Zou Yigui

Zou Yigui

Zou Yigui (1686-1772) was an official and painter in Qing Dynasty. The name is Yuan Bao, Xiao Shan, rang Qing, and ER Zhi, an old man from Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. In the fifth year of Yongzheng reign, he was the first Jinshi in the second grade A and was awarded the title of editor of Hanlin Academy. Li Guan was the censor of Yunnan Dao, Xuezheng of Guizhou, Shaoqing of Taichang temple, Minister of Dali temple, Minister of rites and Bachelor of cabinet. Good at painting flowers, learn Yun Shouping painting, elegant style. He once wrote a hundred flowers volume. Once it was submitted, the emperor also gave it a hundred quatrains. One GUI wrote a volume again. It was recorded before each type. The book was written after each type and kept at home. He is the author of Xiaoshan Huapu and Daya sequel.

Character experience

His father, Zou XISEN, works in calligraphy and painting. Influenced by his family, Zou Yigui was fond of painting when he was young. His wife Yun Lanxi was also good at painting. However, the imperial examination failed repeatedly until Fang Zhong was 42 years old in the fifth year of Yongzheng reign (1727), and he was awarded the Imperial Academy editor. He has successively served as the censor of Yunnan Dao, the scholar of politics in Guizhou, the Minister of geishizhong, the Minister of Taichang temple, the Minister of Dali temple, the Minister of rites, and the Bachelor of cabinet. In 1732, during the term of censor of Yongzheng, shangshuzou requested that local government and media should not collude with lawless men to raise women without permission, so as to cheat and profit, and punish local officials by negligence. Emperor Yongzheng granted his request. In 1735, when he was a scholar in Guizhou, Shangshu asked to rectify the malpractice of the imperial examination. When Zou Yigui was 56 years old, he became a minister of rites. He saw that the prisoners who had been sentenced in the prison of the Ministry of punishment were locked up with those who had not yet been sentenced. This was against the law of the Qing Dynasty and gave the prisoners the opportunity to collude with each other and other disadvantages. He wrote a letter to Emperor Qianlong to stop this practice, which was approved by Emperor Qianlong. In 1742, when he was transferred to Shizhong, Governor Xu Rong was dismissed for framing his colleagues. But soon after, the imperial edict ordered Xu Rong to be elected governor of Hubei Province. Zou Yigui angrily wrote a letter, demanding that the reason for Xu Rong's withdrawal and comeback should be announced to the world, in order to protect the law of the country, Emperor Qianlong was forced to withdraw. In 1746, when he was in Dali temple, he handled cases seriously, opposed to neglecting people's lives, corrected unjust cases and wrong cases for many times, and rectified prison management. Shangshu asked that all prisons strictly prohibit torture of prisoners without punishment. In 1749, the emperor issued an imperial edict to all the ministers to recommend a Confucian scholar with profound knowledge of Confucian classics and high moral character. Zou Yigui recommended Gu Donggao, a famous scholar in Wuxi. As a result, Gu won the first place. In 1754, when he was the Minister of rites, the Minister of rites Kaitai recommended Zou Yigui's son as Xuezheng of Guozijian. After the incident, Kaitai was dismissed and Zou Yigui was demoted to three levels.
When Zou Yigui was 59 years old, he became Shaoqing of Taichang temple, who was in charge of national sacrifice. The prison had nothing to do with him. However, he saw that the prison officials carried out some torture against the prisoners that did not conform to the law of the Qing Dynasty, such as "making the prisoners lie on their backs, crossing the long wood, pressing their hands and feet" and so on. He wrote to Emperor Qianlong to forbid them. With the approval of Emperor Qianlong, the torture was abolished. Later, Zou Yigui was promoted to minister of rites. Zou Yigui was praised for his integrity in feudal officialdom. But what he left for later generations was his landscape painting and flower painting. In 1758, Zou Yigui was allowed to resign and return to his hometown. During Emperor Qianlong's tour to the south, he once granted a plaque of "painting Zen and longevity". In 1771, Emperor Qianlong went to Beijing to celebrate the Empress Dowager's birthday. He returned home in 1772 and died on the way to Dongchang. He was 86 years old.

