Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong was born in a peasant family in Shaoshan, Hunan Province on December 26, 1893. After the outbreak of the revolution of 1911, he served as a soldier in the new army of the uprising for half a year.

From 1914 to 1918, he studied in Hunan First Normal School. On the eve of graduation, he organized the revolutionary group Xinmin society with Cai Hesen and others.

Before and after the May 4th movement, he contacted and accepted Marxism. In November 1920, he established a Communist Organization in Hunan.

In July 1921, he attended the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in Shanghai and later served as secretary of the Hunan District Committee of the Communist Party of China, leading the workers' movements in Changsha, Anyuan and other places.

In June 1923, he attended the third National Congress of the Communist Party of China and was elected as the executive member of the Central Committee to participate in the central leadership work.

After the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China in January 1924, he was elected as an alternate executive member of the Central Committee at the first and second national congresses of the Kuomintang. He once served as the acting director of the Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee in Guangzhou, edited the political weekly and hosted the sixth workshop of the peasant movement.

In November 1926, he was appointed secretary of the Peasant Movement Committee of the CPC Central Committee.

From the winter solstice of 1925 to the spring of 1927, he successively published works such as the analysis of all classes in Chinese society and the investigation report on the Hunan peasant movement, pointed out the important position of the peasant problem in the Chinese revolution and the extreme importance of the proletariat leading the peasant struggle, and criticized Chen Duxiu's right leaning thought.

After the overall breakdown of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, at the emergency meeting of the CPC Central Committee in August 1927, he put forward the idea that "political power is obtained from the barrel of a gun", that is, the idea of seizing political power with revolutionary armed forces, and was elected as an alternate member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. After the meeting, he went to the border of Hunan and Jiangxi to lead the Autumn Harvest Uprising. Then led the uprising troops to Jinggangshan, launched the agrarian revolution and founded the first rural revolutionary base.

In April 1928, he joined forces with the uprising forces led by Zhu De and established the Fourth Army of the workers' and peasants' Revolutionary Army (soon renamed the Red Army). He served as party representative and Secretary of the former enemy Committee. The Chinese Communists with him as the main representative, proceeding from China's reality, developed armed struggle in rural areas where the Kuomintang regime was relatively weak, and created the road of Encircling Cities with rural areas and finally seizing the power of cities and the whole country. Why can China's red regime exist A single spark can start a prairie fire and other works have expounded this problem theoretically.

In May 1930, he wrote "against the book doctrine", and put forward the famous conclusion that "there is no investigation and no right to speak". In August, the first front army of the Red Army was established and served as the general political commissar. Since the end of 1930, led by Zhu De, the red front army has defeated many "encirclement and suppression" by the Kuomintang army. After the "left" line leading group represented by Wang Ming entered the central revolutionary base area, Mao Zedong was excluded from the leadership of the party and the Red Army, resulting in the failure of the red front army's fifth counter "encirclement and suppression".

On November 7, 1931, the Provisional Central Government of the Soviet Republic of China was established in Ruijin, Jiangxi Province, and was elected chairman of the Central Executive Committee on November 27.

In January 1933, he was elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee.

In October 1934, he participated in the long march of the first front army of the Red Army.

During the Long March, in January 1935, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held an enlarged meeting (i.e. Zunyi Meeting) in Guizhou, which established a new central leadership represented by Mao Zedong. In October, the CPC Central Committee and the red army arrived in Northern Shaanxi to end the long march. In December, he made a report on strategies against Japanese imperialism, which clarified the policy of the Anti Japanese national united front.

In October 1936, the three main forces of the red army joined forces. In December 1936, Zhou Enlai and others promoted the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident, which became the hub of the transformation of the current situation from the civil war to the second Kuomintang communist cooperation and common resistance against Japan. In the same month, he wrote "strategic issues of China's revolutionary war".

In the summer of 1937, he wrote on practice and on contradiction. After the Anti Japanese war began, the CPC Central Committee headed by him adhered to the principle of independence and autonomy in the United Front, worked hard to mobilize the masses, carried out guerrilla warfare behind the enemy, and established many large Anti Japanese base areas.

In October 1938, the guiding principle of "Sinicization of Marxism" was put forward at the Sixth Plenary Session of the expanded Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. During the war of resistance against Japan, he published important works such as on the protracted war, the publication of the Communist Party and the theory of new democracy.

In February 1942, he led the whole party to carry out rectification movement, corrected subjectivism and sectarianism, made the whole party further grasp the basic direction of combining the universal truth of Marxism Leninism with the specific practice of the Chinese revolution, and laid an ideological foundation for winning the war of resistance against Japan and the national revolution.

In March 1943, he was elected chairman of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. In May, he led the army and the people in the base area to carry out a production campaign and passed through serious economic difficulties.

From April to June 1945, he presided over the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China and made a report on the coalition government. The Congress formulated the political line of mobilizing the masses, strengthening the people's strength, defeating the Japanese aggressors, liberating the people of the whole country and establishing a new democratic China under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. Mao Zedong thought was determined as the guiding ideology of the CPC at this Congress. He served as chairman of the CPC Central Committee from the first plenary session of the Seventh Central Committee to his death on September 9, 1976.

After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, in view of the reality that Chiang Kai Shek tried to destroy the Communist Party and its armed forces, he put forward the policy of "tit for tat". In August 1945, he went to Chongqing to negotiate with Chiang Kai Shek, which showed the desire of the Communist Party of China to strive for domestic peace.

After Chiang Kai Shek launched an all-out civil war in the summer of 1946, Mao Zedong, Zhu De and Zhou Enlai led the Chinese people's Liberation Army to carry out active defense, concentrate superior forces and annihilate the enemy.

From March 1947 to March 1948, he moved to northern Shaanxi with Zhou Enlai and Ren Bishi to command the northwest battlefield and the national war of liberation. In the summer of 1947, the Chinese people's Liberation Army shifted from strategic defense to strategic attack. Under the leadership of the Party Central Committee headed by him, the Kuomintang government was overthrown after the three major campaigns of Liaoshen, Huaihai and Pingjin and the river crossing campaign in April 1949.

In March 1949, he presided over the second plenary session of the seventh CPC Central Committee and made an important report. He decided to shift the focus of the party's work from rural areas to cities, stipulated the party's basic policies after national victory, and called on the whole party to maintain the style of modesty, prudence, arrogance and impatience, and to continue to maintain the style of hard work. On June 30, he published on the people's democratic dictatorship, which stipulated the nature of the political power of the people's Republic of China and its basic domestic and foreign policies.

On October 1, 1949, the people's Republic of China was founded and he was elected chairman of the Central People's government.

In June 1950, he presided over the Third Plenary Session of the seventh CPC Central Committee and put forward the general task of fighting for the basic improvement of the country's financial and economic situation. In October, forced by the situation that the US army invaded the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and threatened Northeast China, the CPC Central Committee headed by him decided to carry out the war to resist US aggression and aid Korea.

From 1950 to 1952, under his leadership, he carried out land reform, suppressed counter revolution and other democratic reforms, launched the "three anti" movement against corruption, waste and bureaucracy, and the "five anti" movement against bribery, tax evasion, theft of state property, theft of work and materials, and theft of economic intelligence.

In June 1953, according to his suggestion, the CPC Central Committee announced the party's general line in the transitional period and began to systematically carry out socialist industrialization and socialist transformation of private ownership of means of production.

In September 1954, the first session of the first National People's Congress adopted the constitution of the people's Republic of China drafted under his auspices. At this session, he was elected the first president of the people's Republic of China and served until April 1959.

In April 1956, he made a speech on the ten major relations, which made some preliminary exploration on the road of building socialism suitable for China's national conditions. Then, the policy of "letting a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend" was put forward at the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. In September, the socialist transformation of private ownership of means of production was basically completed. The Communist Party of China held the Eighth National Congress, pointing out that the main task of the people of the whole country has been transformed into concentrating on the development of social productive forces. However, this policy was not seriously implemented later, which led to a series of mistakes and setbacks in guiding work in the future.

In February 1957, he made a speech on Correctly Handling Contradictions among the people, and put forward the theory of correctly distinguishing and handling two kinds of contradictions of different nature between ourselves and the enemy and among the people in socialist society.

In July 1957, it was proposed to "create a political situation with concentration, democracy, discipline, freedom, unified will, relaxed and lively personal mood".

