Cao Cao's way of carrying troops

Cao Cao's Yunbing road is located under the main street in the old city of Bozhou City, with dayuzhou as the center, extending in all directions and reaching the outside of the city respectively. The whole tunnel is crisscrossed in longitude and latitude; the layout is mysterious and varied; the three-dimensional distribution is complex; the scale is grand and the project is huge; it is more than 4000 meters long. It is the earliest and largest underground military battle path ever discovered.

Cao Cao's way of carrying troops

Cao Cao Yunbing Road, also known as Cao Cao cangbing Road, is located under the main street in the old city of Bozhou City, Anhui Province, with dayushou as the center, extending in all directions to the outside of the city. It is the oldest and most complete underground military facility in China.

Cao Cao's military transportation road consists of two parts: qiaowanglou and ancient tunnel. The whole tunnel is crisscrossed in longitude and latitude; the layout is subtle and varied; the three-dimensional distribution is complex; the scale is grand and the project is huge. More than 8000 meters have been found, which far exceeds the value of a complete ancient city on the ground. It is known as the "underground Great Wall". On June 25, 2001, Cao Cao Yunbing road was listed as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

In February 2016, Caocao underground yunbingdao scenic spot in Bozhou City was rated as national AAAA scenic spot.

Development history

Initial construction

Yunbing road was built at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. It was an underground military war Road specially built by Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei Dynasty, for his military needs. Because it was originally used to transport soldiers, it was called "Cao Cao Yunbing road".

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, it was repaired many times, but it was still used as a military war road. Because it involved military secrets, no one knew it except senior generals, so there were few historical records.

In 1240, the fourth year of Jiaxi reign in the Southern Song Dynasty, the Yellow River burst, the city of Bozhou was flooded, and the military transportation road was blocked. Since then, it has been buried for more than 700 years and has not been found.

In 1841, the Yellow River flooded south for eight months. Henan and Anhui were seriously affected. Bozhou City was flooded and Yunbing road was deeply buried again.

to be delivered from oppression

In 1938, Cao Cao's underground military transportation route was first discovered.

In 1969, in response to Mao Zedong's call of "digging deep and accumulating grain extensively", the masses of the whole city took part in digging underground air raid shelters. Ancient underground roads were found in four streets (the original Simen Street) in the old urban area, namely Renmin East, Renmin West, Renmin South and Renmin north, with a length of nearly 8 kilometers.

In 1970, Ying Zhishu, then president of the Academy of Military Sciences, came to inspect the ancient tunnel and reported to Premier Zhou Enlai about the situation, which was paid attention to by Premier Zhou. In the same year, Liang Sicheng was sent to the hospital, but Liang Sicheng's condition worsened and he was unable to go.

In 1999, Wen Jiabao, then Vice Premier of the State Council, visited Bozhou and visited Cao Cao's Yunbing road.

In June 2001, it was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council.

In July 2004, Yunbing road was damaged to a certain extent due to the long-term damage of municipal drainage system to underground leakage. Underground military transport road was forced to stop opening to the outside world for emergency repair.

In 2009, the renovation and upgrading project of Cao Cao underground Yunbing road was officially launched, mainly including the renovation and expansion of the entrance and exit of Yunbing road and the promotion of tourism capacity of Yunbing road. Expand the ground space, set up parking lot, entrance square and other facilities, and improve the lighting, oxygen supply, drainage and leakage prevention works inside the tunnel.

In September 2015, the reconstruction project of the entrance of the underground military transportation road was successfully completed. Qiaowanglou was built at the exit of Yunbing Road near the original qiaowanglou site. On September 6, qiaowanglou officially opened to welcome guests.

In February 2016, Caocao underground yunbingdao scenic spot in Bozhou City was rated as national AAAA scenic spot.

In December 2016, a 36 meter "command area" tunnel was newly found in the maintenance process of Cao Cao underground military transportation road in Bozhou.

In January 2017, as an important part of Bozhou ancient city cultural tourism area, Cao Cao underground Yunbing road declared AAAAA scenic spot.

In May 2017, Li Zhaoxing, former Foreign Minister of China, visited Cao Cao's underground military transportation road.

In July 2018, four new entrances and exits were added to Cao Cao underground Yunbing Road, including the exit of parking lot, the junction with laoyunbing Road, Qianlong Pavilion and Beimen street.