Historical records of the Qing Dynasty

Zu Zhongyi, a Jinshi in the ninth year of Shunzhi, was an official, and his father was Zou XISEN. Yigui, a Jinshi in the second grade A of the fifth year of Yongzheng, was changed into an auspicious scholar and was granted editing. Ten years later, yunnandao was granted the censor to supervise, and the official media were forbidden to keep women as traitors. In the seventh year of Emperor Qianlong's reign, he was transferred to the Department of rites, saying: "the prisoners of the Ministry of punishment have been transferred to the northern prison, but not to the southern prison. We have not settled the miscellaneous collection in the inspection and inspection center. Please separate the collection according to the law. " He also said: "I have been ordered to discuss all matters in the lower part of the party. I always try my best to get involved in the discussion before the discussion. Please give my advice." He was on the bench. Xu Rong, the governor of Hunan, falsely impeached Xie Jishi, the grain minister, and ordered him to return to the governor of Hubei. In the case of Yi GUI and gei, Chen Da Li made a few comments, saying: "let cunning deceive the public, only to seize the post, has invited Kuandian; now when he returns to the frontier, how can he educate the world? Qi issued a decree to his subjects, so that he could understand why he was dethroned. The law of the state was clear and the administration of officials was in accordance with it. " I'm just going to stop looking. Ten years later, when he moved to Taichang temple, Shaoqing said: "the law contains a complete picture of the prison, and the iron rope button has a set pattern. The prison officials took precautions as their words, packed their bodies with boxes and beds, straightened their necks with iron Xiao, and contracted their hands and feet with Guanyin circle. The Ministry proposed that the prisoners should not be punished. After a long period of time, the system was innovated. The prisoners were ordered to lie on their backs, cross the long wood, and press their hands and feet. It was the same as the casket bed. Please forbid it. " Follow it. Four moved to be the Minister of rites. In the twenty-first year of his reign, his father, Zhang Xilang, was the Minister of the imperial government. Twenty three years later, he became an official. Thirty six years, I wish you longevity in the capital, add the title of minister of rites, and get a salary from home. Thirty seven years later, he returned home and died in the middle of Dongchang Road. Add the title of minister. Yi GUI is a painter of flowers, who is an expert after Yun Ge. Taste for a hundred flowers roll, flower Title A poem, into the top, on the deep appreciation, for the title of a hundred quatrains. Later, he was punished by Bo, and returned to the cloud of poetry.

Personal achievement

Zou Yigui is good at poetry and painting, especially fine brushwork, flowers and landscapes. The landscape imitates the song people, and the flowers learn from Yun Nantian. Zou Yigui was the son-in-law of Yun Shouping (one of the "six families of the Qing Dynasty" at that time), and got his true biography. He had carefully drawn a hundred kinds of flowers, and each flower was inscribed with a poem, which was integrated into the book of hundred flowers and presented to Emperor Qianlong, who was deeply praised. Emperor Qianlong also inscribed a hundred quatrains for the book of hundred flowers. In the theory of painting, he thinks that in order to draw a good work, the painter must first have a deep understanding of the object of painting. He personally cultivated more than 100 kinds of flowers, so as to observe their facial features carefully and get a real perceptual knowledge, which makes the flowers in his works have both shape and spirit. His poems and paintings have been handed down from generation to generation, including Xiaoshan Shichao, dayatang sequel, Baihua shijuan, Xiaoshan Huapu, Chunhua Qiushi Tu, wujunzi Tu, qiuchu Xiaosi Tu, Furong Rong Tu, Qianwei Zhuteng Tu, Hongtao Baili Tu, Taigu Yungang Tu, Yutang Fugui Tu, etc. among them, Xiaoshan Huapu discusses flower painting. The first column of the first volume is "eight methods" and "four knowledge". The eight methods are as follows: the first is the method of composition, the second is the method of writing, the third is the method of ink, the fourth is the method of color setting, the fifth is the method of spot dyeing, the sixth is the method of halo drying, the seventh is the method of tree and stone, and the eighth is the method of moss lining. All of them are selected from the previous micro theory. Four kinds of knowledge are: one is to know heaven, two is to know Earth, three is to know people and four is to know things. This is the only view of Zou Yigui, which was never discussed by predecessors. After the eight methods and four knowledge, there are 115 kinds of painting methods of flowers, with all kinds of shapes and colors of flowers and leaves. The next is to use the color, a total of 11, each detailed description of its refining method. The first part of the second volume is about the ancient painting theory, which sometimes refers to the meaning of oneself, a total of 43. It is attached with glue alum, paper silk, painting dish, painting brush and water. Finally, the chrysanthemum tree. It turns out that Zou Yigui once painted thirty-six kinds of foreign chrysanthemums in the imperial court in September of 1756, and was given a title by the emperor. Therefore, he wrote down the famous products and shapes of the flowers to express his honor. At that time, the painting manual was published and attached to the end of the book. Although this book is only two volumes, it's actually my own personal experience.

Character works

Representative poems

Tianzhu County

I'm glad that Qi Yun is leaning on the stone and I don't worry about Cui Wei. Who said that I would come up to the top of the mountain.

Representative paintings

"The painting of peach blossoms" shows the scene of peach blossoms in full bloom. The picture is warm and elegant. Peach blossoms are decorated with heavy powder and lightly covered with dye, showing a charming and prosperous appearance; peony is coated with light powder and dyed with heavy powder on the edge, showing crystal clear, solemn and elegant. The color of the whole picture is clear and ancient, full of charm, which is deeply rooted in Yun Shouping's heartless essence. Zou Yigui is good at flowers. The draft of Qing history called him "a flower painter, who became an expert after inheriting hunge.". Taste for "flowers volume", flower Title A poem, into the top, deep appreciation, as the title of "hundred quatrains". It is a pity that the picture of 100 flowers and the poems written by him and Qianlong are hidden in some places, which can be said to be a treasure in China's painting circle and a good story in the history of painting.

Chinese PinYin : Zou Yi Gui