In May 1958, the "great leap forward" and the rural people's commune movement were launched.

In July 1959, he presided over the Lushan conference. He had intended to correct the mistakes he had noticed, but he mistakenly launched a criticism of Peng Dehuai at the end of the meeting. After the meeting, the whole Party mistakenly launched a "anti rightist" struggle.

From the winter of 1960 to the beginning of 1965, under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee headed by him, the policy of "adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement" was implemented for the national economy, and the mistakes in the "great leap forward" and the people's communization movement were initially corrected, so that the national economy recovered and developed relatively rapidly. During this period, he put forward a series of measures to initially correct the "left" mistakes in rural work and other aspects. However, at the 10th plenary session of the Eighth CPC Central Committee held in September 1962, he expanded and absolutized the class struggle within a certain scope in socialist society, and developed his view that the contradiction between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie remains the main contradiction of Chinese society after the anti rightist struggle in July 1957.

From 1963 to 1965, he launched the socialist education movement in rural and urban areas, and proposed that the focus of the movement was to rectify the so-called "power faction taking the capitalist road in the party". Since the 1950s, he has led China and the Soviet Communist Party in a resolute struggle against the great power doctrine pursued by the leaders of the Chinese Communist Party and the attempt to interfere in and control China.

In May 1966, due to his extreme estimation of the domestic class struggle situation, he launched the "Cultural Revolution" movement. This movement was manipulated by two counter revolutionary groups, Lin Biao and Jiang Qing, which greatly exceeded his expectation and control, and even lasted for ten years, causing serious damage and losses to many aspects of China. During the "Cultural Revolution", Mao Zedong also stopped and corrected some specific mistakes. He led the struggle to crush Lin Biao's counter revolutionary group and prevented Jiang Qing and Zhang Chunqiao from succeeding in their ambition to seize the supreme leadership.

On September 9, 1976, Mao Zedong died in Beijing at the age of 83.

1、 Mao Zedong led the Chinese people through a long-term revolutionary struggle, finally won national independence and people's liberation, and founded New China.

2、 Mao Zedong led the Chinese people on the road of socialist construction.

3、 It ushered in a new era in which the people are the masters of the country and began the arduous and tortuous exploration of realizing socialist democracy.

Four, laid the ruling position of the Communist Party of China, and made unremitting exploration to maintain the advanced nature and ruling position of the Marx political party.

5、 It has established new China's status as a major country in the world and made unremitting efforts to create an independent peace diplomacy.

Although Mao Zedong made serious mistakes in his later years, from the perspective of his life, his achievements in the Chinese revolution far outweighed his mistakes. His achievements came first and his mistakes came second. He was still respected and loved by the Chinese people. Five years after his death, the Communist Party of China made a comprehensive evaluation of all his revolutionary activities and ideas in the form of resolutions of the Central Committee. As the development of Marxism in China, Mao Zedong thought is still the guiding ideology of the Communist Party of China.

1893-1910

1893

On December 26, a peasant family was born in shaoshanchong, Xiangtan County, Hunan Province.

1902-1909

He studied in six private schools in his hometown Shaoshan and received Chinese traditional enlightenment education.

1910

In autumn, he was admitted to Dongshan higher primary school in Xiangxiang County, Hunan Province. During this period, it was influenced by the reformist thoughts of Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao.

1910-1921

1911

In spring, I went to Changsha and was admitted to Xiangxiang middle school in Hunan Province. During this period, I read the "Democratic legislature" run by the league. Influenced by it, I wrote an article expressing my support for Sun Yat Sen and the program of the league.

In October, in response to the revolution of 1911, he joined the army and became a private soldier in the new army in Hunan. Quit after half a year.

1913

In spring, I entered the preparatory course of the fourth Normal School of Hunan Province.

1914

In autumn, it was incorporated into class 8 of the first normal school of Hunan Province. During school, influenced by progressive teachers such as Yang Changji, he became an enthusiastic reader of New Youth magazine and worshipped Chen Duxiu and Hu Shi.

1918

On April 14, initiated the establishment of Xinmin society with Xiao Zisheng, he Shuheng and Cai Hesen.

In June, he graduated from the first normal school of Hunan Province.

In August, he went to Beijing for the first time to organize the work study movement of Hunan to France. During his stay in Beijing, he served as the librarian of Peking University. With the help of Li Dazhao and others, he began to accept the ideological influence of the Russian October Revolution.

1919

On April 6, he returned to Changsha from Shanghai.

In May, in response to the May 4th movement, Hunan student union was established to lead the anti imperialist patriotic movement of Hunan students.

On July 14, the Journal of Hunan student union, Xiangjiang review, was launched in Changsha. From July to August, he successively wrote and published a long article on the great unity of the people.

On October 5, Wen's mother died of illness and rushed back to Shaoshan from Changsha. On the 8th, it was written in front of the mother's spirit.

In December, he went to Beijing for the second time to lead the campaign to expel Hunan warlord zhang Jingyao. While in Beijing, I read Marxist books such as the Communist Manifesto.

1920

5. In June, he met with Chen Duxiu in Shanghai and discussed with him the Marxist books he had read and other issues.

At the beginning of August, Yi Lirong and others set up a cultural publishing house on the couch to spread Marxism and new culture.

From August to September, participated in the preparation for the establishment of the Russian Research Association.

On November 25, he wrote to Luo Zhanglong, proposing that the Xinmin society should "become a combination of doctrine. Doctrine is like a flag. Only when the flag is set up can we have hope and know what is going".

In November, he Shuheng and others organized the Changsha Communist group.

On December 1, he sent a letter to Cai Hesen, Xiao Zisheng and other members of his work study program in France. The letter stated that he accepted Marxism and took the road of the Russian October Revolution. Prepare for the establishment of the Socialist Youth League in Changsha. Marry Yang Kaihui.

1921-1930

1921

From January 1 to 3, he Shuheng, Peng Huang, Zhou Shizhao, Xiong Jinding and other more than ten people held the new year's meeting of Xinmin society members at Chaozong Street Culture Publishing House in Changsha. At the meeting, it was proposed that the Xinmin society should take "transforming China and the world" as the common purpose, and agree to use the "Russian" method to transform China.

From July 23 to early August, he Shuheng and he Shuheng attended the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in Shanghai as representatives of the Changsha Communist group.

In August, he returned to Changsha and served as the director of Hunan Branch of China labor combination secretary department. He Shuheng founded Hunan Self-study University.

On October 10, the Hunan Branch of the Communist Party of China was established as secretary.

1922

In May, the Hunan District Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China was established as secretary.

From September to December, he organized and led a series of strike movements of Guangdong Han railway workers, Anyuan railway and mining workers, Changsha mud and wood workers, and promoted the rapid climax of the Hunan workers' movement.

1923

In April, he left Changsha and arrived in Shanghai to work in the CPC Central Committee.

In June, he attended the third National Congress of the Communist Party of China in Guangzhou and was elected as the executive member of the Central Committee, member of the Central Bureau and Secretary of the Central Bureau.

On September 16, in accordance with the decision of the CPC Central Committee and entrusted by Lin Boqu, deputy director of the general affairs department of the Kuomintang headquarters, he returned to Changsha to prepare for the establishment of the Hunan Kuomintang organization.

1924

In January, he attended the first National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang in Guangzhou and was elected alternate executive member of the Central Committee.

In February, he went to Shanghai and served as a member of the Shanghai executive department and Secretary of the Organization Department of the Kuomintang.

In December, he returned to Hunan to recuperate.

1925

In February, I returned to Shaoshan to recuperate and carry out the peasant movement.

In September, he went to Guangzhou to participate in the preparations for the second National Congress of the Kuomintang.

In October, he served as acting Minister of the Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee.

On December 1, the article "analysis of all classes in Chinese society" was published.

On December 5, the political weekly, a publication of the Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee, was launched.

1926

In January, he attended the second National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang and continued to be elected as an alternate executive member of the Central Committee.

On March 18, he delivered a speech entitled "the significance of commemorating the Paris Commune" at the rally of the Kuomintang political workshop in Guangzhou to commemorate the 55th anniversary of the Paris Commune.

In March, Chiang Kai Shek made the Zhongshan ship incident in Guangzhou and fought back with Zhou Enlai and others.

From May to September, he hosted the sixth Kuomintang peasant movement seminar and served as the director.

