Lin Zexu's destructed opium and Humen Fort site

Lin Zexu's destructed opium and Humen Fort site

Lin Zexu destructed opium and Humen Fort site, located in Jiefang Road, Humen, Guangdong, 113, Jiefang Road, is composed of Lin Zexu tobacco collection pool, Humen fort, Jingyuan fort, Sha Jiao battery, Weiyuan battery, etc., and so on. The Dongguan tobacco tower is destructed opium.

In China imperial envoy Lin Zexu built a smoking pool in nineteen years (1839), and presided over the destruction of large opium destroyed in the pool. The fort was located on the two sides of the Pearl River Estuary in Humen, and the Qing Dynasty was twenty years (1840). The British launched an opium war in Guangdong against China. The destructed Opium War in Humen was also a major problem. On February 25, 1841, the 21st year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, the British army attacked Humen. The commander of Guangdong Navy, such as commander Guan Tianpei, led the army to fight bravely.

In 1982, Lin Zexu's destructed opium station and Humen Fort site were approved as the second batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Historical evolution

Lin Zexu's destructed opium pond is in the mouth village of Humen town. The two smoke pools were excavated at the beach, which were 45 meters long and wide, and the stone floors were laid on the bottom of the pool. Piles and railing were placed around the destructed opium, and a ditch was opened before the pond. The opium was put into the pool in batches, and the salt brine and lime leaching method was used to decompose and corrode the opium, and then the river water was led into the pool and washed away. The remains of the pool plates and wooden columns of the smoke pools are now displayed in the Museum of destructed Opium War near the pool.

Humen fort is distributed in Dajiao mountain, Haijiao mountain, Wudang Mountain and Dahu mountain on both sides of the Pearl River, covering about tens of square kilometers. After Lin Zexu destructed opium, he mobilized the crowd financing with the governor Guan Tianpei to build up 12 forts and set up more than 300 cannon.

Main buildings

Lin Zexu's destructed opium pond

Lin Zexu's tobacco pond is located in Taiping Town mouth of Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, south of the Pearl River, north by cattle back mountain, West for town pass, Qing Dynasty for destroying destructed opium drugs, special governor Lin Zexu, two governor's governor, built 45 big pools, each with a length of width of two meters, a stone slab at the bottom of the pool, a pile of nails around the column, a culvert beside the pool, and a ditch through the pond.

Shajiao Fort

Shajiao fort was built in the fifth year of Jiaqing (1800) of the Qing Dynasty. The platform faces west. The perimeter of the platform is 42 feet. There are 11 gun holes on the platform, with 11 big and small raw guns. The main gate of the platform is equipped with one gun, one gun, and another 500 Jin raw iron gun. There were 31 officers and soldiers guarding Taiwan, 4 halls, 3 rooms and 17 rooms on the platform. The platform, crenels and blast holes are made of coarse stones.

In 1834, when Guan Tianpei was appointed commander of Guangdong Navy, he began to rectify and strengthen the defense of Humen Haikou. He changed Shajiao and Dajiao Fort into watchtower, and built a watchtower on the top of Shajiao mountain. A high pole was erected in front of the tower, and troops were sent to watch day and night.

On January 7, 1841, the battle of Shajiao was defeated. Chen Liansheng and other soldiers of the Qing army died for their country. Shajiao fort was destroyed by the British army.

In 1843, Shajiao fort was restored.

In 1856, Shajiao fort was destroyed by the British again.

During the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1883-1889), the fort was repaired and expanded on a large scale. Ten Fort sites have been built successively in Baicao mountain, Yuyu mountain, lunshan mountain, Wugong Mountain, Qishan mountain, Guishan mountain, Baihe mountain, Shizishan mountain, Xiangshan Mountain and Fenghuang mountain.

Weiyuan battery

Weiyuan fort is located on the left hillside of Nanshan, yaniangxie Island, Dongguan City. There are 12 gun positions on the fort. Twelve iron cannons are placed on the fort. The holes are made of stone, and the buttresses are made of brick. In 1835, Deng Tingzhen and Guan Tianpei decided to build a sanhetu platform on the beach in front of the original platform, with a width of 60 Zhang and 40 gun positions. Weiyuan platform, which is open to tourists, is a fort rebuilt after the second Opium War. It has 26 local gun positions, three foreign gun positions and short-range gun holes.

Jingyuan Fort

Jingyuan fort was the largest fort in Humen fort during the Opium War. It was built by Deng Tingzhen and Guan Tianpei in 1839.

