Xu Nanying

Xu Nanying

Xu Nanying was one of the 33 imperial examination scholars in Taiwan in Qing Dynasty. In 1895, the Qing government was forced to sign the Treaty of Shimonoseki after its defeat in the Sino Japanese War of 1895, ceding Taiwan to Japan. Xu Nanying resolutely joined the army and led the soldiers to defend Tainan against the Japanese invasion. The day before the fall of Tainan, he was escorted out of the city by his subordinates. Later, he was forced to leave Taiwan and went to Fujian in grief and indignation. Xu Nanying had six sons and two daughters. The third son, Xu zanfen, Xu Pei's grandfather, took part in the Northern Expedition; the fourth son, Xu zankun, also known as Xu Dishan, wrote a large number of Anti Japanese literary works under the pseudonym of "luohuasheng".

Life of the characters

Xu Nanying was called Yunbai or Yunbai, and also called the master of peeping garden, liufatuotuo, Longma scholar, kunsheyeke and Chunjiang lenghuan.

The pre Qing Dynasty

Xu Nanying is a famous poet in Taiwan. He was as famous as Qiu Fengjia at that time. He was a scholar in 1879, a candidate in 1885, and a Jinshi in 1890. He was the head of the military department. He was born in Wuguan street, xidingfang, Tainan on October 5, 1855. His ancestral home is Jieyang, Guangdong Province. Xu Chao, the seventh ancestor of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, moved to Chijian (Tainan) in Taiwan to avoid heavy Fu. By the time of the poet, Xu had lived in Taiwan for 400 years. His father Xu tingzhang was engaged in teaching, and his uncle was engaged in farming or business. Young poets live in such an ordinary family. When the poet was six years old, he moved to Ma Gong Shang's residence next to the royal temple of Yanping County, Tainan. As a young poet, he studied hard, made great progress in his studies, and had excellent character. Therefore, he was praised and valued by Taiwan's famous "gentry" such as haoqiao mountain. When he was twenty-four years old, he became a private school teacher. He built a learning house in peeping Garden (the name of his home is Dong Zhongshu, who had been studying for three years without peeping at the garden). He opened a school to teach students and made friends with many famous scholars and scholars, such as Wu Qiaoshan, Qiu Fengjia, Chen Buwu, Wang Yongxiang and Shi Yunfang. the poet was deeply touched by the political situation of internal and external troubles and crises at that time. In 1886 and 1889, he went to Beijing for the examination, but he was not accepted because he stated the national crisis and commented on the political gains and losses. A year later, the leader of the China Enke Association gave him the post of chief of the Department of chariots and chariots of the Ministry of war. The poet did not want to be an official, but returned to Taiwan at the end of the year. Willing to do something for his hometown, he took part in the business of cultivating the land and "transforming the land". The poet's ancestors lived in Taiwan for generations, and he grew up in Taiwan, so he knows Taiwan's historical changes, customs and geographical evolution like the palm of his hand. In the spring of 1894, on the eve of the Sino Japanese War of 1894, Tang Jingyu, governor of Taiwan, hired a poet to assist in compiling the Tainan part of the general records of Taiwan.

Japanese occupation period

In 1895, Liu Yongfu, a poet of the Republic of Taiwan, led the Anti Japanese army. When Keelung fell in May, Taipei was in an emergency. The poet led his troops to support him. When he arrived in Ali, he heard that Taipei had fallen, so he turned back to defend Tainan. Under the situation that the "democratic country" was in name but in fact dead, and the Japanese invaders were pressing down on the city, the poet insisted that he was escorted out of the city by his subordinates on the second day of the ninth morning (the day before the Japanese invaders occupied Tainan). Before leaving, Liu Yongfu took into account the fact that he had taken the money away, so he distributed his personal savings to his subordinates. The poet is full of indignation and regret that the leader of "Taiwan Democracy" could not persist in the war of resistance against Japan, and he was unable to save the crisis, which resulted in the loss of territory and the enslavement of his father and elder. after the Japanese invasion army occupied Tainan, in view of the poet's local prestige and ability, he once wrote to ask the poet to serve him. When the enemy failed to win over the poet, they used force to search for him. On September 5, with the help of local people, the poet left Taiwan on a bamboo raft in Anping Harbor. After the poet was forced to leave Taiwan, he first lived in Xiamen, then moved to Shantou, Guangdong, and went to Zongren Zi Rong and Zi Ming. He lived in Taodu, near squid PU. When his country was broken and his family died, the poet was very sad and depressed. Zi Rong brothers advised the poet to go to Nanyang to change his mood.. In 1895, when the Sino Japanese war broke out, Xu Nanying was appointed as the commander of Taiwan's preparation and defense Bureau. After the Japanese occupied Taiwan, he moved his family back to the mainland and settled in Longxi, Fujian Province. from 1895 to 1897, the poet traveled in Singapore, Thailand and other places, where he was warmly received by his peers, relatives and friends. During his stay in Singapore, the poet had close contact with Qiu Jiyuan, a famous Singaporean cultural man and overseas Chinese, and sang in harmony with each other. In 1902, he was appointed magistrate of Xuwen County, Guangdong Province. According to the topographic map of Xuwen County in Leizhou Prefecture annals, the site of the examination shed (examination field) in Xuwen County in the Qing Dynasty happened to be in the back lane of the dormitory of Xuwen County Court in today's Shuqian street. In this year, when Xu Dishan was just eight years old, he went to live in Xuwen with his father Xu Nanying. As a result, he left a living site, leaving valuable material evidence for future generations to study his deeds.

