Guo Tu

Guo Tu

Guo Tu (?)? He was born in Yingchuan (now Yuzhou City, Henan Province). Yuan Shao was a counselor in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. During the battle of Guandu, Li Zhu took the opportunity to attack Cao Ying. In order to avoid punishment, Zhang Ying and Gao Lan, who led the army to attack Cao Ying, were blamed. As a result, they backed yuan to Cao. After his death, Yuan Shao worked for his eldest son, Yuan Tan, who was killed by Cao Cao in 205.

Life of the characters

Yuan Shao

Guo Tu (?)? In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, yuan Shaozhang was a counselor. In the early stage, he was a planning official under Yingchuan Taishou's yinxiu department, and had a small reputation. In the first year of Zhongping (189), Liangzhou warlord Dong Zhuo took charge of Luoyang. With the emperor's command, he granted Han Fu the title of animal husbandry in Jizhou. Han Fu recruited his fellow countrymen Guo Tu, Xin Ping and others to Jizhou to conspire for major events. In 191, Xin Ping, Xun Chen, Gao Gan, Zhang Dao and Guo Tu convinced Han Fu to transfer Jizhou animal husbandry to Yuan Shao. After Yuan Shao became Jizhou animal husbandry, Guo TU was invited to join Yuan Shao's camp. In the winter of the second year of Xingping (195), Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty was chased by Li Xi, Guo Si and others in Caoyang. He advised Yuan Shao: "the general has been the Prime Minister of the imperial court for generations, and has helped the country with loyalty and righteousness. Now the emperor is in exile and the ancestral temples are destroyed. However, when we look at the counties and states, we can see that although they are showing signs of righteous soldiers on the outside, they are actually thinking of each other on the inside, so we have no intention of worrying about the country and thinking of the people. Moreover, Jizhou city was generally calm, with a strong army, and scholars attached to it. They went to the west to meet the emperor, took Ye County as the Imperial Palace, and ordered the princes to keep their troops and horses to fight against those who did not worship the king's court. Who can resist? " Yuan Shao is ready to listen to his advice. Guo Tu and Chun Yu Qiong said: "the royal family of the Han Dynasty has been declining for a long time. Isn't it too hard to revive the royal family now? Besides, the heroes rose at the same time, occupied the prefectures and counties separately, and gathered together the disciples. There were tens of thousands of people, just as the emperor of Qin Dynasty lost his throne and the first one became the emperor. Now when we take over the emperor, we have to write to the emperor. If we obey, we have too little power. If we don't obey, we will disobey the emperor's orders. This is not a good way Ju said: "it is morally reasonable and opportune to receive the emperor now. If you don't decide early, there must be others to greet you first. You can't lose your chance to change, and you can't be too quick to succeed. I hope you will consider it. " Yuan Shao didn't accept emperor Xiandi's idea. However, according to the records of the Three Kingdoms, Guo Tu persuaded Yuan Shao to honor Emperor Han, but Yuan Shao refused.

