Zhou Kangwang

Ji Zhao

Ji Zhao, king of Zhou Kang? ~In 1996 BC), surnamed Ji, named Zhao, was born in Qizhou (now Qishan County, Shaanxi Province). The third monarch of the Zhou Dynasty, the grandson of King Wu of Zhou Jifa, and the son of King Cheng Jisong of Zhou.

At the beginning of his reign, he became the crown prince with the assistance of Zhao Gong and Bi Gong Gao. He continued to carry out the policy of King Cheng of Zhou, pacifying the rebellion of the eastern barbarians, expediting the northern part of the country, and attacking the Gui Fang in the west to further strengthen his rule. During the period from King Cheng of Zhou to King Kang of Zhou, the world was stable, and no penalty was used for more than 40 years.

In 996 BC, he died in hojing, posthumously named Kang, and was buried in Biyuan.

Overview image source:

Life of the characters

succeed to the crown

Ji Zhao, King Kang of Zhou Dynasty, surnamed Ji and named Zhao, is the grandson of Ji Fa, King Wu of Zhou Dynasty and the son of Ji Sheng, King Cheng of Zhou Dynasty. During the reign of King Cheng of Zhou Dynasty, Ji Zhao was made Prince. On his deathbed, King Cheng worried that Prince Ji Zhao would not be competent for the throne, so he ordered Duke Zhao and Bi Gonggao to lead the princes to assist Prince Ji Zhao to ascend the throne. After the death of King Cheng of Zhou, Zhao Gong and Bi Gong Gao led the princes to guide the prince Ji Zhao to visit the temple of the former king. They repeatedly warned him that King Wen and King Wu of Zhou could achieve the king's career, which was hard won. The most important thing was that they were thrifty and had no greed. They ruled the world with sincerity and dedication, and wrote Gu Ming. Therefore, the crown prince Ji Zhao ascended the throne as king Kang of Zhou Dynasty.

The rule of Chengkang

Gao told the princes of Zhou and Kangzhou about their career. With the help of Zhou GongDan, Zhao gongxuan and Bi Gong, the world was stable from King Cheng of Zhou to King Kang of Zhou, and no penalty was used for more than 40 years. King Kang of Zhou ordered bigong Gao to write a strategy, and separated a part of the people of Chengzhou to live in the suburbs. As the Pingfan of Chengzhou, he wrote down his life.

Treasure sharing device

At that time, Xiong Yi, the king of Chu, together with Bo Qin, the king of Lu, Wei Kang, the king of Wei, Jin Hou Xie, and Qi Ding Gong, the king of Qi, assisted King Kang of Zhou. Because Qi, Jin, Lu and Wei were closely related to King Kang of Zhou, they all got the treasures from King Kang of Zhou, but Chu was not related to King Kang of Zhou, so they didn't get the treasures.

Go to the next generation

King Kang of Zhou died in Haojing, posthumously named king Kang, and was buried in Biyuan. After his death, his son Ji Xia ascended the throne as king Zhao of Zhou.

Political initiatives

Politics

In his "letters to the king of Kang", King Kang of Zhou not only used a lot of space to describe the accession to the throne, but also used many policies to strengthen laws and regulations and rectify the army. At the beginning of King Zhou Kang's accession to the throne, he had worked out a set of reasonable plans. King Kang of Zhou has been tirelessly in accordance with the established principles and policies, to fulfill his idea of governing the country. Since the reign of King Wen and King Wu of Zhou, the Zhou Dynasty was already relatively strong. Later, with the efforts of Duke Zhou and King Cheng of Zhou, the national strength of the Zhou Dynasty was further developed. After King Kang ascended the throne, he continued to carry out the national policy that King Cheng had carried out during his reign, and made persistent efforts to make the economy get greater development, the National Treasury was abundant, the people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and the society was stable and United, presenting a scene of peace and prosperity everywhere. Sima Qian even said in his historical records Zhou Benji that during the reign of King Cheng of Zhou and King Kang of Zhou, the world was peaceful and there was no penalty for more than 40 years, which is called the rule of Cheng Kang in history. Although it is exaggerated, it can also be seen that King Kang of Zhou managed the country successfully. All these are inseparable from the efforts of King Zhou Kang.

