can be regarded as a wonderful work of Chaoshan architectural art. With its rare architectural layout and unique design style, it has been included in the civil architecture textbook of the Architecture Department of South China University of technology.

A hundred birds

origin

According to the research of Guangdong Folk Artists Association, de'anli was built in 1871. Fang yaokai, who was then commander-in-chief of Chaozhou, and his brothers built the old village of de'anli in his hometown Hongyang. Fang Xun, the fourth brother of Fang Yao, presided over the planning of the middle village and built the main ancestral hall. More than ten years later, all the 20 sons adopted by Fang Yao have already got married. The old village can no longer accommodate them, so a new one was built. Later, relying on Fang Yaowei's only son, thirteen son Tingzhen built a "Fang's family temple" on the east side of Xinzhai to worship his mother, Yu Shoukun. Later, because of the brother's dissuasion, his mother did not enter the temple. By the 16th year of Guangxu, the construction of the whole village took nearly 20 years.

course

Traditional Chinese architecture has the concept of "gentlemen build palaces, ancestral temples first, and the birthplace of their ancestors, and all the tribes are based on this". According to Chaozhou Fu Zhi, Chaozhou people "build palaces first with ancestral temples, follow the patriarchal clan system, and worship food and land". Therefore, the three villages in de'anli are centered on the grand ancestral temple, and other buildings are built around the grand ancestral temple in order, forming such a pattern: on the left and right sides of the grand ancestral temple are small ancestral temples, followed by fire lane and cuobao (Baowu), which protect the grand ancestral temple from three sides, surrounded by overlapping "xiashanhu" and "sidianjin", and finally by solid walled villages.

De'anli covers an area of 59000 square meters, with a construction area of 32000 square meters. There are 773 official halls, ancestral halls, Buddhist halls, study rooms, restaurants, warehouses and attics in the village. With its rare architectural layout and unique design style, de'anli has been included in the civil architecture textbook of the Architecture Department of South China University of technology. It is also a complete collection of Chaoshan residential buildings, including bungalows, xiashanhu, sidianjin, wutingtong, and one legged lion Rare architectural forms in other places can be seen here. De'anli is also a museum of Lingnan architectural decoration art.

Around the main building, the ancestral hall in the old village of de'anli is just one hundred houses, commonly known as "hundred birds Chaohuang". The architectural pattern of Zhongzhai and Xinzhai is the "Sima Trailer", the traditional residence of Chaoshan. The ancestral hall in the middle symbolizes the "car", and the secondary buildings on the left and right sides symbolize the "horse" of the trailer. In this way, the ancestors and ancestors sitting on the "car" are dragged by the descendants who live on both sides and symbolize the "horse", and boom from ancient times.

drainage system

Drainage system of "nine turns and eighteen bends"

significance

The architecture of de'anli is a combination of art and science, the most typical of which is the drainage system of the village. They take the traditional way of open ditch, through the "nine turns and eighteen bends" flow direction, and finally into the Zhaiqian River, through the Baili bridge, into the Rongjiang river. The drainage system of de'anli has another feature: whether the water flows from the patio or from the tributary into the middle ditch, then into the big ditch, the water flows from the middle. Water from the middle of the line is "reproduction", which is intended to continue to reproduce for thousands of years.

application

Villagers in de'anli pay attention to environmental protection and do not dump domestic waste into the ditch. There was no toilet in the old houses built in the past, and the drainage ditch in the village was an open ditch. According to the old custom, every household used the toilet (commonly known as "old pot") to hold feces, and poured them into the toilet pool outside the village as agricultural fertilizer. After a rainy day, the green grass in the village is covered with a layer of fungi. Its thickness is almost the same as that of soaked agaric. Villagers call it "ghost saliva". After washing, add a little oil to mix it with lettuce and fry it until it is ready to eat. It can be seen that people in de'anli live in harmony with nature.

Chinese PinYin : De An Li