Wang renkan

Wang renkan

Wang renkan (1849-1893) was born in Fujian county (now Fuzhou) in the Qing Dynasty. He was named Kezhuang, Renan and GONGDING. Guangxu three years (1877) the first Jinshi, champion. He was appointed as the official magistrate of Suzhou. Be good at setting flowers. The book was written in Europe and Chu. It was named for a time and died 45 years ago.

Life of the characters

Wang renkan (1849-1893), who was born in Fujian Province, lived in Xiaoyi lane, East Street. Grandfather Qingyun, Jinshi background, official to Sichuan governor, Minister of the Ministry of industry. His father chuancan was a young master in the Yamen office. He was a scholar and had no academic achievements. But Wang renkan was diligent and studious. In 1870, when he was 22 years old, he won the imperial examination. Guangxu three years (1877) ding chouke palace examination champion.

Anecdotes of characters

In the Qing Dynasty, there were two number one scholars in Fuzhou: Lin Hongnian and Wang renkan. Although he was no more than a magistrate and lived less than 50 years, his moral character, political voice, articles and calligraphy were all famous for a time. Historically, it is generally believed that most of the top scholars in the feudal era were mediocre people with few achievements, few real talents and not necessarily good character. However, Wang renkan, the number one scholar, is indeed excellent in both character and learning, which is worthy of the name. He was able to do good deeds for the people after he became a local official.

After Wang renkan was elected, he suffered setbacks in three consecutive examinations. He has a high reputation and is full of confidence. But he failed in the first examination (1871), failed in the second (1874), and added Enke in the third (1876). People who are familiar with him speculate that he will win. He also complains and fails again. He didn't feel dejected, so he worked very hard, and even privately engraved a seal saying that he was "No.1". By the second year (1877), he had won the first prize. This kind of determination to win the first prize and self-confidence of perseverance, for a time was a good story. (see Li Boyuan's Zhuang Xie Shi Hua)

Wang renkan's articles, calligraphy and appearance are very upright and elegant. In the early stage, she was deeply loved by Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu. Guangxu 13 years (1887) was ordered to walk in the study, every time to participate in the Palace Banquet ceremony and Festival ceremony, get the reward is particularly rich. In the winter of 1880, when Ren Shanxi studied politics, he straightened out the style of study and prohibited the students from smoking opium. In 1885, he was appointed as the Deputy examiner of Guizhou provincial examination. In the autumn of 1886, Xu Shichang (later President at the beginning of the Republic of China) was his student (see Wang Xiaoqi's Suzhou Chronicle). In May of 1889, he took the post of deputy examiner of Guangdong Provincial examination, and promoted many talents. Liang Qichao (a famous reformist political commentator in modern times) came out of his door. Liang is the youngest person in Guangdong Province in this subject. After Wang renkan read the paper, he thought he was a genius. He sent the paper to Li Duanfen, the examiner. Li also appreciated it very much. He wanted to betroth his sister to Liang and asked Wang renkan to act as a matchmaker. Under Wang renkan's persuasion, Liang Qichao agreed to the marriage. Wang renkan's knowledge of people and talents can also be seen here (see Gu Zhi's anecdote of Liang rengong). (in Meng Xiangcai's biography of Liang Qichao (the first edition of Beijing Publishing House in November 1980), it is said that Wang renkan wanted to recruit Liang as his son-in-law at that time, but Li Duanfen was the first to speak, and Liang was "surprised and happy with such a difficult high relative." It's a little different. ——At about the same time, Wang renkan gradually lost the favor of the Qing government. The reason why he could not be seen in the highest feudal rulers can be traced back to the beginning of his official career.

historical event

In 1879, the third year of Wang renkan's reign, the fifth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, China and Russia exchanged treaties, and Chong Hou, Minister of mission, succumbed to the pressure of tsarist Russia and signed a treaty of humiliation. Wang renkan, the new No. 1 criminal, and Cao Hongxun, the former No. 1 criminal, went to Shanghai under the joint name of "please cut off Chonghou to thank the people of our country". He was upright and strong, and his voice shocked the government and the public. This can be said to be the first to show its edge, and has already touched the taboo of the dignitaries. In 1888, Empress Dowager Cixi, in order to prepare for the celebration of her birthday next year, appropriated the huge funds for the construction of the navy to build the summer palace project. At this time, there was a big flood in all provinces and the earthquake in the capital. The people were in a state of hunger and cold. In December, another fire broke out in taihemen, Beijing. Wang renkan took this opportunity to write an admonition, please do not build such a luxurious garden, although its wording is very euphemistic, but the overbearing Empress Dowager Cixi most do not like to be contradicted. In addition, the Qing Liu party at that time also had internal strife with each other. In November 1890, Wang renkan was released and became the magistrate of Zhenjiang Prefecture in Jiangsu Province.