In November, he served as secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's Peasant Movement Committee in Shanghai. He soon arrived in Wuhan and founded the Kuomintang Central peasant movement seminar.

In December, he attended the first workers' Congress and the first farmers' Congress in Changsha.

1927

From January 4 to February 5, he inspected the peasant movement in Xiangtan, Xiangxiang, Hengshan, Liling and Changsha counties in Hunan.

Group photo of the Third Plenary Session of the second Central Committee (third from the right of the second row)

Group photo of the Third Plenary Session of the second Central Committee (third from the right of the second row)

In March, the investigation report on Hunan peasant movement was published; Attended the Third Plenary Session of the second Central Committee of the Kuomintang in Wuhan.

On April 12, Chiang Kai Shek launched a counter revolutionary coup in Shanghai.

From April 27 to May 10, he attended the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China and was elected alternate executive member of the Central Committee. The meeting criticized Chen Duxiu's rightist mistakes.

On July 15, Wang Jingwei launched a counter revolutionary coup in Wuhan. Ning Han merged and the great revolution failed.

On August 1, Nanchang Uprising broke out. Together with Song Qingling and other 22 members of the Kuomintang Central Committee, they jointly issued the "Declaration of the Central Committee members", condemning Chiang Kai Shek and Wang Jingwei for betraying the national revolution.

On August 7, he attended the emergency meeting held by the CPC Central Committee in Hankou, put forward the idea of political power from the barrel of a gun, and was elected as an alternate member of the provisional Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. After the meeting, he went to Hunan to lead the Autumn Harvest Uprising on the Hunan Jiangxi border.

On September 9, the Autumn Harvest Uprising broke out on the Hunan Jiangxi border. When passing through Zhangjiafang in Liuyang on the way to the headquarters of the third regiment of Xiao family temple in Tonggu, Jiangxi Province, he was caught by the Qingxiang team of the regiment defense Bureau and escorted out of danger wisely on the way.

In September, after the Autumn Harvest Uprising was defeated, he led the uprising troops to march to the middle of Luoxiao mountains.

In October, he arrived at Maoping, Ninggang County, Jiangxi Province and began to establish Jinggangshan revolutionary base.

In November, he was wrongly accused by the provisional Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and was removed from the post of alternate member of the Political Bureau.

1928

In April, he led his troops to join forces with the rest of the Nanchang Uprising army led by Zhu De and Chen Yi and the agricultural army of the southern Hunan uprising in Longshi, Ninggang County, Jiangxi Province.

In May, he served as party representative and Secretary of the Central Military Commission of the Fourth Army of the industrial and agricultural Revolutionary Army (later renamed the Chinese Red Army) formed by the two units.

In July, he was elected as a member of the Central Committee at the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

In October, draft a resolution for the second congress of the CPC on the Hunan Jiangxi border, putting forward the idea of "armed separation of workers and peasants".

On November 25, on behalf of the front Committee of the Fourth Red Army of the Communist Party of China, he wrote a report to the Central Committee to sum up the experience of the armed separatist regime of workers and peasants in Jinggangshan.

In December, he presided over the formulation of Jinggangshan land law.

1929

In January, led by Zhu De and Chen Yi, the main forces of the Red Army marched towards southern Jiangxi and Western Fujian. By the spring of 1930, the two revolutionary base areas in southern Jiangxi and Western Fujian had taken shape.

In April, he presided over the formulation of the land law for rejuvenating the country.

In June, attending the Seventh Congress of the Fourth Red Army of the Communist Party of China held in Longyan, the correct opinions on the tasks, political work and military work of the Red Army were not accepted, and the post of former party secretary originally designated by the CPC Central Committee was re elected. After the meeting, he left the main leading posts of the Fourth Red Army to rest in Western Fujian and guide local work.

In July, it guided the convening of the first Congress of the Communist Party of China in Western Fujian.

In September, the CPC Central Committee issued an instruction letter to the front Committee of the Fourth Red Army, affirming Mao Zedong's correct proposition on the action strategy of the Red Army and building a strong people's revolutionary army.

In December, he presided over the Ninth Congress of the Fourth Red Army of the Communist Party of China in Gutian village, Shanghang County, Fujian Province, made a political report at the Congress and drafted the resolution of the Congress (i.e. the resolution of Gutian Conference). The General Assembly re elected Mao Zedong as secretary of the former Party committee.

1930

In January, he wrote the article "a single spark can start a prairie fire", which expounds the theory of the Chinese revolutionary road of Encircling Cities in rural areas and seizing power by armed forces.

In May, a survey was conducted in Xunwu, Jiangxi Province; At the same time, he wrote an article "against Ben Ben ism" and proposed that "there is no investigation and no right to speak".

In August, he served as general political commissar of the first front army of the Red Army and Secretary of the general former enemy Committee of the Communist Party of China.

In September, he was elected as an alternate member of the Political Bureau at the Third Plenary Session of the sixth CPC Central Committee.

From December 30 to January 3 of the following year, he and Zhu De commanded the red front army to smash the Kuomintang army's first "encirclement and suppression".

1931-1940

1931

On January 7, the Fourth Plenary Session of the expanded sixth CPC Central Committee was held in Shanghai and was elected alternate member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee (did not attend the meeting). Wang Ming entered the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee with the support of the representatives of the Comintern.

From April to may, he and Zhu De commanded the first front army of the Red Army to smash the second "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang army.

From July to September, smashed the third "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang army.

From November 1 to 5, he was excluded from the first Congress (Gannan Conference) held by the party organization of the Central Soviet Area, and was accused of "narrow empiricism", "rich peasant line" and "extremely serious consistent right opportunism".

In November, he made a report at the first National Congress of the Chinese Soviet Union; He was elected chairman and chairman of the people's Committee at the first meeting of the central executive committee of the Soviet Republic of China.

1932

In January, I went to the donghuashan ancient temple in the suburb of Ruijin, Jiangxi Province to rest.

In March, after the Red Army's defeat in attacking Ganzhou, it stopped recuperation and rushed to the front line for command.

On April 15, the Declaration on the war against Japan was issued.

On May 9, the same Xiang Ying issued the "power connection agreement of the interim central government of the Chinese Soviet Republic against the Kuomintang's sale of Songhu".

In June, he and Zhu De commanded the first and Fifth Corps of the Red Army to return to Gannan from Western Fujian.

In October, at the meeting of the Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China's Soviet area held in Ningdu, Jiangxi Province, it was hit by the wrong leadership of the "left". After the meeting, he was removed from the post of general political commissar of the first front army of the Red Army and went to Changting, Fujian to recuperate.

1933

In late January, the provisional Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee moved to the central revolutionary base.

In early February, the Provisional Central Committee of the Communist Party of China fully implemented the "offensive line", eliminated the influence of Mao Zedong's active defense line in the central base areas, and launched the so-called struggle against the "Luo Ming Line".

On May 30, Tong Xiang Ying and others issued the declaration of the Provisional Central Government of the Soviet Republic of China on selling Pingjin for the Kuomintang.

On June 1, Tong Xiang Ying and others issued the instruction on the field investigation movement issued by the interim central government of the Soviet Republic of China.

In August, he made a report on "smashing the five" encirclement and suppression "and the task of Soviet economic construction" at the economic construction conference of 17 counties in the south of the Central Soviet area held in Ruijin.

In October, he wrote the article "how to analyze the rural class", which became the standard for dividing the rural class.

In November, he conducted surveys in Changgang township of Xingguo County and Caixi township of Shanghang County, and wrote "Changgang Township survey" and "Caixi Township survey".

1934

In January, he was elected as a member of the Political Bureau at the Fifth Plenary Session of the sixth CPC Central Committee. He made a work report at the second National Congress of the Chinese Soviet Union. He continued to be elected chairman of the central executive committee of the Soviet Republic of China.

On June 19, Tong Xiang Ying and others issued the declaration of the central government of the Chinese Soviet Republic on selling North China for the Kuomintang.

On July 15, Tong Xiang Ying and others issued the declaration of going north to resist Japan for the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army.

On the evening of October 18, he led the guard team to leave the capital and embark on the long march.

At the end of November, the red army suffered heavy losses in the battle of Xiangjiang River. On the 30th, he crossed the Xiangjiang River with the first field column of the Central Military Commission.

On December 12, at the emergency meeting of the leaders of the CPC Central Committee held in Hunan channel, he urged the Red Army to abandon the original plan of meeting with the second and sixth Red Army Corps in Western Hunan and move towards Guizhou, where the enemy's strength is weak, which was adopted.

