Yang Kaihui
Yang Kaihui
Yang Kaihui (November 6, 1901 - November 14, 1930) was born in Bancang, Changsha, Hunan Province (now Kaihui Town, Changsha County). She is the daughter of Yang Changji. In the winter of 1920, Yang Kaihui married Mao Zedong. In early 1922, he joined the Communist Party of China and became Mao Zedong's assistant.
After the failure of the great revolution, Mao Zedong led the Autumn Harvest Uprising and carried out the struggle in Jinggangshan base area; Yang Kaihui took part in organizing and leading the armed struggle in Changsha, Pingjiang, Xiangyin and other places, developed the party's organization and persisted in the revolution for three years. In October 1930, Yang Kaihui was arrested. She refused to withdraw from the party and resolutely opposed to the statement that she was divorced from Mao Zedong. In 1957, in memory of Yang Kaihui, Mao Zedong wrote a poem "butterflies love flowers · answer to Li Shuyi", praising it as "proud Yang".
Yang Kaihui is an advocate and practitioner of Chinese women's liberation movement.
Life of the characters
Childhood
Yang Kaihui was born in Bancang, Changsha County, Hunan Province in 1901. His father, Yang Changji, is a famous scholar in Sanxiang. His thought is advanced. Although Yang Kaihui is a daughter, his father also gives her a name, a character and a name. In 1904, with the ambition of saving the country and the people, Yang Changji went to study abroad. Yang Kaihui spent her childhood raised by her mother Xiang Zhenxi. In 1908, Yang Changji wrote a letter from abroad, telling Yang Kaihui's mother to send her to school. Then Yang Kaihui made an exception and entered the 40th primary school in Changsha. At that time, Bancang girls had no precedent to go to school. Yang Kaihui became the first group of female students in the school and the youngest student in the class. After three semesters in yanggongmiao primary school, Yang Kaihui transferred to the energy storage school on Wuli Road, Licang. Shortly after the revolution of 1911, Yang Kaihui went home to mobilize her illiterate mother to go to school. She and her mother went to hengcui girls' school, which is more than 20 miles away from home. Her mother went to the industrial class, and she went to the attached primary school class. It was a good story that her mother and daughter went to the same school. Later, because hengcui women's school was to move to Changsha, Yang Kaihui moved to the first women's College in the County near Malinqiao and continued to study until graduation.
Youth
In 1913, Yang Changji returned from abroad and taught in Changsha Hunan First Normal University. Yang Kaihui followed her mother to accompany her father, who came back to Hunan from abroad, and lived in da'etang, Changsha, from the countryside. Yang Changji attracts promising students with his profound knowledge and noble moral character. Mao Zedong, Cai Hesen, Xiao Zisheng and others often go to Yang's home to ask teachers for all kinds of great principles of saving the country and the people. It was during this period that Yang Kaihui met Mao Zedong for the first time. From moving to Changsha to Yang Changji's death, Yang Kaihui didn't go to school any more. She had been taught by her father at home. When Mao Zedong and others came to ask for advice from her father, she always moved a small stool to sit beside them, listening to them talk about the way of studying and being a man, discussing the rise and fall of dynasties, and exploring the truth of saving the country and the people. Mao Zedong and Yang Kaihui are getting familiar with each other. In June 1918, Yang Changji was employed as a professor of Peking University, and his family moved north. In the autumn of the same year, in order to organize members of the Xinmin society to work and study in France, Mao Zedong came to Beijing for the first time. He went to visit his teacher Yang Changji and lived in the Yang family. He was introduced by his teacher and worked as an assistant in the library of Peking University. Although Mao Zedong stayed in Yang's family temporarily, his younger martial sister had more opportunities to contact him. Mao Zedong insisted on taking a cold bath every morning and exercising in the cold winter. This also made Yang Kaihui admire him from the bottom of his heart. It was at this time that Mao Zedong and Yang Kaihui began to love each other. On December 8, 1919, Mao Zedong led a delegation to drive Zhang (Jingyao) to Beijing for the second time and also lived in the Yang family. Soon after, Yang Changji fell ill, and Yang Kaihui stayed at the side of his bed day and night, reading books and newspapers for his father. Every issue of "New Youth" is a must read book, from which Yang Kaihui has absorbed many new ideas and morals. In January 1920, Yang Changji died of illness. The educational circles in Beijing and Changsha held a memorial service for Yang Changji. Mao Zedong took part in the wake as the son-in-law of his life to help with the aftercare. After his father died of illness, Yang Kaihui went back to Hunan with his mother and brother. Yang Kaihui returns to Changsha and gets the care of her father's friends. With the help of Li Shuyi's father, she goes to Fuxiang girls' middle school to study. She lives in the same dormitory with Li Shuyi, who later became the wife of Liu Zhixun. During her school days, Yang Kaihui did not worship and broke the school rules. She often went out to engage in student movements and organized speech teams to go to the streets to publicize the ideas of the student union. Therefore, he was soon expelled from the conservative Fuxiang women's middle school. In August 1920, Mao Zedong set up a cultural publishing house in Changsha. When Yang Kaihui learned that the publishing house was short of funds, she went home to mobilize her mother to support Mao Zedong with some of the memorial money given by her relatives and friends when her father died. At the same time, she also participated in the work of the publishing house. In September 1920, Yang Kaihui joined five female students from Fuxiang and Zhounan women's schools and resolutely entered yueyun men's middle school, becoming the first group of female students in the province's men's middle school. In Hunan Educational and academic circles, there is a heated discussion on women's education, "coeducation" has become a hot topic in the discussion. In order to create a new atmosphere, we need brave people to take the lead and extraordinary courage and courage. Yang Kaihui wanted to enter a boys' school and discussed with Mao Zedong, who was very supportive. In the winter of 1920, Yang Kaihui joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League and became one of the first league members in Hunan. At the end of the year, she married Mao Zedong.
