Gu Zhenglun

Gu Zhenglun

Gu Zhenglun (1889-1953), a native of Anshun, Guizhou Province, was a general and lieutenant general of the Chinese national revolutionary army. Known as "the father of the modern Chinese gendarmerie", he proposed that "do not lie, do not cheat, abide by their duties, do their duty" as the motto of the gendarmerie officers and soldiers. On November 30, 1953, he died of gastric cancer in Taipei.

His two younger brothers, Gu Zhenggang and Gu Zhengding, were political figures of the Kuomintang.

Profile

When Gu Zhenglun was a child studying in a private school, he loved to be clever, disobeying rules, fencing, fighting and making trouble. One day, when he came home from school, he passed a small bridge, where the water was tinkling, butterflies were flying and birds were singing. Two calves are playing at the top of the bridge. He picked up the stick and hit it, one of which fell into the murmuring River in panic because of fear. He stood on the side laughing, very proud. The next day, an old man with glasses and a blue robe gathered more than 40 children together and lectured them. At last, he beat the top ten of the board. Gu Zhenglun's two little hands were red and swollen, but he didn't cry with tears in his eyes. In 1905, Gu Zhenglun was admitted to Wuchang army middle school and graduated from it for three years. At this time, the Qing Dynasty selected a group of young people to study abroad, so he was able to go to Japan. On the "Asia Pacific", he looked at the boundless sea and a group of seagulls, sometimes low and sometimes high, with ups and downs in his mind and imagination. When he arrived in Japan, he first completed his basic studies in Tokyo Zhenwu school, and then went to the artillery School of the army sergeant school. Influenced by Sun Yat Sen's and Huang Xing's progressive ideas, he participated in the alliance. In 1911, the revolution of 1911 broke out. Gu Zhenglun had great admiration for Huang Xing, so although he did not finish his studies, he still asked for leave to go back to China, followed Huang Xing to participate in the revolution, and served as an adjutant to major of Hanyang general command. Soon after, Huang Xing took office in Nanjing, and Gu followed him. Gu Zhenglun is good at steering and speculating. After the failure of the "second revolution" in 1913, he returned to his original school in Japan and graduated two years later. When Gu Zhenglun returned from Japan for the second time, there were many factions in the alliance. In September 1916, Gu Zhenglun, a warlord of the Xingyi department, came here with his senior colonel badge on his shoulder. He and he Yingqin became the backbone of Wang Wenhua's faction. Soon after, Gu was promoted to brigade commander and became a powerful figure in the Guizhou army. On March 16, 1921, Wang Wenhua was shot and killed in an assassination. Gu Zhenglun and he Yingqin both coveted power and wanted to take advantage of this opportunity to expand their own power and compete for the top position in charge of the government of Guizhou. He Yingqin is also the mayor of Guiyang and other eight important positions. He deliberately excluded and attacked Gu Zhenglun in all aspects. The secret message sent by Gu was intercepted by him, and the telegram sent to Gu from other provinces was withheld by him Gu Zhenglun was very angry about this. Gu Zhenglun did not show any weakness and fought back. He cooperated with Zhang Chunpu, the commander of the fourth brigade. On the one hand, he sent a telegram to denounce he Yingqin in Zunyi. On the other hand, he secretly ordered Zhang Xingwei, the commander of the fourth brigade, to lead his troops to Guiyang. Gu joined forces with sun Qinliang, the new regiment leader of the fifth brigade. He concentrated all his forces and suddenly attacked and killed he Yingqin. Then, he made a lot of public opinions, saying that he "cheated the world, stole fame, acted arbitrarily, and the people resented..." He Yingqin was very frightened. On a rainy and windy night, he rushed to the North Catholic Church in Guiyang. He folded his hands to the foreign priest situ Baishan and said, "I'm in trouble for the moment. Please God bless me." he lived for three days. He felt that this place was not a permanent place. He disguised himself as a nun and escaped from Guiyang to Kunming. Not long after that, Sun Yat Sen led his army to the northern expedition to Guilin. One day, in the beautiful Yuexiu Pavilion, the president was reading the telegram, and Gu Zhenglun came in. He was well dressed and full of military courage. He first saluted, then sat down, and vowed: "for the cause of the Republic, please do me a favor. As long as Mr. President speaks, he will obey absolutely, and he will do whatever he wants." Sun Yat Sen briefly explained the situation and tasks to him, so he appointed him "commander in chief of Guizhou army directly under the central government". Although he was given less than 1000 troops, this title was already very glorious for him. In March 1927, the second independent division of the national revolutionary army took part in the battle of attacking Yuhuatai highland in Nanjing, and the artillery could hardly attack it. Gu Zhenglun, having learned the knowledge of artillery, went to battle and fired several guns to hit the target, opening a gap for the capture of Nanjing. On the night of Kecheng, the "Ning case" which shocked China and foreign countries took place. At that time, the order of Nanjing was in chaos. Chiang Kai Shek urgently ordered he Yaozu to expand the second independent division into the 40th army to maintain the order of Nanjing. After the expansion, Gu was appointed commander of the 40th army. After the Northern Expedition army occupied Nanjing, Cheng Qian was the first commander of Nanjing garrison, and he Yaozu took over the post. He led his troops to take part in the northern expedition. Zhang zuolin and Gu were appointed to act as the deputy commander of Nanjing garrison. In the process of negotiation, Chiang Kai Shek compromised with Japan, took he Yaozu as the victim, and removed he Suo from his post. Gu Zhenglun had a strong sense of feudalism and believed in the relationship between astrology and karma. When he made a speech on spiritual education in the military police school, he often talked about the book of loyalty and the book of filial piety. Chiang Kai Shek went to the gendarmerie to lecture him. He always stood at attention and listened to him. He was like a "manager" and a "slave". He even treated other generals and civil servants of Chiang Kai Shek. He also played tricks and was obsequious. On March 15, 1937, Chen Lifu went to Nanjing gendarmerie school to study the second phase of the secret service education class After two hours, Gu Zhenglun also stood upright at the lectern, as if he had listened carefully for two hours. He "defended" Nanjing with such a submissive attitude, compiled and trained the "achievements" of the military police. He was highly valued and trusted by Chiang Kai Shek, which enabled him to stand on the national government as a non Whampoa soldier, and he had always been loyal to the national government We should have real military and political power. Gu Zhenglun is good at writing, but not at speaking. His speech carries the mantra "this, this.". Once, in a speech to his friends and gangsters, some people sat upright, some tilted their heads, some couldn't turn their eyes, some were thoughtful. He faced more than 500 audience members. Although he was condescending and contented, the first sentence still turned people off. Wang Biao, Gu's stenographer, is a famous "smart guy". Since Gu stepped onto the stage, he wrote down a point in his notebook every time he said "this". As a result, Gu said 14 "this" in a row before he said a word. Some of them snickered and some of them whispered.