Jingyuan fort is five feet away from Weiyuan fort in the East and seventy-six feet away from Zhenyuan fort in the West. The platform is sixty-three feet wide. The platform base is built with green hemp stone. The wall is six feet five inches high and five feet thick. It is made of triad. There are sixty gun holes on the platform and sixty iron cannons. There is a stone wall at the back of the platform, which runs from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain. It is ninety-one feet long and one feet high It is two feet in height, and there are five fortress halls, all of which are built with green bricks. Jingyuan fort is deep and solid, overlooking the wooden rafts and iron chains, forming the second line of defense of Humen with Yongan fort on the island and consolidation fort on the other side.

On February 26, 1841, the battle of Humen, the Qing army was defeated, Jingyuan fort was occupied, and the British army destroyed it.

In 1843, Jingyuan fort was rebuilt.

The former site of Jingyuan Fort only includes the enemy base, open-air artillery position, back wall, darkroom, secret passage and barracks.

Cultural relic value

Lin Zexu's destructed opium station and Humen Fort site are the first portals of Sha Jiao and Tai Jiao fort. Nanshan, Weiyuan, Zhenyuan, Jingyuan, consolidating, Yongan and cross are the second portals. The big tiger battery is the third gateway and the 3 line of defense. On the river between hengdang island and Wudang Mountain, 80 rows of wooden rafts and 372 feet of iron chain were set up to intercept enemy ships. During the Opium War, they repeatedly defeated the invasion of the British Invaders.

Most of the turrets are made of stone, lime, sand and glutinous rice mortar, and are round or half moon shaped in plane, which can be divided into two types: exposed platform (i.e. open platform) and concealed platform. The Weiyuan fort is completely preserved. It is made of granite, with a total length of 360 meters and a height of 4.5 meters. There are 25 concealed gun positions on the top of the gun. Each gun position is 2.9 meters high, 4.2 meters wide and 6.6 meters deep. The storage room and the rest room for officers and soldiers were set up beside the artillery position. In the Pearl River Estuary of Guangdong Province, Humen Town, Dongguan City, Huangge Town and Nansha Town, Panyu county.

In the 1830s, Britain, the United States, Portugal and other countries smuggled opium into China.

On March 10, 1839, Lin Zexu, the imperial envoy of the Qing Dynasty, arrived in Guangdong to ban smoking. From June 3 to 25, he destroyed more than 2.37 million jin of opium in Humen. In 1840, Britain launched a war of aggression against China. From January to February of 1841, Chen Lianbi and Guan Tianpei, the generals of the Qing army, led the people to fight against the British army, but unfortunately they were defeated.

Cultural relics protection

In 1982, the State Council of the people's Republic of China announced it as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Destructed opium pond is located in the town of Humen. The two smoke pools were excavated at the beach, which were 45 meters long and wide, and the stone floors were laid on the bottom of the pool. Piles and railing were placed around the destructed opium, and a ditch was opened before the pond. The opium was put into the pool in batches, and the salt brine and lime leaching method was used to decompose and corrode the opium, and then the river water was led into the pool and washed away. The remains of the pool plates and wooden columns of the smoke pools are now displayed in the Museum of destructed Opium War near the pool.

Humen fort is distributed in Dajiao mountain, Haijiao mountain, Wudang Mountain and Dahu mountain on both sides of the Pearl River, covering about tens of square kilometers. After Lin Zexu destructed opium, he mobilized the crowd financing with the governor Guan Tianpei to build up 12 forts and set up more than 300 cannon.

With Shajiao and Dajiao Fort as the first gateway, Nanshan, Weiyuan, Zhenyuan, Jingyuan, Jianguo, Yong'an and hengdangqianshanyuetai as the second gateway, and Dahu Fort as the third gateway, three lines of defense were organized. On the river between hengdang island and Wudang Mountain, 80 rows of wooden rafts and 372 feet of iron chain were set up to intercept enemy ships. During the Opium War, they repeatedly defeated the invasion of the British Invaders. Most of the turrets are made of stone, lime, sand and glutinous rice mortar, and are round or half moon shaped in plane, which can be divided into two types: exposed platform (i.e. open platform) and concealed platform. The Weiyuan fort is completely preserved. It is made of granite, with a total length of 360 meters and a height of 4.5 meters. There are 25 concealed gun positions on the top of the gun. Each gun position is 2.9 meters high, 4.2 meters wide and 6.6 meters deep. The storage room and the rest room for officers and soldiers were set up beside the artillery position.

History and culture

Related people

Main entry: Lin Zexu

Main entry: Guan Tianpei

Related events

Destructed opium in Humen

The battle of Humen

Tourism information

geographical position

Lin Zexu's destructed opium and Humen Fort site are located at Jiefang Road 113, Humen Town, Dongguan, Guangdong.

transport line

To be added

Ticket Price

To be added

Address: 88 Jiefang Road

Longitude: 113.65969732404

Latitude: 22.825112757168

Tel: 0769-85505670

Chinese PinYin : Lin Ze Xu Xiao Yan Chi Yu Hu Men Pao Tai Jiu Zhi