Revolutionary years
In the summer of 1921, Mao Zedong and he Shuheng went to Shanghai to attend the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China. In early 1922, Yang Kaihui joined the Communist Party of China. In terms of the length of the party, Yang Kaihui is second only to Miao Boying (wife of he Mengxiong) of Peking University and the second female member of the Communist Party. After the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong established the Hunan District Committee of the Communist Party of China as secretary of the District Committee. Yang Kaihui was responsible for the confidential and traffic liaison work of the District Committee and became Mao Zedong's right-hand assistant. They set up their home at 22 Qingshuitang, the suburb of Changsha, where the District Committee is located. She often went to and fro the secret contact points of the party, such as the cultural publishing house and Chuanshan school, to transmit the party's documents and instructions, to assist Mao Zedong in collecting materials and copying manuscripts, and to take care of Mao Zedong's daily life, which enabled him to engage in increasingly arduous revolutionary work. At that time, Yang Kaihui took her mother to live with him. In 1922, Mao Zedong founded Hunan Youth library, and Yang Kaihui presided over all the affairs of the library. In October of the same year, Yang Kaihui gave birth to her first child, named Mao anying. While taking care of her children, Yang Kaihui assisted Mao Zedong in his work. In April 1923, Mao Zedong went to work for the CPC Central Committee in Shanghai and became the organization Minister of the CPC Central Committee. In November of the same year, the second son Mao anqing was born in Bancang's family. In 1924, Yang Kaihui brought two children, an Ying and an Qing, to Shanghai. Together with Xiang Jingyu, she went to the cotton mill to organize night school for female workers. For this reason, she also specialized in teaching in Shanghai dialect. In February 1925, he went back to Shaoshan with Mao Zedong to carry out the peasant movement, helped Mao Zedong set up the night school for peasants, and worked as a teacher in the night school for peasants. She not only took care of her husband's life and took care of her children, but also helped to contact comrades. She also helped Mao Zedong find materials and copy articles. in December of the same year, he left Shaoshan and transferred to Guangzhou to assist Mao Zedong in collecting and sorting out materials, compiling manuscripts and taking charge of liaison work. In 1926, Mao Zedong carried out revolutionary work in Guangzhou. At the beginning of 1927, Mao Zedong inspected the peasant movement in Hunan, and Yang Kaihui sorted out a large number of investigation materials and copied them neatly. In March, Mao Zedong's investigation report on the Hunan peasant movement was first published in the soldier, the organ newspaper of the Hunan District Committee of the Communist Party of China, which also embodied Yang Kaihui's painstaking efforts. In April of the same year, Mao Anlong, the third son, was born in Wuchang. After the August 7th meeting, Mao Zedong went back to Hunan to visit his wife and three children in Bancang. Accompanied by Yang Kaihui, he sneaked into Changsha and lived in the house with the plaque of Bancang Yang left by his father-in-law. Mao Zedong prepared for the riot day and night, while Yang Kaihui took care of her husband's life. At the end of August, Mao Zedong went to command the Autumn Harvest Uprising. Before leaving, he told Yang Kaihui to take care of her children and take part in some peasant movements. Yang Kaihui brought straw sandals to her husband, asked his cousin Yang Kaiming to give him a ride, and told Mao Zedong to dress up as a doctor. This farewell is the eternal secret of the couple. After that, Yang Kaihui went back to Bancang of Changsha with her children to fight underground. In the face of serious white terror and losing contact with superior organizations, Yang Kaihui participated in organizing and leading armed struggles in Changsha, Pingjiang, Xiangyin and other places, developed the party's organization and persisted in the struggle for three years.
Arrested and killed
In 1930, the red army attacked Changsha twice. He Jian, the Hunan warlord, vented his hatred for the Red Army of Zhu and Mao to Yang Kaihui. He offered a reward of 1000 silver yuan to capture Yang Kaihui. Under the cover of the masses, Yang Kaihui escaped the enemy's pursuit several times. However, on October 24 of the same year, Yang Kaihui went back to Bancang to visit her mother and children, and was arrested after being discovered by warlord spies. On November 14, 1930, Yang Kaihui died bravely at the age of 29 at shiziling outside Liuyang gate. Mao Zedong, who was in charge of the Red Army's anti "encirclement and suppression" campaign in Jiangxi, learned of the news of Yang Kaihui's sacrifice and sent a letter to the Yang family, saying: "Kaihui's death is beyond redemption." After liberation, Mao Zedong still cherished the memory of Yang Kaihui. In 1957, Yang Shujun wrote a reply to Li Shujun. "Jiao" should be used for women's address book,
Chinese PinYin : Yang Kai Hui