Life of the characters

Father of the gendarmerie

Gu Zhenglun's most remarkable "achievement" in Nanjing government was to train the military police for the Kuomintang. In 1927, after the "Nanjing Han confluence", Gu Zhenglun expanded the military police battalion during the northern expedition into the first regiment of the military police, reorganized a primary regiment that he used to be a division commander into the second regiment of the military police, changed the former Wuhan regiment into the third regiment of the military police, and established the second regiment of the traffic police. In 1929, in the name of Nanjing garrison headquarters, Gu Zhenglun set up the military police training institute, which was also the director of the Institute. The following year, he proposed to Chiang Kai Shek to set up a military police headquarters, enrich the military police training center, and expand the military police force. Chiang Kai Shek quickly approved his plan. In 1931, the military police headquarters was formally established, and Chiang sent Gu Zhenglun to concurrently serve as the military police headquarters. The military police headquarters consists of six divisions, namely general affairs, military supplies, police, military medicine, ordnance, and political training. In 1932, Gu Zhenglun renamed the military police training institute as the military police training institute to expand its scale and strengthen its strength. In March 1935, Gu Zhenglun changed the military police training institute into a military police school, with Chiang Kai Shek as the principal and Gu Zhenglun as the chief educator. During this period, he trained the backbone through the military police school and recruited new soldiers at the same time. After the training period, the recruits will form a new gendarmerie regiment and demobilize the original gendarmerie. In 1937, Gu Zhenglun's military police regiment had been formed into ten. By 1940, when he went to Gansu Province to serve, it had increased to nineteen. It is precisely because of this "achievement" that Gu Zhenglun won the reputation of "father of modern Chinese gendarmerie" among the KMT people. Gu Zhenglun's gendarmerie was a reactionary military organization integrating gendarmerie and police, party affairs and secret service, office and emergency service. As long as the officers and soldiers of the gendarmerie wore plain clothes, they could carry out secret service activities; as long as the secret service wore gendarmerie clothes, they could undertake all the public duties of the gendarmerie. When Gu Zhenglun was commander of the gendarmerie, he set up police offices and "super high teams" in the various gendarmerie, and carried out secret service rule in the gendarmerie, demanding absolute obedience to the superior. The so-called "banditry" in other districts, he set up three "suppression areas" within his jurisdiction, and ordered the suppression forces to "kill the bandits when they see them and eliminate the evil.". In order to investigate the rural household registration, organize and train the people, and detect and prevent "bandits", Gu selected more than 100 older squad leaders from each regiment of the xianbingtuan. After short-term professional training by the police, he was sent to each township as "assistants". In the name of "suppressing bandits", Gu Zhenglun killed more than 20 "assistants" in Huangyan Area in a day. Gu Zhenglun became angry and ordered him to dispatch troops to attack Huangyan. He asked his subordinates to "capture within a time limit, do not capture, kill the whole unit" and made a wish to say: "well done, there is a reward, empty talk, reward by the head" After Huang Yan was captured, within dozens of miles, Tanbu xiante killed people whenever he saw them. Women and children were inevitably killed, and thousands of innocent people were killed. Because there were too many heads for the gendarmes to take back to collect the reward money, they cut off two ears instead of one head

Chinese PinYin : Gu Zheng Lun