Wang Qingren
Wang Qingren
Wang Qingren, a physician in Qing Dynasty (1768-1831). The word Xun Chen, Zhili Yutian (now belongs to Hebei) people, Yi Wu Xiang Sheng, and accept millet thousand general office. When he was young, he studied medicine meticulously and opened a pharmacy in Beijing. His medical skills were profound and he was famous for a while. Because of his meticulous study of Qihuang, he complained about the discrepancy between the human body structure and the actual situation in ancient books, and dared to put forward amendments and criticisms. His innovative spirit was highly praised. It is said that "writing a book without knowing the viscera is not a fool's dream; treating a disease without knowing the viscera is not the same as a blind man walking at night". Therefore, we carefully observed the structure of the human body, drew graphs, corrected the mistakes of predecessors, and wrote "correcting mistakes in the medical forest".
Life of the characters
Wang Qingren
Wang Qingren (1768-1831), also known as Quanren, is also known as xunzhen. Qing Dynasty Zhili Province (now Hebei Province) Yutian County. He is an innovative anatomist and medical scientist.
Wang Qingren has been practicing martial arts since he was a child. He once donated a thousand titles to Wu Xiangsheng. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong and Emperor Jiaqing, there was only Duqiao on the river where Wang's hometown was returned. It was because of "Guanqiao Guandu" to blackmail, or "Shanqiao Shandu" to do good. Wang Qingren advocated "good bridge and crossing". During the court hearing, the magistrate took off his cool hat several times, and Qing Ren stood up several times to complain unyielding, with righteous words: "I kneel for the Qing legal system, not for you.". He usually used classical Chinese and language to despise the Yamen of feudal rulers. For a long time, the county government combined with the local gentry to persecute him. Wang Qingren had to leave his hometown to practice medicine in Daodi town of Luan county (now Fengnan District) and Fengtian in Northeast China (now Shenyang).
Influenced by his ancestors, Wang Qingren abandoned martial arts to practice medicine at the age of 20, and has been famous in Yutian for several years. When he was in his 30s, he went to Beijing to set up "zhiyitang", a famous doctor in Beijing, and was good at using Astragalus. He was not trapped by his predecessors in his treatment of diseases. He used unique drugs to cure many difficult and complicated diseases. According to the records of Yutian County in the 10th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, one person had to sleep at night and put something on his chest before he could sleep; the other one had to lie on his back and couldn't cross his eyelashes as long as his chest was covered with a little quilt. Wang used a prescription to cure the two diseases.
Wang Qingren read a large number of medical books in his life. He once said, "if you read the pictures drawn by the viscera of the ancients, your opinions are contradictory everywhere.". In clinical practice, I feel that the knowledge of traditional Chinese Medicine Anatomy is insufficient, and put forward the argument that "husband's professional medicine should know the viscera first". Wang believes that "writing a book without knowing the viscera is not a dream; treating a disease without knowing the viscera is different from a blind man's nocturnal journey." Since then, Wang broke through the shackles of feudal ethics and carried out nearly 30 years of anatomical research activities.
In 1797, when Wang Qingren went to Daodi town of Luan county to practice medicine, there was a epidemic of "warm rash dysentery". More than 100 children died every day, and Wang risked getting sick. For more than 10 days, he studied the viscera of more than 30 corpses in detail. Compared with the "viscera map" drawn in ancient medical books, he found that most of the records in ancient books were inconsistent. In order to dispel the suspicion that children's "five zang organs and six Fu organs are not complete" in ancient medical books, Wang heard that a female criminal would be sentenced to mutilation in Fengtian in June of 1799. He rushed to the execution ground and observed carefully, and found that the structure of Zang organs of adults and children were roughly the same. Later, he went to Beijing, Mukden and other places to observe the corpses for many times. He also asked Hengjing (a military officer in the reign of Daoguang, who had seen many dead people) for advice and made it clear that the diaphragm was the dividing line between the upper and lower parts of the human body.
Wang Qingren has also done many animal anatomy experiments of "comparing with livestock, then feeding and then killing". After decades of research, in the spirit of "not want future generations to know me, also do not avoid future generations to sin me", "only wish the people in the medical forest In 1830, one year before his death, he wrote two volumes of Yilin Gaicuo, which was published in the world. Liang Qichao commented on "Wang xunchen He is a very bold revolutionist in the field of Chinese medicine, whose academic spirit is also full of scientific spirit. Fan xingzhun's "a brief history of Chinese medicine" commented on Wang Qingren: "in terms of his great practical spirit, he has already felt commendable, which is by no means inferior to Li Shizhen, who compiled the compendium of Materia Medica.". Tang Zonghai's "the essence of Chinese and Western Medicine Classics" says: "in Chinese" Yilin Gaicuo ", dissection of viscera is slightly the same as that of Western medicine, because the pictures are taken to confirm it." Over the past 50 years, the book has been reprinted many times. Since 1949, there have been more than 50 papers (volumes) on Wang Qingren's research on Yilin Gaicuo.
Main achievements
Academic thought
Wang Qingren was a medical expert who paid attention to practice in Qing Dynasty. He made a new play to the theory of Qi and blood in traditional Chinese medicine, especially in promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. He created many prescriptions for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, which focused on distinguishing different parts of blood stasis and giving targeted treatment respectively. His prescriptions have been paid attention to in the field of traditional Chinese medicine and widely used in clinical practice, and the curative effect is reliable.