1935

From January 15 to 17, he attended the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held in Zunyi, Guizhou, and was co elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. The meeting ended the rule of Wang Ming's "left" adventurism in the CPC Central Committee and actually established a new central leadership represented by Mao Zedong.

In March, a three member military command group was formed with Zhou Enlai and Wang Jiaxiang.

From March to may, he and Zhou Enlai commanded the first front army of the Red Army to cross Chishui, skillfully cross the Jinsha River and seize the Luding Bridge, winning a decisive victory in the strategic transfer.

On June 15, Tong Xiang Ying and others issued the "Declaration against Japan's annexation of North China and Chiang Kai Shek's traitorous act".

In June, on the one hand, the Red Army and the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army met in Western Sichuan. Before long, they fought against Zhang Guotao's escapism and separatism.

On October 19, he led the Shaanxi Gansu detachment of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army to Wuqi Town, Yan'an, Shaanxi Province. The Red Army successfully completed the long march.

In December, he attended the meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held in Wayaobao, Northern Shaanxi. The meeting decided on the strategy of establishing an anti Japanese national united front.

On December 27, he made a report on the strategy of opposing Japanese imperialism at the party's activist meeting, expounding the strategic policy of the Anti Japanese national united front.

1936

Eastern expedition period

Eastern expedition period

On January 25, he jointly issued a "letter to all officers and men of the Northeast Army for the Red Army's willingness to unite with the Northeast Army to resist Japan" with 20 red army generals such as Zhou Enlai and Peng Dehuai, put forward specific measures for organizing the national defense government and the Anti Japanese coalition Army, and suggested sending representatives to each other for joint consultation.

From February to may, he and Peng Dehuai led the red front army to cross the Yellow River for the eastern expedition.

In March, he put forward five suggestions to the Nanjing authorities to stop the civil war and unanimously resist Japan.

On June 1, he and Zhu De issued 20 proposals on saving the country and the people.

On June 12, he issued a declaration with Zhu De, expressing support for the "Guangdong Guangdong incident" and putting forward eight programs for resisting Japan and saving the country.

From July to October, he met with American journalist snow many times in Yan'an, Northern Shaanxi, answered his questions about the Chinese revolution and the workers' and peasants' Red Army, and introduced his experience.

On August 10, he attended the meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and made a report on the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the United Front.

On August 25, the "letter from the Communist Party of China to the Chinese Kuomintang" was drafted, calling for unanimous resistance to Japan.

On December 7, he was appointed chairman of the Revolutionary Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee.

On December 12, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng carried out "military advice" in Xi'an and detained Chiang Kai Shek. Mao Zedong and the CPC Central Committee analyzed the complicated political situation at that time, determined the policy of peacefully resolving the Xi'an Incident, and sent Zhou Enlai and others to Xi'an to participate in negotiations to promote the peaceful settlement of the incident.

In December, he wrote "strategic issues of China's revolutionary war".

1937

Mao Zedong in Yan'an

Mao Zedong in Yan'an

On January 13, he entered Yan'an with the CPC Central Committee and the Central Military Commission.

On February 9, he attended the meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, which discussed and adopted the "telegram from the CPC Central Committee to the Third Plenary Session of the Kuomintang Central Committee", and put forward five national policies and four guarantees. This document has actually become a program for the KMT CPC cooperation negotiations.

In March, he met with American journalist Smedley and answered some questions she raised about the Sino Japanese War and the Xi'an Incident.

From April to July, he taught dialectical materialism in the Anti Japanese military and Political University. Two sections were later sorted into "theory of practice" and "theory of contradiction".

In May, at the National Congress of the Communist Party of China, he made a report on the tasks of the Communist Party of China during the period of resistance against Japan and a conclusion on the struggle for millions of people to enter the Anti Japanese national united front.

On July 7, the Lugouqiao Incident broke out and the national war of resistance against Japan began.

On July 23, he published the "principles, methods and future of opposing Japan's attack", proposing the principles and policies of resolute resistance and opposing compromise and concession.

From August 22 to 25, he attended the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held in Luochuan, Northern Shaanxi, emphasized the principle of independence and autonomy in the United Front, clarified the strategic policy of independent mountain guerrilla warfare, and served as secretary of the newly formed Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee.

On August 25, he issued a joint order with Zhu De and Zhou Enlai on the reorganization of the Red Army into the Eighth Route Army of the national revolutionary army. Subsequently, he guided the Eighth Route Army to the Anti Japanese front line.

On November 12, he made a report on the situation and tasks of the Anti Japanese war after the fall of Shanghai and Taiyuan at the Yan'an party activists' meeting, which comprehensively expounded his views on the united front and the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.

In December, he attended the meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and made a speech. In view of Wang Ming's right capitulationism of "everything passes through the United Front", he reiterated and adhered to the principles and policies determined at the Luochuan meeting.

1938

Speech at the Chinese people's Anti Japanese military and Political University

Speech at the Chinese people's Anti Japanese military and Political University

In spring, the Eighth Route Army made a decision to enter the plain area from the mountains of North China to carry out guerrilla warfare.

In May, he published the article "strategic issues of Anti Japanese guerrilla war".

From May 26 to June 3, he gave a speech on protracted war at the Yan'an Anti Japanese War Research Association. This paper comprehensively analyzes the era of the Sino Japanese War and the basic characteristics of China and Japan, refutes the theory of rapid victory and national subjugation, and expounds the general policy of protracted war in China's Anti Japanese war.

From September 14 to 27, attended the meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. Wang Jiaxiang conveyed the instructions of Comintern, saying that the leading organs of the CPC Central Committee should take Mao Zedong as the leader to solve the problem of unified leadership. Mao Zedong made a long speech at the meeting.

From September 29 to November 6, he attended the Sixth Plenary Session of the sixth enlarged central committee of the Communist Party of China and made a political report and conference conclusions on the new stage. The meeting approved the line of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee headed by Mao Zedong.

1939

On February 2, he made a speech at the production mobilization meeting of the party, government and army in Yan'an, calling for self-help to overcome economic difficulties.

On February 5, he delivered a speech on "opposing capitulationism" at the Party School of the CPC Central Committee.

In late April, he wrote the article "May 4th Movement".

On May 4, he gave a speech on the direction of the youth movement at the Yan'an Youth Conference Commemorating the 20th anniversary of the May 4th movement.

From July to August, he made several reports condemning the Kuomintang diehards for creating anti Communist friction and calling for continued unity in the war of resistance.

On September 16, he talked with three reporters of the Central News Agency, Mopan Bao and Xinmin Bao, reiterating the principle of self-defense against the anti Communist friction created by the Kuomintang diehards, which is "if anyone does not offend me, I will not offend; if anyone offends me, I will offend".

On October 4, the "Communist Party" published a speech, which clarified that the United Front, armed struggle and Party building are the three magic weapons for the Chinese revolution to defeat the enemy and win.

On December 1, draft a decision on absorbing a large number of intellectuals for the CPC Central Committee.

On December 21, he wrote an article in memory of Norman Bethune for the Norman Bethune Memorial album compiled by the political department and the Ministry of health of the Eighth Route Army.

In the same month, he worked with others to write the Chinese revolution and the Communist Party of China.

From December to march of the following year, the leaders fought back the Kuomintang diehards for the first anti Communist climax.

1940

In January, he published the theory of new democracy, which systematically discussed the theory and program of the new democratic revolution.

On March 6, he drafted instructions for the CPC Central Committee on the issue of political power in the Anti Japanese base areas and proposed the implementation of the "three three three systems".

On March 11, he made a report on "strategic issues in the current anti Japanese United Front", summarized the experience of defeating the first anti Communist climax, and put forward the strategic thought of "developing progressive forces, striving for intermediate forces and opposing stubborn forces" and the principles of rationality, advantage and restraint.

On May 4, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China drafted a directive to the Southeast Bureau and the New Fourth Army, emphasizing the need to let go of the expansion of the army and resist the attack of anti Communist die hards, and pointed out the need to adopt the policy of struggle "to deal with possible national emergencies".

In late June, he made a report at the meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, analyzed the international situation and its impact on China's war of resistance against Japan, and pointed out that we should not only be vigilant against sudden incidents launched by the diehards of the Kuomintang, but also strive to improve the current situation.