The early years of the Republic of China

After returning to China and before the revolution of 1911, the poet worked successively in Guangzhou, Foshan, Fenshui, Xuwen, Yangchun, Yangjiang and Sanshui as the general tax office, the examiners and the county magistrate. The poet is strict with himself and has a clean style. When he was in Xuwen, he changed Guisheng college into Xuwen primary school and gave lectures every ten days, three days, six days and nine days. He encouraged the students to set up their ideals, strive to become talents and make a difference. During his tenure in Yangjiang, regardless of the opposition and obstruction of feudal forces, he dared to accept new things and new ideas, carried out the new deal, sent students to study in the East, and trained specialized talents. At the same time, he changed the old academy into a new school, and changed the sickle brook academy into Yangjiang normal school, which trained primary school teachers for all townships, and made contributions to the development of local education. Sanshui bureaucrat Dylan kept slaves and sold people for generations, and profited from them. When the poet arrived, he announced the liberation of slaves and the prohibition of trading people. The people of Guangdong applauded, and the poet offended those officials and gentry. They were in trouble with him everywhere. The powerful families there often gathered together to fight, with a large scale and many casualties. The poets did not avoid the evil forces and dealt with them impartially. He not only refused to accept bribes, but also severely punished the bribers. It's a big shock to the place. When the revolution of 1911 broke out, the poets actively supported the abolition of the monarchy and the implementation of the Republic. Recommended by friends to Fujian Longxi County as governor. The old forces there were deeply rooted and local tyrants and evil gentry were rampant. They provoked private fights and planted opium for drug trafficking. Shortly after he took office, the poet strictly prohibited private fighting and ordered the Opium seedlings to be pulled out. When the interests of local tyrants and evil gentry were violated, they sought revenge. They falsely accused the poet of embezzling public funds. The poet asked his superior to investigate, and the result proved that it was a false accusation. The local tyrants and evil gentry committed the crime of false accusation and asked the poet to be exempted from investigation. The poet didn't have a lawsuit and the matter settled down. Through this incident, the poet deeply felt the danger and darkness of politics, "and decided not to engage in politics any more. After leaving Xuwen, Xu Nanying left his poetry anthology "peeping at the garden and leaving grass" and his ci anthology "peeping at the garden", in which the words were vivid portrayals of Xuwen's society in the late Qing Dynasty, and also expressed his deep love for Xu Wen. Among them, "Xu Wen Za Yong" wrote: Court spring grass sprouting layer upon layer, officials really like Tuituo monk. All the ten officials and three classes were quiet. In the Qing Dynasty, it was an ice. He also wrote four poems "farewell to Xu Wen's folks". Among them, the sentence "return the book to the crane after parting, and don't feel the tears on the clothes before respecting" is especially respected by later generations. During this period, the poet visited his relatives and friends in Taiwan twice in 1912 and 1916 respectively. In Taiwan, he refused to work for the Japanese authorities. Others urged him or his children to return to Taiwan and settle in Japan, so that they could get back his land and property in Taiwan. The poet did not agree. In this way, he gave up part of his property and gave the rest to the Taiwan people. He didn't get a cent, which showed that he would never compromise with the Japanese occupiers. After resigning, the poet had no income, and his life was very difficult. In 1915, in order to organize a poetry club, Lin shuzang hired poets as his friends. He had some allowance in his life, but his family was still very difficult. He was helpless. He was recommended by Lin shuzang and invited by Zhang Hongnan, the overseas Chinese mayor of mindanah, sumenta, to give a brief account of his life there. As a result, the poet, at the age of 62, took office alone in the ocean. There, the poet was unaccompanied and often missed his hometown. He was in a depressed mood and used poetry and wine to amuse himself. After a year of this, Fu Bing, the poet, was eager to compile a brief introduction to Zhang Jun, hoping to bring some money back to China as soon as possible. It was the first World War, and there were no regular ships; the poet was waiting for the ship, lonely and bored, and depressed. Later, he died of dysentery late at night on November 11, 1917. He was 63 years old. At the time of his death, Lin Jianren and other friends buried Shiru's remains outside Medan.

Creative experience

The poet began to write poetry from his youth until his death, and the number of his works is very large. Unfortunately, some works, especially those before the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, have been scattered. There are more than 1000 existing poems, all of which are included in peeping at the garden and leaving grass. The poet's creative road can be divided into three stages

The first stage

From the beginning of creation to the eve of Sino Japanese war.

there are not many poems in this period, but they express the poet's ambition, embrace and pursuit from different angles, and show the poet's inner world in many ways. the poet was very angry that he was not admitted because he complained about the shortcomings of the times. He wrote "the capital of being released" to show his injustice and frustration, as well as his confidence in his own opinions. At the same time, he expressed his dissatisfaction with the reality: "it's strange that heaven is unjust, and the spring breeze is on the top

Chinese PinYin : Xu Nan Ying