The so-called Qingliu party is a political faction within the courtiers of the late Qing Dynasty. It is named for daring to criticize the gains and losses of current politics and flaunting honesty and honesty. Its main members are Chen Baochen, Zhang Peilun, Wen Tingshi, etc. Chen Baochen's wife, Wang meishou, is Wang renkan's sister. (later, Chen Baochen became the master of the last emperor Puyi, so Wang meishou said to people, "my husband is the son of heaven, my brother is the son of heaven." Because of these relations in the upper bureaucracy, Wang renkan also became a member of the Qingliu party. When Jiashen (1884) was defeated in the Sino French naval battle in Majiang, pan bingnian, a capital official of Fujian Province, presented a memorial to punish Zhang Peilun, the Minister of shipping administration, for dereliction of duty. Zhang was asked to be dismissed from his post. This memorial was written by Wang renkan (see Guo Zezhe's zhihanxuan meeting), while Zhang's backstage was his father Li Hongzhang. In this way, Wang renkan offended the powerful ministers of the current Dynasty, and at the same time, he had a conflict with Chen Baochen. As a result, Wang renkan's official fortune was hindered, and it was inevitable. The informed colleagues are not satisfied with it, but Wang renkan is not satisfied with it and takes office in Jiangsu. When he left, he wrote down the poem "farewell to friends", which says: "there is no abandonment of talent, and there is no discrimination between China and foreign countries." The sentence, expressed own broad-minded mind.

In March of the 17th year of Guangxu (1891), a few days after Wang renkan took office in Zhenfei, the Danyang religious case happened. The reason is that local people found more than 70 dead babies in the Catholic Church of foreigners. There was public outrage and the church was burned. Wang renkan severely refuted all kinds of unreasonable threats on the pretext of foreigners. Finally, it was decided that the local authorities should compensate for the loss of the church and not be held responsible for the burning. This settlement has achieved the goal of peaceful settlement of foreign disputes, preservation of the national system and protection of the people. Shangfeng and the people praised him. At the same time, he also promoted irrigation and water conservancy in Danyang and Dantu counties, opened more than 2300 ponds and built more than 100 ditches, canals, gates and dams. In 1892, when there was a great drought, he asked for the interception of 50000 grain crops, which helped more than 200000 hungry people, and raised more than 200000 yuan to deal with the aftermath of various disaster relief, such as locust hunting, cattle relief, river dredging, tree planting, grain accumulation, etc. He also made all the revenue and expenditure of the donations public. On the other hand, they ordered their counties to set up private schools to popularize folk education. Then we should establish the Baojia system and strengthen the local public security management. All these measures, which are beneficial to the people and win people's trust, are generally supported by the people under the government (see chronicle and biography of Wang renkan by Huang Nianci for the above deeds).

When the three-year term of office was over, Jiangsu Province ranked Wang renkan as the first in the province. In the 19th year of Guangxu (1893), he was transferred to be the magistrate of Suzhou, and the people of Suzhou were happy to hear about it. At that time, Yin Ruzhang, who was the provincial examiner, passed by Suzhou and met with local officials. Wang renkan was present. There happened to be a dismissed Middle School Secretary Zhou Fuqing (Lu Xun's grandfather) who secretly sent someone to deliver the examination joint to Yin. Yin saw that Wang renkan was a senior scholar and was known for his impartiality. He not only did not dare to accept Zhou Fuqing's letter, but also sent the original letter to Wang renkan for trial. So Zhou Fuqing was brought to justice. For a time, there was a trend of fraud and bribery. (see Li Boyuan's Zhuang Xie Shi Hua)

Wang renkan has a history of hernia. During his difficult and difficult tenure in Zhenjiang, he has been very sick. He has only been in Suzhou for three months. When he took over the new post, it was even more complicated and he suffered a lot from hernia. On October 18, when he returned to the Yamen office from a banquet, he suffered from abdominal pain. The doctor mistook it for a cold disease, and he used too much musk. After taking it, he sweated like rain. On October 20, he died at the age of 45. The people heard the obituary and gathered at the government office to mourn. The Qing court issued an imperial edict to praise and set up a biography in the National History Museum (see annals and memorials by Liu Kunyi, governor of Liangjiang).

Since the Opium War and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement, Wang renkan's political corruption and foreign aggression in the late Qing Dynasty had shown various signs of danger, which was the common concern of all people of insight at that time. In his youth, Wang renkan had deep feelings about this. When he just won the first prize, he returned to his hometown in fine clothes and visited his relatives and friends. During that time, he once visited Xiamen, a city full of foreigners. In a social intercourse place, I know a Geisha who sells herself because of poverty. He contacted the current situation and had a premonition that there would be the pain of national subjugation. A poem is inscribed: "the people of youlesi are haunted by their feelings, and the silk and bamboo in front of the bottle are full of love. I'd like to pour out the four seas of Acacia wine and learn from the first half of Wenshan's life. " (Wenshan is Wen Tianxiang, a famous minister who died in the late Song Dynasty) this poem was soon spread to the capital, causing some political and Taoist comments. Either he thought that there was something wrong with Wen Tianxiang before the subjugation of the country, or he thought that his behavior was improper, and he made a metallurgy tour. Wang renkan explained that I only talked about the first half of Wenshan's life, not the second half of his life! People can't refute it. In this poem and his self explanatory words, we can see that he is deeply worried about the country and the people, and his tact in dealing with those unkind critics.

After Wang renkan died, the coffin was transported back to Fuzhou and buried in Ma'anshan, beimenwai. In Zhenjiang Prefecture, where he served as a magistrate, people built a temple beside the cold spring of Jinshan to commemorate this good official

Chinese PinYin : Wang Ren Kan