military

Guifang (located in the northwest of Shaanxi, the north of Shanxi and the west of Inner Mongolia) was one of the ancient northern nomads who often invaded the Central Plains. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, after King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty, he exiled him to the north of Jing River and Luo river (now Jinghe River and Luo river in Shaanxi Province) and ordered him to pay tribute on time. The army of the Later Zhou Dynasty relaxed its control over the northwest because of the suppression of the three prison rebellion and the attack on Huaiyi in the East. The Guifang tribe took the opportunity to invade the northwest border of the Western Zhou Dynasty from the west of Qishan (today's Qishan in Shaanxi Province) to Longxian (today's Ganyang and Longxian in Shaanxi Province), threatening the capital of the Zhou Dynasty. In the 25th year of King Kang of Zhou Dynasty, in order to eliminate the border trouble, King Kang of Zhou ordered Yu to lead an army to attack Guifang. The ghost side also dispatched troops to fight. After two large-scale battles, the Zhou army killed more than 4800 people of Guifang, captured more than 13000 people of its four leaders and below, and captured a lot of chariots and horses, cattle and sheep. The Zhou army expelled Guifang to the west of Weilong and Qizhou, far away from the capital. The northwest border of Zhou Dynasty was temporarily settled. After two large-scale battles, the Zhou army, whose combat effectiveness had been greatly enhanced, won a decisive victory, annihilated more than 4800 enemies, captured more than 13000 people, and seized a large number of chariots, horses, cattle, sheep and other spoils, thus stabilizing the border for a long time.

Anecdotes

In 538 B.C. in the spring and Autumn period, Wu Ju, a senior official of the state of Chu, mentioned to the king Ling of Chu who pursued hegemony the achievements of Xia Qi, Shang Tang, King Wu of Zhou, King Cheng of Zhou, King Kang of Zhou, King Mu of Zhou, Duke Huan of Qi and Duke Wen of Jin in history. Among them, it was mentioned that King Kang of Zhou had the achievements of "imperial palace". According to Fu Qian, a Confucian scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty, fenggong is the site of the temple of King Cheng of Zhou Dynasty.

Historical evaluation

Jiao Ju: "when I heard that the princes had no return, I thought I would return. Today, you have to be cautious and polite. It will be the same here. Xia Qi enjoyed Juntai, Shang Tang Jing Bo, Zhou Wu Meng Jin and Cheng Qi Yang,

The reign of Kang Youfeng Palace

Mu had the meeting of Tushan, Qihuan had the division of Zhaoling, and Jinwen had the alliance of jiantu. " In Sima Qian's historical records, it is said that "at the time of Chengkang, the world was peaceful, and the penalty was not used for more than 40 years." In Sima Zhen's Shi Ji Suoyin: "on the day of Chengkang, the government was simplified and the punishment was taken." Zhao Ying, Liu Xu, etc. in the old book of the Tang Dynasty: "prosperity and prosperity are the three sages of one school. Wen set a high position, friends do not make. Guan and CAI are the two leaders, Cheng and Kang Daozheng are the two leaders. "

Historical records

The fourth volume of zhoubenji in Shiji

Archaeology of Zhou tombs

In 1954, 12 pieces of bronzes were unearthed from the mound Tomb of Yandun mountain, including the state-level classic cultural relic "Yi Hou Zhen of the Western Zhou Dynasty".

Family members

Grandfather: Jifa, King Wu of Zhou Dynasty. Grandmother: Yijiang, daughter of Lu Shang, Duke of Qi. Father: Wang Jisheng, Zhou Cheng. son: King Zhao of Zhou, Ji Xia. grandson: Jiman, King Mu of Zhou, son of King Zhao of Zhou.

Character controversy

The research of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynastic project indicates that King Kang of Zhou reigned for 25 years from 1020 BC to 996 BC. In March 2007, archaeology magazine published Zhu fenghan's article "Yao Gong Zhen and Tang Bohou Yu Jin", which introduced the bronze ware Yao Gong Zhen of Western Zhou Dynasty collected in Hong Kong. Its inscription contains the content of "Tang Bohou Yu Jin only king twenty and eight sacrifices". If the object is determined as king Kang, the 28th year of King Kang is already in the late period of the early Western Zhou Dynasty, which is not consistent with the age of the object. Moreover, the age of King Kang should be extended from 25 years of the jianben of Xia Shang Zhou dating project to at least 28 years, which will cause the age of King Zhao and King Mu to move down and squeeze the number of years of other kings in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty, resulting in the difficulty of adjusting the chronology of kings in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

Chinese PinYin : Zhou Kang Wang