In November, Zhu De, Peng Dehuai, Ye Ting, Xiang Ying, he Yingqin and Bai Chongxi drafted the telegram "Haodian" (Jiadian), which clearly refuted the unreasonable accusations of Haodian against the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army.

In December, he talked with comrades who came back from the front line to study at the Central Party school and stressed the importance of cadres being proficient in Marxism Leninism.

1941-1950

1941

In early January, the southern Anhui incident occurred.

On January 20, he drafted an order for the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China to rebuild the military headquarters of the New Fourth Army, issued a talk on the southern Anhui Incident to Xinhua News Agency reporters, and solemnly put forward 12 ways to solve the southern Anhui Incident.

On May 1, the revised policy program for the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region approved by the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee was issued, stipulating that the construction of political power in the border region should implement the principle of "three three systems".

On May 8, the party drafted the "summary on fighting back the second anti Communist climax", which put forward the strategic thought of "fighting against each other and pulling against each other" and winning over the centrists.

On May 19, he made a report on "transforming our study" at the Yan'an cadres' meeting, proposing to oppose subjectivism and clarify the ideological principle of seeking truth from facts.

On August 1, draft the decision on investigation and research for the CPC Central Committee.

From September 10 to October 22, he attended the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and made a report against subjectivism and sectarianism.

On September 26, the CPC Central Committee made the decision on senior learning group and established a central learning group headed by Mao Zedong.

In autumn and winter, he successively presided over the editing of the party's historical literature collections such as since the Sixth National Congress, before the Sixth National Congress and the two lines.

1942

On February 1, he made a report on "rectifying the party's style" at the opening ceremony of the Party School of the CPC Central Committee.

On February 8, he made a speech on "eight parts of the opposition party" at the cadre meeting convened by the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee.

In May, he delivered a speech and made a conclusion at the Symposium of literary and art workers in Yan'an.

On September 7, he wrote an editorial for Yan'an Liberation Daily, discussing that streamlining troops and simplifying administration is an extremely important policy.

In December, he submitted a long written report on economic and financial issues to the senior cadres meeting of the Northwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, discussing the general policy of financial and economic work of "developing the economy and ensuring supply".

1943

On March 20, he was presumed to be the chairman of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the chairman of the Central Secretariat at the meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee.

On May 26, he made a report on the dissolution of Comintern at the cadre conference held by the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee.

On June 1, draft a decision on leadership methods for the CPC Central Committee.

On July 1, he wrote to Kang Sheng, pointing out that the "anti adultery" work should be investigated and studied, distinguish right from wrong, educate the masses and oppose "coercion, confession and letter".

On July 12, he wrote an editorial of questioning the Kuomintang for Yan'an Liberation Daily, exposing the plot of the Kuomintang diehards to attack the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region.

From early September to early October, he presided over the meeting held by the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee during this period, criticized Wang Ming's "left" adventurism mistakes during the ten-year civil war and right opportunism mistakes in the early stage of the war of resistance against Japan, and made several speeches and summaries at the meeting.

In December, the inscription "seeking truth from facts" was completed for the auditorium of the Central Party school.

1944

On April 12 and May 20, he gave lectures on learning and the current situation at the senior cadres meeting of the Northwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the first Department of the Central Party school.

On May 15, Lin Boqu, who negotiated with the representatives of the Kuomintang in Xi'an, put forward the opinion drafted by him as the specific content of the negotiation. The opinion put forward 20 opinions on national politics and pending cases between the two parties.

On May 21, he was elected chairman of the Central Committee and chairman of the presidium of the seventh plenary session of the expanded sixth CPC Central Committee.

On June 5, the draft instruction of the CPC Central Committee on urban work was discussed and adopted at the seventh plenary session of the sixth CPC Central Committee.

From June to August, he met many times with members of the northwest visiting group of Chinese and foreign journalists and members of the U.S. military observation team in Yan'an to elaborate on the Anti Japanese policy of the Communist Party of China and the relations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.

On September 8, he delivered a speech on "serving the people" at Zhang side's memorial service.

On October 31, he presided over the presidium meeting of the seventh plenary session of the sixth CPC Central Committee and decided to send Wang Zhen and Wang Shoudao to lead the Department South to "establish a base area centered on Hengshan".

In November, Hurley, the personal representative of US President Roosevelt and Zhou Enlai, held talks on KMT Communist relations for many times and reached five draft agreements. The draft agreement was rejected by Chiang Kai Shek.

1945

Portraits of Mao Zedong (II)

Portraits of Mao Zedong (II) (18)

On April 20, he attended the last meeting of the seventh plenary session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. The meeting basically adopted the resolution on several historical issues, which was significantly revised by Mao Zedong many times.

From April 23 to June 11, presided over the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China, delivered opening and closing speeches (the fate of two Chinas) and submitted a written political report on the coalition government to the Congress. The Congress decided to take Mao Zedong Thought as the guideline for all the work of the whole party.

On June 19, he was elected chairman of the Central Committee at the first plenary session of the seventh CPC Central Committee.

In July, he held talks with six people including Chu Fucheng and Huang Yanpei, members of the National Political Consultative Conference, on KMT Communist relations. When it comes to jumping out of the "periodic law" of the rise and fall of political parties and groups through the "new road" of democracy.

On August 9, the statement "the last war against the Japanese aggressors" was issued.

On August 13, he delivered a speech on the current situation and our policy after the victory of the war of resistance against Japan, which proposed the policy of tit for tat and fighting for every inch of land against the Kuomintang to strive for domestic peace and democracy.

On August 28, he went to Chongqing for peace talks with Chiang Kai Shek.

On September 2, the Japanese government officially signed the letter of surrender. China's Anti Japanese war ended successfully.

On October 10, the minutes of talks between representatives of the national government and the Communist Party of China (hereinafter referred to as the "double ten agreement") was signed in Chongqing. On the 11th, I returned to Yan'an.

On October 17, he made a report on the Chongqing negotiations at the Yan'an cadres' meeting, pointing out that the Chinese revolution "has a bright future and a tortuous road".

On December 28, the instruction of establishing a consolidated northeast base was drafted.

1946

In April, he wrote several estimates on the current international situation.

On June 26, the Kuomintang army launched a large-scale attack on the liberated areas of the Central Plains, and an all-round civil war broke out.

On July 4, the south line field army made the strategic decision of "fighting several victories on the inner line first and then turning to the outer line".

On July 20, the inner-party instruction of "smashing Chiang Kai Shek's attack by self-defense war" was drafted.

On August 6, he met with American reporter strong and put forward the famous conclusion that "all reactionaries are paper tigers".

On September 16, he drafted the instruction of "concentrating superior forces and annihilating the enemy" for the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China.

On October 1, he drafted inner-party instructions for the CPC Central Committee to sum up the experience of the three-month war.

Move to northern Shaanxi (Center)

Move to northern Shaanxi (Center)

On November 18, the name "people's Liberation War" was used for the first time in the inner-party instructions drafted for the CPC Central Committee.

1947

On March 18, he led the central organs of the CPC and the headquarters of the people's Liberation Army to evacuate Yan'an and began a one-year war in Northern Shaanxi.

From March to August, he led the Northwest Field Army to win the battles of Qinghuabian, yangmahe, Panlong and shajiadian, smashing the Kuomintang's key attack on the liberated areas of Northern Shaanxi.

From July 21 to 23, he presided over a meeting of the CPC Central Committee in Xiaohe village, Jingbian County, Northern Shaanxi, and put forward the idea of solving Chiang Kai Shek's struggle in five years (from July 1946). Before and after that, Liu Deng, Chen Su and Chen Xie were deployed to cross the Yellow River and turn into a strategic attack.

In October, the "Declaration of the Chinese people's Liberation Army" was drafted, putting forward the slogan of "overthrowing Chiang Kai Shek and liberating the whole of China".

In November, the "how to divide classes" and the "decision on some issues in the land struggle" drafted in 1933 were reissued to the whole party to guide the correct development of the land reform movement in the liberated areas.

From December 25 to 28, Yang Jiagou, Mizhi County, Northern Shaanxi, presided over the meeting of the CPC Central Committee (that is, the December meeting), submitted a written report on the current situation and our tasks to the meeting, and put forward the ten military principles and the three economic programs of new democracy.

1948

On January 18, the draft decision on several important issues in the current party's policies was drafted for the CPC Central Committee.