Architectural pattern

Structure and scale

The existing Yunbing road was not built and used in the same Dynasty, so the structure was different, the width was different, and the height was different. There are four kinds of ancient tunnel structures: the first is the civil structure of Han and Tang Dynasties, that is, the earth road and wooden roof. This kind of tunnel was built in the early period; the second kind is brick soil structure, that is, the brick top of the tunnel; the third kind is brick wood structure, that is, the brick top of the tunnel. This kind of structure is often interwoven with brick soil structure, brick, soil and wood coexist, and there is no law; the fourth kind is muddy brick structure in song and Yuan Dynasties, that is, all brick masonry, which is the most common structure in the existing ancient tunnel It can be divided into three parts: Brick coupon, brick wall and brick plastering. Brick coupon is generally arched or herringbone. Brick walls are tunnel walls, which are usually built with single bricks, some with single bricks and others with single bricks standing. Most of the bricks are made of single-layer brick cross pattern, and the floor of the command room in Dayu head is made of brick and cushion.

Formal style

Cao Cao's underground military transportation road, centered on dayushou in the city, extends to four gates and is made of green bricks, with a total length of more than 8000 meters. There are four forms of ancient underpass: one-way road, parallel two-way road, upper and lower two-story road and interchange road. One way street is the main channel for transporting soldiers, with the height of 1.7m to 2.1m and the width of 0.6m to 0.9m. Every other distance, there are square or vertical rectangular niches on the upper end of the road wall for placing oil lamps. Above the top of the ticket, there is an air hole which is directly connected to the ground. This kind of air hole can also be used as a temporary entrance in case of emergency. Parallel double lane refers to two one-way streets about 3 meters apart, which extend in the same direction. Two roads can be used at the same time. In order to facilitate the two roads to communicate with each other and transfer information, square communication holes are left on the wall near each other, so that the two tunnels can be connected with each other, which is convenient to use and has good sound transmission effect. The upper and lower floors of the tunnel are the tunnels which are separated into the upper and lower floors by bricks. Generally, the upper floor of the tunnel is lower. The above four forms of tunnels crisscross and connect with each other.

Internal facilities

There are war relics in the ancient tunnel. There are many kinds of military facilities in the tunnel, such as cat ear hole, barrier voucher, barrier wall, trap, trip leg board, command room and so on. Cat ear holes are mainly distributed on both sides of the one-way street, large or small, and there is no uniform specification. Barrier ticket is one of the common barriers in ancient tunnels. It is mainly set up in one-way streets. If the top of the barrier ticket is suddenly lowered, people who are not familiar with the internal environment of the road will be hit with their heads and blood if they don't pay attention. The barrier wall is located at the "t" turning point in the road. At one end of the tunnel, there is a brick wall which is wide at the bottom and narrow at the top, so that people's activities are limited here. The trap is located under the one-way road. If you suddenly lower the ground, you will fall down, break the skin, or sprain. The trip leg board is set in the East-West one-way road at Dayu head. The board is horizontally stuck in the slot at the lower end of the road wall. People will trip if they don't pay attention to it. The command room is located 20 meters north of the upper and lower Road on the west side of Dayu head. It is of brick and wood structure, and the plane is in the shape of "string".

unearthed relic

There are a lot of cultural relics unearthed in Yunbing Road, including relics of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms, the Tang and Song Dynasties, military instruments such as iron knives, iron swords, bullets, iron nails and holding pieces, bronze mirrors, iron lamps, porcelain cups and ceramics used for daily life, go pieces used for entertainment and leisure, and copper coins used for shopping.

Use of military transport road

According to historical records, Cao Cao used tunnel tactics to win wars many times. When he failed in his campaign against Dong Zhuo, Cao Cao led his troops back to his hometown in an attempt to make a comeback. However, because of his few major generals, Cao Cao made a surprise victory in order not to expose his weakness. The underground military defense war road built by Cao Cao Cao in his hometown, that is, the ancient underground road of Bozhou, secretly sent a small number of soldiers out of the city from the tunnel and went back to the city From outside the city into the city, repeatedly, confuse the enemy, surprise victory.

Cultural relic value

Military: the discovery of Cao Cao's underground military transportation road is a vivid case of ancient tunnel warfare, and also a historical witness of the victory of few over many. Yunbingdao confuses the enemy with its complex and changeable tunnel types. The lighting, ventilation and trap of the tunnel are set precisely and reasonably, with both offensive and defensive functions. It is a large underground military facility integrating command, defense, troop transportation and interception. Cao Cao's military transportation road meanders and extends under the ground. It seems endless and crisscross, just like an underground Great Wall, which is very spectacular.

Culture: shangdaozhan was first used in the Warring States period, while Cao Cao's military transportation was an inheritance of the traditional Chinese culture and a reverence for the ancient wisdom. The underground military transportation road has a long history and is the most complete underground large-scale military facilities. It is also the crystallization of the wisdom of the ancient Han working people and the collection of ancient tunnel tactics. It far exceeds the value of a complete ancient city preserved on the ground and is later known as the "underground long City". In 1999, he was the Minister of state

Chinese PinYin : Cao Cao Yun Bing Dao