Strongly advocate decisive battle

In the fourth year of Jian'an (199), Yuan Shao annihilated Gongsun Zan and annexed the territory of four states. He had hundreds of thousands of troops, so he selected 100000 elite soldiers and 10000 cavalry soldiers to attack Xudu. Ju Shu said: "recently, he launched a campaign against Gongsun Zan for a year. The people were tired and poor, there was no surplus in the warehouse, and there was a lot of taxes and labor. This is a matter of great concern for the country. It's better to send envoys to the emperor first to offer captives and booty, devote themselves to farming, so that people and horses can rest. If I can't reach the emperor, I will tell you that Cao Cao blocked my way to reach the emperor. Then he stationed in Liyang and gradually managed the south of the Yellow River. He built more ships, renovated equipment, assigned excellent cavalry, and plundered the other side's border areas to make them restless, while I was at ease. In this way, the world will be settled. " Guo Tu and Shen Pei said: "the method in the military book is to encircle the enemy ten times more than the enemy, attack the enemy five times more than the enemy, and fight if the strength is equal. At present, by virtue of Minggong's divine power, he joined the powerful army in Heshuo area to fight against Cao Cao. If we don't take it in time now, it will be difficult to deal with in the future. " He said: "it is a moral army to eliminate calamity and violence; it is a proud army to rely on a large number of people and strength. The army of benevolence and righteousness has no rival, and the army of pride will perish first. Cao Cao welcomed the emperor and built a palace in Xudu. Now it is against justice to launch all our forces to attack Cao Cao in the south. What's more, winning the enemy depends on strategy, not strength. Cao Cao's law has been carried out, and the soldiers are not Gongsun Zan's kind of people waiting to be surrounded. Now I'm afraid of you in private, abandoning the strategy of security and launching an army without a legitimate reason. " Guo Tu and others said, "it's not unjust for King Wu of Zhou to attack Zhou of Shang Dynasty. Besides, he's afraid he can't find a reason for sending troops to attack Cao Cao! Besides, the Lord's troops are strong and valiant, and the generals and soldiers all want to work hard. If they don't seize the opportunity and decide on the great cause early, it will become what people call "Heaven's gift, not to get it, but to be condemned by heaven.". This is the reason why the state of Yue dominates and the state of Wu perishes. The way to supervise the army is to insist on stability, not to grasp the opportunity according to the situation. " Yuan Shao adopted Guo Tu's opinion. Guo Tu and others took this opportunity to say bad things about Juju: "Juju's authority shakes the three armed forces inside and outside its supervision. If he grows stronger, how can he be controlled? Like the power of the monarch, the country will perish, which is taboo in Huangshi. Moreover, it is not appropriate for those who are in charge of the army outside to take part in the internal affairs. " Yuan Shao then divided the functions and powers of Jushou into three governors, and let Jushou, Guotu and chunyuqiong each take charge of one army, but they were not implemented in time.

The battle of Guandu

In the fifth year of Jian'an (200), Guo Tu, Chun Yu Qiong and Yan Liang attacked Baima. They were ambushed by Cao Cao's light soldiers. They fought in a hurry. Yan Liang, the chief general, was killed and the army was defeated. Then Yuan Shao's troops crossed the Yellow River and built barracks in the south of Yanjin. When he got on the boat, he sighed and said, "my Lord is full of ambition, his subordinates pursue utility, and the water of the Yellow River is long. Can I still cross the Yellow River?" So he asked Yuan Shao to resign on the pretext of illness. Yuan Shao didn't agree, but he was very angry with him, so he reduced the troops under his command and assigned them to Guo Tu for command. Cao Cao led his troops to attack WuChao during the confrontation. Guo Tu suggested attacking caoying instead of Zhang Ying's rescue granary. As a result, Zhang Ying could not attack caoying. Guo Tu saw that his proposal failed and worried that Yuan Shao would blame him. He falsely accused Zhang Ying of not doing his best, which led to Zhang Ying's surrender to Cao Cao and Yuan's army's collapse. After the war of Guandu, Yuan Shaozhi's two sons were captured. Meng Dai, Yuan Shaozhi's general, slandered him. Guo Tu and Xin Ping agreed, and Yuan Shaozhi ordered Meng Dai to guard Yecheng instead of him.