On March 23, the war in Northern Shaanxi ended, crossed the Yellow River to the East and went to the liberated areas of North China.

With Liu Yazi

With Liu Yazi

On April 1, he delivered an important speech at the meeting of cadres from caijiaya to Jinsui in Xingxian County, Shanxi Province, clarifying the party's general line of the new democratic revolution and the general line of land reform.

From April 30 to May 7, he presided over an expanded meeting of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee in Nanzhuang, Fuping County, Hebei Province, and put forward some opinions on guiding the war to the Kuomintang ruled areas, developing production and strengthening discipline.

On May 1, he wrote to Li Jishen and Shen Junru, proposing that a democratic coalition government should be established and a new political consultation meeting should be held first.

On May 27, he arrived at Xibaipo village, Pingshan County, Hebei Province, where the working committee of the CPC Central Committee is located.

From September 8 to 13, he presided over a meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee in Xibaipo and made important reports on war, the founding of the people's Republic of China, finance and other issues.

From September to January of the following year, he organized and commanded the three major strategic decisive battles of Liaoshen, Huaihai and Pingjin to gather and annihilate the main force of the Kuomintang army in the north of the Yangtze River.

On December 30, he wrote the 1949 New Year's dedication "carry the revolution to the end" for Xinhua news agency.

1949

In March, he presided over the second plenary session of the seventh CPC Central Committee and put forward the guidelines and basic policies for realizing the shift of the party's work focus, winning national victory and building a new China.

On March 25, led the organs of the CPC Central Committee and the headquarters of the people's Liberation Army to Beiping.

Portraits of Mao Zedong (III)

Portraits of Mao Zedong (III) (18 pieces)

On April 21, when the Nanjing government refused to accept the "domestic peace agreement", they jointly issued the "order to march across the country" with Zhu De.

On April 23, the people's liberation army occupied Nanjing and wrote the poem "Seven Laws: the people's liberation army occupied Nanjing".

From June 15 to 19, he attended the first plenary meeting of the preparatory meeting of the new CPPCC and delivered a speech at the opening ceremony.

The people's dictatorship was published on June 30.

On July 4, he called Cheng Qian back, praised Cheng's policy of opposing Chiang Kai Shek and Guangxi and peacefully resolving the Hunan issue, and made arrangements for relevant matters.

From September 21 to 30, he attended the first plenary session of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference, delivered an opening speech and was elected chairman of the Central People's government. The meeting adopted the "common program" drafted by Zhou Enlai and reviewed and revised by him many times.

On October 1, the people's Republic of China was founded and presided over the founding ceremony.

On December 5, the "instruction on the army's participation in production and construction in 1950" was issued.

On December 16, he arrived in Moscow and visited the Soviet Union for the first time. On February 14, 1950, China and the Soviet Union signed the Sino Soviet Treaty of friendship, alliance and mutual assistance.

From December to the beginning of the next year, specific arrangements will be made for the peaceful liberation of Tibet.

1950

From June 6 to 9, presided over the Third Plenary Session of the seventh CPC Central Committee, submitted a written report on "fighting for the basic improvement of the national financial and economic situation" and made a speech on "don't attack from all sides".

On June 28, presided over the eighth meeting of the Central People's Government Committee and adopted the land reform law of the people's Republic of China.

In early October, he presided over the meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and made the decision of "resisting US aggression and aiding Korea and protecting the country".

On October 8, an order was issued to form the Chinese people's Volunteer Army, ordering the volunteer army to immediately dispatch to the territory of North Korea to assist the North Korean people, and Peng Dehuai was appointed commander and political commissar of the volunteer army. Then he personally directed the first to third campaigns.

After October, he launched and led the suppression of the counter revolutionary movement.

1951-1960

1951

In February, the thought of "three-year preparation and ten-year planned economic construction" was put forward at the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee.

On May 20, the article "we should pay attention to the discussion of the film" Wu Xun Zhuan "was published in the form of an editorial of the people's daily.

On May 24, a banquet was held to celebrate the signing of the agreement on measures for the peaceful liberation of Tibet. So far, the Chinese mainland has been liberated all over the territory.

In September, he presided over the formulation of the resolution of the CPC Central Committee on mutual assistance and cooperation in agricultural production (Draft).

On October 12, the first volume of selected works of Mao Zedong was published. Volume II and Volume III were published in April 1952 and April 1953, respectively.

In December, the "three anti" campaign against corruption, waste and bureaucracy was launched.

1952

In January, he presided over the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and adopted the decision on carrying out a learning campaign for the ideological transformation of people from all walks of life.

On January 26, it drafted instructions for the CPC Central Committee on carrying out the "five evils" campaign ("five evils", i.e. opposing bribery, tax evasion, theft and fraud of state property, shoddy work and materials, and theft and fraud of national economic intelligence).

On April 6, he drafted the "instructions on the working principles for Tibet" for the CPC Central Committee.

On August 9, the outline for the implementation of regional national autonomy of the people's Republic of China was issued.

In September, the general line for the transition period began to be proposed.

1953

On January 13, the constitution Drafting Committee of the people's Republic of China was established as the chairman.

On March 26, he drafted instructions for the CPC Central Committee on opposing Han chauvinism.

On June 15, he made a speech at the meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, giving a relatively complete description of the party's general line in the transitional period.

On July 27, the Korean Armistice Agreement was officially signed in Panmunjom.

On September 7, he talked with some representatives of democratic parties and business circles and pointed out that state capitalism is the only way to transform capitalist industry and commerce.

On October 15 and November 4, he talked with the head of the Rural Work Department of the CPC Central Committee twice. It is pointed out that the rural work departments at all levels should regard mutual assistance and cooperation as an extremely important thing.

1954

In January, he began to preside over the drafting of the constitution of the people's Republic of China in Hangzhou.

On March 23, he presided over the first meeting of the constitution Drafting Committee and put forward the first draft of the constitution of the people's Republic of China.

From September 15 to 28, he attended the first plenary session of the first session of the National People's Congress, delivered the opening speech "strive for building a great socialist country", and was elected president of the people's Republic of China.

On September 28, the Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee was formed as chairman.

On October 16, he wrote a letter on the study of the dream of Red Mansions to the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and relevant comrades.

On October 19, in a conversation with Indian Prime Minister Nehru, he proposed that the five principles of peaceful coexistence should be extended to all state relations.

1955

On January 15, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping were instructed to "thoroughly criticize Hu Feng's bourgeois idealism and anti party and anti people Literary and artistic thought."

In March, he delivered an opening speech and made a conclusion at the National Congress of the Communist Party of China, calling on cadres to study the problem of socialist industrialization and become experts in this field.

On May 12, the policy of eliminating counter revolutionaries was put forward at the Supreme State Council.

On June 9, an inscription was inscribed on the Tiananmen Square monument to the people's Heroes: the people's heroes will live forever.

On July 31, he made a report on agricultural cooperation at the meeting of secretaries of provincial, municipal and autonomous regional party committees convened by the CPC Central Committee.

From September to December, he presided over the editing of the book "the climax of socialism in rural China", and wrote two preface and 104 notes.

From October 4 to 11, presided over the Sixth Plenary Session of the seventh CPC Central Committee and adopted the resolution on agricultural cooperation.

On October 29, the executive members of the all China Federation of industry and commerce were invited to discuss the socialist transformation of private industry and commerce.

On December 16, the draft instruction of the Central Committee on the issue of intellectuals was revised, proposing to train a large number of intellectuals and pay attention to absorbing senior intellectuals into the party.

1956

On January 20, he made a speech at the meeting on intellectuals held by the CPC Central Committee, calling on the whole party to study scientific knowledge hard, unite with non Party Intellectuals and strive to quickly catch up with the advanced level of world science.

On January 25, presided over the Supreme State Council to formally discuss and adopt the national agricultural development outline (Draft) from 1956 to 1967 (i.e. 40 articles).

From February to March, we listened to the reports of 34 central working departments and conducted systematic investigation and Research on economic construction.

In early April, the "historical experience of the dictatorship of the proletariat" was reviewed and revised.

On April 25, he made a report on the ten major relations at the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee.

On April 27, the signature was cremated after his death.

On April 28, the policy of "letting a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend" was put forward at the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee.

On August 22, presided over the seventh plenary session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and put forward two work priorities, one is socialist transformation, the other is economic construction, and the main of the two priorities is construction.