The method of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis is an important heritage in the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the method of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis has been constantly enriched and improved, especially the academic achievements of Wang Qingren in the Qing Dynasty. His academic thoughts not only contributed to the internal and external gynecology and pediatrics of traditional Chinese medicine, but also had important guiding significance to the clinical acupuncture.
The most commonly used manipulation is pricking blood therapy. To increase the amount of bleeding, prick the blood with three edged needle, or prick the bleeding with plum blossom needle, or pull out the cupping after pricking the bleeding. After needling, it can directly remove blood stasis, eliminate blood stasis and dredge meridians. This method can be used to treat all the diseases in bed, such as stagnation of Qi and blood in meridians, formation of blood stasis, or long-term disease entering the meridians. It has a wide range of clinical application, accurate dialectics, and appropriate manipulation.
work
In Yilin Gaicuo, Wang Qingren proved many errors in ancient anatomy. There is also a new understanding of the human brain. Correctly put forward: "dexterity, memory, not in the heart, in the brain." If something goes wrong with the brain, it can cause deafness, dark eyes, nasal congestion and even death. In clinical practice, he made a new development in the theory of Qi and blood. He believed that "Qi" and "blood" are important substances in the human body. He advocated that "the key to treating diseases is to understand" Qi and blood ", regardless of external feelings and internal feelings The injured were nothing but Qi and blood. In his prescription of treating diseases, he put forward two treatment methods of "Invigorating Qi and activating blood circulation" and "removing blood stasis and activating blood circulation", which is the theory of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and is still of practical value up to now. He founded "Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction" and other eight prescriptions, the curative effect is remarkable. He founded and revised 33 ancient prescriptions, and summed up 60 kinds of qi deficiency symptoms and 50 kinds of blood stasis symptoms. Buyang Huanwu decoction is an effective prescription for coronary heart disease and hemiplegia. Up to now, some prescriptions of Wang Qingren are still used in the medical field of our country, which have good effects on the treatment of meningitis sequelae, typhoid plague in children, vomiting and diarrhea, etc.
Wang Qingren's academic attitude is very rigorous. It is suggested that the writing of books by medical experts should be based on the principle of treating the disease by themselves. He opposed to following the old ways, had the courage to practice and innovate, and finally became famous in the world. Yilin Gaicuo has greatly enriched the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine. This book has been translated into a foreign language, which has a certain impact on the development of world medicine. Western medical circles call Wang Qingren a modern Chinese anatomist.
People's point of view
Wang Qingren began to study medicine in his youth. Due to his hard work, he soon mastered medical theory and medical skills. He has opened a drugstore and is familiar with the nature, taste and functions of many drugs. According to his rich practical experience, Wang Qingren had unique views on the etiology and pathology of the disease. He believes that many diseases are caused by poor blood circulation. Blood flow is not smooth, siltation in an organ or blood vessel, it affects the physiological function of the tissue around the site, causing disease. According to the theory of "blood stasis causing disease", he studied some prescriptions, including "Tongqiao Huoxue Decoction" mentioned above, as well as "Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction" and "Gexia Zhuyu Decoction", which are very effective.
He thinks that the structure of human viscera is very important for medical treatment. He thinks that "treating diseases with unknown viscera is different from blind people walking at night". He thinks that there are many mistakes about human body in ancient medical books. He went to the mass graves of the victims of epidemic diseases and the death penalty ground for many times to observe the internal organs of the human body. In 1830, he wrote Yilin Gaicuo, with 25 pictures. He first recorded that the human body cavity was divided into chest and abdomen by diaphragm, instead of the two diaphragms and three body cavities - Sanjiao in ancient books. It also corrects the mistake in the ancient picture that the lung has six lobes, two ears and twenty-four tubes, "the lung has two big lobes on the left and right, the outer skin of the lung does not penetrate the orifices, and there are no twenty-four holes for Qi flow." The author thinks that the liver has four leaves and the gallbladder is attached to the second right lobe of the liver, which corrects the mistake that the ancient picture of liver is seven leaves. The description of pancreas, bile duct, pyloric sphincter and mesentery is more realistic. The distribution of the left and right common carotid arteries of the heart was mistakenly regarded as the conduit of gas because it was seen in the corpse. He brilliantly demonstrated that thinking comes from the brain rather than the heart. "Two ears communicate with the brain, and the sound you hear belongs to the brain The two eyes are like lines, longer than the brain. What you see belongs to the brain The nose is connected to the brain, and the smell belongs to the brain... " These views are similar to those of modern anatomy and physiology. In clinical medicine, the treatment principle is promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and its prescription is still widely used in TCM clinic.
Wang Qingren's book, as "correcting mistakes in the medical profession", is a book that has been controversial in the medical field for hundreds of years. The book mainly expounds the views of two aspects. One of them is "correcting mistakes". Wang Qingren believes that the description of the location, size and weight of human viscera in ancient Chinese medical books is not accurate. He once observed in the plague stricken areas
Chinese PinYin : Wang Qing Ren
Wang Qingren