Friends and friends

Yuan Shao died in the seventh year of Jian'an (202). Yuan Shao wanted to be his successor because of his beauty and his wife's affection, but he didn't make a formal statement. They wanted to take Yuan Tan as their eldest son and establish him as their successor. However, the faction of Feng Ji and Shen Pei were at odds with the faction of Xin Ping, Guo Tu and Yuan Tan. Because they were afraid of Yuan Tan's harm after he ascended the throne, Shen Pei secretly changed Yuan Shao's will and established yuan Shang as his successor. Yuan Tan, who could not succeed to the throne, called himself a general of motorcycles and stationed in Liyang. In 203, after Cao Cao attacked Li Yang and retreated, Yuan Tan asked for armor and soldiers, but yuan Shang refused. Yuan Tan was very angry. Guo Tu and Xin Ping took this opportunity to say to Yuan Tan, "the first emperor (Yuan Shao) adopted the general to his elder brother (Yuan Ji) as a descendant. They were all used by the judge and match to trap you." Yuan Tan thought it was reasonable, so he led his troops to attack yuan Shang. The two sides fought at the gate of the outer city. Yuan Tan was defeated and led his troops back to Nanpi. After that, he united with Cao Cao to attack yuan Shang and soon defected. In December of the ninth year of Jian'an (204), Cao Cao led his army to encircle Yuan Tan and Nanpi. In January of the 10th year of Jian'an (205), Nanpi was attacked by Cao Cao. Yuan Tan was killed by hubaoqi when he fled. After Cao Cao entered the city, he killed Guo Tu, his wife and children.

Character evaluation

Guo Jia: if you have Guo Tu and Feng Ji as your counsellors, you will fight with each other and leave each other. Judge and match: Guo Tu, an evil minister, painted snake feet in vain, wrote flattering words, and made friends with good relatives. Liu Biao: he knew that Xin and Guo were born together, and he pursued the trace of Cao Bo and Shi Shen. He forgot the meaning of Chang Di's death and mourning, and personally searched for a fight. The zombies shed blood and choked when they heard it, although it was still like death. Cao Pi: first, to be insidious and evil in politics, to love evil and corrupt customs, we should not have these two things if we want to avoid danger. He Jin was defeated by Wu Kuang and Zhang Zhang, Yuan Shao by Shen Pei and Guo Tu, and Liu Biao by Cai Mao and Zhang Yun. ② Kuang, Zhang, Pei, Tu, Mao and Yun's disciples were not full of strange things. Later, before the prison, they all cooked Potamogeton crispus and were exterminated, which was a test of killing for a hundred generations. Hu Sansheng: Guo Tu and Shen Pei had their own party affiliations. They fought with Tan Shang, and the envoys sought out a fight to drive Cao's family away. Tan Shang was defeated, and they also killed him. The good and bad news was not good enough.

Documentation

History of the Three Kingdoms, history of the later Han Dynasty, Zizhi Tongjian, romance of the Three Kingdoms and romance of the later Han Dynasty

Artistic image

Literary image

In the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Guo Tu's life is roughly the same as the official history. Yuan Shaoping was in Hebei Province when Liu Bei in Xuzhou asked for help. Guo TU was right in his name. He urged the army to attack Cao Cao, and advised Yuan Shao to issue an address to count Cao Cao's crimes. After Yan Liang and Wen Chou were killed by Guan Yu, Guo Tu tried to persuade Yuan Shao to kill Liu Bei. In vain, he tried to persuade Yuan Shao to unite with sun CE. Just when sun CE died, he gave up the matter. In the battle of Guandu, Cao Cao attacked WuChao secretly, and Zhang Ying and Gao Lan wanted to rescue him. Guo Tu asked Cao Ying to attack first in order to encircle Wei and save Zhao. After the plot failed, Zhang Ying and Gao Lan were falsely accused. Zhang Ying and Gao Lan surrendered to Cao Cao, and Yuan Jun collapsed. After Yuan Shao died, Yuan Tan could not stand up. Guo Tu offered a plan for Yuan Tan and murdered yuan Shang. However, he was found out by his trial and match, which led to a battle between his brothers. He also advised Yuan Tan to unite with Cao Cao to attack yuan Shang in order to reap the benefits. After Yuan Shang failed, Yuan Tan rebelled against Cao Cao Cao, Cao attacked him, Yuan Tan's army was defeated, and Guo TU was also shot by lejin.

Film and television image

Chinese PinYin : Guo Tu