Opening speech at the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China

Opening speech at the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China

From September 15 to 27, he presided over the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China and delivered an opening speech. During the Eighth National Congress, the importance of strengthening economic construction was emphasized again.

On September 28, he was elected chairman of the Central Committee at the first plenary session of the Eighth CPC Central Committee.

On November 15, he made a speech at the second plenary session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China: our economic construction has retreated and advanced, and the main thing is to advance.

In December, the review and reform of "on the historical experience of proletarian dictatorship".

1957

On February 27, he delivered a speech on Correctly Handling Contradictions among the people, and put forward two kinds of contradiction theories.

On March 12, he made a speech at the national propaganda conference of the Communist Party of China, announcing the start of rectification within the party.

On April 30, leaders of various democratic parties were invited to have a discussion and asked them to help the Communist Party in rectification.

On May 15, he wrote the article "things are changing", and then launched the anti rightist struggle, which made a serious expansion mistake.

From September 20 to October 9, he presided over the Third Plenary Session of the Eighth CPC Central Committee. At the meeting, he objected to the discussion on the main contradictions of Chinese society in the resolution of the Eighth National Congress and believed that it should return to the formulation of the second plenary session of the seventh CPC Central Committee.

In November, he led a Chinese party and government delegation to visit the Soviet Union, participated in the celebration of the 40th anniversary of the October Revolution, and attended the representative meetings of the Communist Party and the workers' party. During this period, it was proposed that the output of China's main industrial products should catch up with and surpass that of Britain within 15 years.

1958

In January, he presided over the Nanning meeting of the CPC Central Committee and drafted 60 working methods (Draft). At the meeting, he criticized "anti rash advance".

In March, he presided over the Chengdu meeting of the CPC Central Committee. The meeting continued to criticize the "anti rash advance" and greatly improved the economic indicators formulated.

From May 5 to 23, presided over the second session of the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The meeting changed the relevant conclusions of the first session of the Eighth National Congress and held that the struggle between two classes and two roads is still the main contradiction in China. The meeting adopted the general line of "summoning up enthusiasm, striving for the top, and building socialism more quickly, better and economically".

From July 31 to August 3, he held talks with Khrushchev, the first Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and rejected the Soviet proposal to establish a joint fleet and a long wave radio station that violated China's sovereignty.

From July to August, artillery shelling was deployed in Kinmen.

On August 6, he inspected qiliying people's commune in Xinxiang, Henan Province. When it comes to "the name of the people's commune is good".

From August 17 to 30, the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee was presided over in Beidaihe, and the resolution on the establishment of people's communes in rural areas was adopted.

From November 2 to 10, he presided over the first Zhengzhou meeting and began to correct the "left" mistakes in the "great leap forward" and the people's communization movement. During the meeting, he wrote a letter to the party committees at the four levels above the county level, asking to study the "socialist economic problems of the Soviet Union" and "manlies on Communist society".

From November 28 to December 10, the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eighth CPC Central Committee was presided over in Wuchang, and the "resolution on several issues of the people's commune" was adopted.

1959

He presided over the second Zhengzhou meeting from February 27 to March 5, and held the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the seventh plenary session of the Eighth Central Committee in Shanghai from March 25 to April 5 to continue to correct the "left" mistakes.

In April, according to Mao Zedong's opinion, the first session of the second National People's Congress passed a resolution that he would no longer serve as president and Liu Shaoqi would serve as president.

From June 25 to 28, I returned to my hometown Shaoshan.

From July 2 to August 16, he presided over the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the Eighth Plenary Session of the Eighth CPC Central Committee in Lushan. The enlarged meeting of the Politburo was originally intended to further correct the "left" mistakes, but it mistakenly launched a criticism of Peng Dehuai and others at the later stage and the subsequent Eighth Plenary Session of the Eighth CPC Central Committee.

On August 24, it was suggested to remove the hat for the Rightists and pardon a group of war criminals who did turn evil into good in stages and batches. On September 17, the CPC Central Committee issued the "instruction on taking off the hat of Rightists who really repent"; The ninth meeting of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress adopted the "decision on amnesty for criminals who have indeed turned evil into good".

From December 10 to February 9 of the following year, a reading group with the participation of Chen Boda, Hu Sheng, Deng Liqun and Tian Jiaying was organized to study and discuss the Soviet Union's Political Economy (Textbook) in Hangzhou, Shanghai and Guangzhou, and made many speeches.

1960

In March, the fourth volume of selected works of Mao Zedong was examined and approved in Guangzhou. Published in September.

On March 30, the "instructions on opposing bureaucracy" was drafted for the CPC Central Committee.

From June 14 to 18, he presided over the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee in Shanghai, wrote the "ten year summary", re emphasized the principle of seeking truth from facts, and proposed to seriously study the laws of socialist revolution and construction.

From July 5 to August 10, presided over the working meeting of the CPC Central Committee held in Beidaihe to study international issues and domestic economic adjustment.

On November 15, the "instructions on thoroughly correcting the" five ethos "problem" was drafted for the CPC Central Committee. (the "five winds", namely, the Communist wind, the wind of exaggeration, the wind of command, the wind of special cadres and the wind of blind command.)

1961-1970

1961

Portraits of Mao Zedong (VII)

Portraits of Mao Zedong (VII) (19)

From January 14 to 18, he presided over the Ninth Plenary Session of the Eighth CPC Central Committee and called for the vigorous development of investigation and research. The meeting formally approved the eight character policy for adjusting the national economy. After the meeting, organize and lead three investigation teams to conduct in-depth investigation and research in the rural areas of Zhejiang, Hunan and Guangdong.

From May 21 to June 12, presided over the working meeting of the CPC Central Committee to discuss the revision of the regulations on the work of rural people's communes (Draft) (i.e. 60 articles of Agriculture). It stipulates that the supply system should be abolished; Whether to run a canteen or not is entirely up to the members to discuss and decide.

From August 23 to September 16, he presided over the working meeting of the CPC Central Committee in Lushan to discuss issues such as industry, grain, finance and trade, education and so on. The meeting emphasized the practical implementation of the eight character policy of adjusting the economy.

On September 29, it was proposed that "three-level ownership, team based", and the basic accounting units of rural people's communes were decentralized to the production team.

1962

From January 11 to February 7, he presided over the enlarged central working conference of the Communist Party of China (also known as the "7000 people's Congress") and made an important speech on the issue of democratic centralism.

From July to September, the working conference of the CPC Central Committee and the 10th plenary session of the Eighth CPC Central Committee were held in Beidaihe and Beijing, criticizing the so-called "dark wind", "solo wind" and "overturning wind", making speeches on class, situation, contradictions and inner-party unity, and further developing the wrong argument that class struggle is the main contradiction in socialist society.

1963

From February 11 to 28, the working meeting of the CPC Central Committee was held. The meeting determined to carry out the "four Qing" movement in rural areas and the "five anti" movement in cities.

On March 5, the inscription "learn from Comrade Lei Feng" was published in the people's daily.

In May, he presided over the formulation of the decision of the CPC Central Committee on Several Issues concerning current rural work (Draft) (hereinafter referred to as the "top ten articles") in Hangzhou as a programmatic document to guide the "four Qing" in rural areas.

On December 16, I listened to Nie Rongzhen's report on the ten-year plan for science and technology, pointing out that without science and technology, productivity cannot be improved.

In December, the first instruction on literary and artistic work was made.

1964

On February 13, a symposium on education was convened to put forward the idea of reforming the education system.

In May, when listening to the report on the third five year plan, he put forward the idea of two fists (agriculture and national defense) and one butt (basic industry); It also puts forward the strategic layout of dividing the whole country into the first, second and third lines.

On June 15 and 16, I watched the military training report performance of Beijing and Jinan troops.

On June 16, at a small meeting held at the Ming Tombs in Beijing, he made a speech on training successors to the proletarian revolutionary cause.

In June, the literary and artistic work was given instructions again, and the literary and artistic circles further expanded to other fields of ideology and mistakenly carried out excessive political criticism.

On October 16, China's first atomic bomb exploded successfully.

From December 15 to 28, he presided over the central working conference to discuss the formulation of some problems currently raised in the rural socialist education movement (hereinafter referred to as "Article 23"), which partially corrected the "left" practice in the "four Qing" movement, but mistakenly put forward that "the focus of the movement is to consolidate those in power who take the capitalist road in the party".

1965

From May 22 to 29, he returned to Jinggangshan.

On July 27, he met with acting president Li Zongren and his wife of the former Kuomintang government who returned from overseas.

In early November, he approved the publication of the article "comment on the new historical drama" Hai Rui's dismissal ", which opened the prelude to the" Cultural Revolution ".

1966

On March 12, he wrote to Liu Shaoqi, proposing to "prepare for war and famine for the people".

At the end of March, he wrongly accused the five member group of Cultural Revolution, which was chaired by Peng Zhen, of formulating the "report outline on the current academic discussion".

On May 7, the "May 7 directive" was issued, proposing that the people's Liberation Army "should be a big school", that all walks of life should focus on their own work, "learn different things at the same time", and that education should be revolutionary.

On May 16, the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee passed the notice of the CPC Central Committee formulated under the auspices of Mao Zedong, which made a serious wrong estimate of the political situation of the party and the country at that time.

From August 1 to 12, presided over the 11th plenary session of the Eighth CPC Central Committee and adopted the decision on the Proletarian Cultural Revolution. During the meeting, it printed and distributed the "artillery command - my big character newspaper" written by Mao Zedong on the 5th, criticizing Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping without naming names. The enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee in May and the convening of this meeting marked the full launch of the "Cultural Revolution".

From August 18 to November 26, he received teachers and students from colleges and universities and red guards from all over the country for eight times in Beijing.

1967

In January, he expressed support for the "January revolution" in Shanghai. Since then, the wind of seizing power spread all over the country.

On January 23, the instruction issued the "decision of the Chinese people's Liberation Army to firmly support the masses of the revolutionary left".

On February 11 and 16, Tan Zhenlin, Chen Yi, Ye Jianying, Li Fuchun, Li Xiannian, Xu Qianqian, Nie Rongzhen and others were dissatisfied with the perverse actions of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing, and strongly criticized the wrong practices of the "Cultural Revolution", which was to "make a big fuss in Huairen hall". After listening to the report of the Central Cultural Revolution Group, Mao Zedong expressed his dissatisfaction.

On June 17, China's first hydrogen bomb exploded successfully.

From July to September, he inspected North China, Central South China and East China, called for "realizing the great unity of revolution" and pointed out that "treat cadres correctly".

At the end of August, it was approved that Wang Li and Guan Feng, members of the Central Cultural Revolution Group, should be subject to quarantine examination. In January 1968, Qi Benyu was examined in isolation.

1968

On January 16, he gave important instructions on the so-called "Notice of Wu Hao and others leaving the Communist Party" and other materials sent by Jiang Qing and others: "the matter has been clarified for a long time, and it is the Kuomintang's rumor and slander", which failed to succeed in their attempt to frame Zhou Enlai.

From October 13 to 31, he presided over the 12th plenary session of the Eighth CPC Central Committee. Under extremely abnormal circumstances, he adopted the wrong decision to frame Liu Shaoqi and expel him from the party.

On December 22, the instruction "it is necessary for educated youth to go to the countryside and receive re education from poor and lower middle peasants" was published in the people's daily. The upsurge of educated youth going to the mountains and countryside began.

1969

From April 1 to 24, presided over the Ninth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, approved the wrong theory and practice of the "Cultural Revolution", and designated Lin Biao as the successor into the party constitution.

On April 28, he was re elected chairman of the Central Committee at the first plenary session of the ninth CPC Central Committee.

1970

On April 24, China's first man-made earth satellite was successfully launched.

On May 20, it published "people all over the world unite to defeat the American invaders and all their running dogs!" Statement of.

From August 23 to September 6, he presided over the second plenary session of the ninth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Lushan and wrote my opinion to expose and thwart the conspiracy of Lin Biao and Chen Boda to seize power.

On December 18, he met with American friend snow and expressed welcome to US President Nixon's visit to China.

1971-1976

1971

From August to September, during his inspection tour in the south, he talked with the heads of the local party, government and army for many times to expose Lin Biao's plot. On the way, he changed his action plan several times and returned to Beijing on September 12 to smash the counter revolutionary armed coup plot of Lin Biao group.

On September 13, Zhou Enlai and others decisively handled the defection of Lin Biao. When Zhou Enlai asked whether to intercept Lin Biao's plane, Mao Zedong said: "let him go".

On October 25, the 26th UN General Assembly adopted a resolution by an overwhelming majority to restore all the legitimate rights of the people's Republic of China in the United Nations and expel the representatives of the Chiang Kai Shek group.

On November 14, I received comrades attending the symposium in Chengdu to rehabilitate the so-called "February countercurrent".

1972

On January 10, he attended Chen Yi's memorial service.

On February 21, he met with visiting US President Nixon; On the 28th, China and the United States issued a joint communique in Shanghai, deciding to normalize China US relations.

On September 27th, the cabinet of ministers met with Japanese Prime Minister Hiroshi Nakata; On the 29th, the Chinese and Japanese governments issued a joint statement announcing the normalization of China Japan diplomatic relations and the formal establishment of diplomatic relations.

1973

In March, it was proposed to reinstate Deng Xiaoping as vice premier of the State Council.

From August 24 to 28, he presided over the 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, which enabled a group of older generation proletarian revolutionaries to re-enter the Central Committee, but at the same time, the power of Jiangqing group was also strengthened.

On August 30, he was elected chairman of the Central Committee at the first plenary session of the 10th CPC Central Committee.

In December, Deng Xiaoping was proposed to be a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and chief of the general staff of the people's Liberation Army. He also proposed to rehabilitate he long, Luo Ruiqing, Yang Chengwu, Yu Lijin and Fu Chongbi.

1974

On January 18, it was approved to forward the materials of Lin Biao and the way of Confucius and Mencius. The movement of "criticizing Lin and Confucius" began.

On February 22, he met with Zambian President Kaunda and put forward the idea of dividing the "Three Worlds".

On July 17, at the meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Wang Hongwen, Zhang Chunqiao, Jiang Qing and Yao Wenyuan were criticized for gang activities, and the issue of the "Gang of four" was raised for the first time.

On September 29, with the approval of Mao Zedong, the CPC Central Committee rehabilitated he long.

On October 4, Deng Xiaoping was proposed to assume the post of first vice premier of the State Council.

On November 12, he gave instructions to Jiang Qing's letter, criticizing her ambition of "forming a cabinet", and clearly pointed out that "you should not form a cabinet (be the boss behind the scenes)".

1975

From January 13 to 17, the first session of the Fourth National People's Congress was held in Beijing. The meeting reaffirmed the realization of the four modernizations within this century, elected members of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress with Zhu De as chairman, and appointed Zhou Enlai as premier and Deng Xiaoping as Vice Premier. After the meeting, Zhou Enlai was seriously ill, and Deng Xiaoping actually presided over the work of the State Council.

In February, with the support of Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping began to lead the adjustment and rectification of railways, education and other aspects.

On May 3, members of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a talk in Beijing, stressing the need for Marxism Leninism, unity and fairness, and criticizing the gang of four again.

On July 14, he delivered a speech on literature and art, pointing out that the party's literature and art policy should be adjusted.

In late November, he reviewed and approved the key points of greeting speech and mistakenly launched the so-called movement of "criticizing Deng Xiaoping and counteracting the trend of rightist overturning the case".

1976

On January 8, Zhou Enlai died in Beijing.

On January 21 and 28, Hua Guofeng was proposed to be acting premier of the State Council and preside over the daily work of the Central Committee.

From late March to April 5, millions of people in Beijing spontaneously went to Tiananmen Square for several days to present flower circles and poems, mourn Zhou Enlai and denounce the gang of four. Mao Zedong mistakenly approved the report denying the "Tiananmen incident".

On April 7, according to Mao Zedong's proposal, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee passed the resolution of the CPC Central Committee on Comrade Hua Guofeng's appointment as the first vice chairman of the CPC Central Committee and Premier of the State Council and the resolution on the dismissal of Deng Xiaoping from all positions inside and outside the party.

He died in Beijing on September 9.

Selected works of Mao Zedong: a collection of Mao Zedong's main works.

Collected works of Mao Zedong: compiled by the literature research office of the CPC Central Committee and published successively by the people's Publishing House since 1993. It has incorporated important manuscripts of Mao Zedong other than selected works of Mao Zedong.

Mao Zedong's Poems: the old style poems created by Mao Zedong.