He Yucheng

He Yucheng

He Yucheng, male, during the Opium War and in the seven or eight years after the war, the patriotic gentry played an active role in organizing and leading the Guangdong People's anti aggression struggle by virtue of their social status and taking advantage of their superior conditions. From the famous Sanyuanli people's anti British struggle in April of the 21st year of Daoguang (May of 1841) to the organization of sociological anti aggression armed forces after the war, he Yucheng Wang Shaoguang and others are the activists and key figures among them.

Basic information

Native place: Panyu, Guangzhou historical period: Opium War historical event: Sanyuanli people's anti British struggle

brief introduction

He Yucheng, famous Lin, is a stone cutter. He was born in Xiaogang township (now Baiyun District, Guangzhou) of mudris, Panyu. Jiaqing 22 years (1817) scholar. The 11th year of Daoguang (1831). In his early years, he was poor and made a living by teaching. He organized Huaiqing society in the township to maintain local public order. After years of unremitting efforts, he achieved fruitful results. The Opium incident began with poems such as Xin Chou's first Xia Shu Shi, which exposed the imperialist invasion and the harm of opium importation to the Chinese people. In the 21st year of Daoguang, the British army invaded Guangzhou and occupied all the fortresses. He Yucheng, who lived not far away from Guangzhou, once sought to "unite with all the social schools of our department and keep the countryside.". However, at this time, the gentry in each village still had the idea of "Self-protection" and "did not dare to act without authorization". In May of that year, Sanyuanli farmers in the northern suburb of Guangzhou first held up the banner to fight against the British. He Yucheng responded positively by organizing a volunteer team in the township to encourage the villagers to kill the British soldiers. Cambodians spread that the villages of Panyu, Nanhai and Zengcheng sent Dingzhuang to join forces against Britain and defeated the British Invaders in niulangang. Afterwards, the Qing government awarded he Yucheng "six grades of military merit". Qi long, the governor of Guangdong Province, said that "the governor of Yucheng led the villagers, regardless of himself" and awarded the plaque. However, he did not forget the people who died and died in various townships. He contacted all the squires to submit a statement to Qi long, the governor of Guangdong Province, and proposed to set up a "loyal and brave ancestral hall for expelling foreigners" (i.e. Yiyong ancestral hall) to "comfort the loyal souls". After approval, it was set up in niulangang, where the people died, and later moved to Shijing. After the British army was defeated by the villagers such as Sanyuanli, he Yucheng suggested that the government should "strengthen the equipment" and set up artillery in every water and land pass from Haizhu to Shimen, such as Renwei, Shanan, Liyuan, pantang, suikou and Baisha, zeng7 on the other side. At the same time, we should help the non-governmental organizations to expand their social organizations. When Li Fang and he Youshu initiated the establishment of Shengping social school and Shengping public office, he Yucheng gave strong support, making the social school organization a non-governmental anti British team that "if there is nothing to do, it will take responsibility for the field, and if it hears the police, it will fight against the invasion". He Yucheng wrote an inscription for the West Lake sociological school. He pointed out: "those who are afraid of going against the barbarians have a strong will of the people, and those who are so strong depend on the sociological school." After that, he was also ordered to send thousands of volunteers from Huaiqing society to garrison in the fortresses outside the city to prevent British soldiers from committing crimes again. Qi Yuying sent people in Guangzhou to discuss the incident in December, so that he did not dare to take revenge. Qi long, the governor of Guangdong Province, and other local officials of Guangdong Province once played "he Yucheng's contribution to the war and hard work in running the regiment" several times. He is worthy of the responsibility of the people's society. " However, the Qing government always ordered that he Yu's transaction should be "properly controlled by general yilibu. If he is consistent, he will play with governor Bao again", which shows that the court does not trust him. In the 24th years of Daoguang's reign, he Yucheng had already taken part in the examination and was appointed as the magistrate of Shehong County in Sichuan Province for ten years. Zhongchuan's "Shehong county annals" and "TongZhou Prefecture annals" have been passed on, and the poems and essays are "Arts and literature". At the end of Xianfeng's reign, he returned to his hometown after retiring from his official post. He elected and presided over Baoliang Bureau for the villagers, and tried to protect many red scarf soldiers who were chased and killed by the imperial court. In the second year of tongzhi (1863), it was suggested that Huaiqing sociological school should be rebuilt and renamed "Fuling sociological school". He Yucheng's former residence langcui mountain house still exists today. He once carved his own poems in the name of his residence, which was lost for a long time. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the Guangdong Provincial Museum of literature and history collected ten poems and compiled them into a collection of poems of lancui Shanfang, many of which are important historical materials of the anti British struggle.

Detailed introduction

He Yucheng, formerly known as Lin, was born in Xiaogang Township, mudris, Panyu County, Guangdong Province. He was a scholar in the 22nd year of Jiaqing (1818) and was promoted in the 11th year of Daoguang (1831). After the outbreak of the Opium War, he organized League training in Huaiqing social school. On the fourth and fifth day of April in the 21st year of Daoguang (May 24 and 25, 1841), the British aggressors landed in Nicheng and captured the four fortresses in the north of Guangzhou. Xiao Gang is located in the north of Sifang fort and Sanyuanli. He Yucheng and his brothers "will be toppled if they spend their time in the old town". They once "gathered all the public leagues" and planned to organize anti aggression forces to defend the village. However, at that time, the gentry of each village "resisted the peace negotiation between the officers and commanders" (at that time, Yishan negotiated peace with the British army and signed the "Guangzhou armistice agreement") and most of them retreated The realization of (1). On the 10th of April (May 30), the people of Sanyuanli were unable to bear the harassment and bullying of the British army, and bravely raised the banner of anti British. He Yucheng said that "Cambodian spread to Dongbei, Nanhai, Panyu, Zengcheng and Lianlu villages, each with Ding Zhuang for protection." so the people of Sanyuanli and other 90 townships in the northwest of the nearby city, and Sanshan and other villages on the opposite bank "fed the old and the weak, and Ding Zhuang went to the war. In a moment of righteous indignation, they gathered tens of thousands of people 。” ② The battle lasted until the afternoon of the next day. The masses fought bravely and achieved great results. When they were about to further annihilate the besieged invading army, Yu Baochun, the governor of Guangzhou, and other local officials were forced to disband under the order of Yishan and other officials. According to the old legend, Yu Baochun found he Yucheng, ordered him to withdraw his troops, disbanded his troops, and threatened him: "if you don't withdraw your troops, he Yucheng will be responsible for six million yuan (compensation)". ③ he was forced to accept it. Afterwards, Yi Shan and Qi Gong, governor of Guangdong and Guangdong provinces, made great contributions to him, and invited the Qing government to award him six grades of military merit, praising him and some gentry for their "bravery in supervising the villages and killing bandits（ (of British forces) many He also presented plaques and plaques to the people of Sanyuanli and other villages. They severely punished the British Invaders, but there were also casualties among the volunteers, among whom more than 20 people died in the battle. In the middle of April of this year, he Yucheng and other patriotic gentry jointly submitted a statement to Qi Gong, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, asking for compensation for the injured and the wounded and establishing a "loyal and brave Temple", which was approved. They also published "Shuo tie" in the name of "Zhongjin Qi in more than 90 townships on the South Bank of Sanyuanli West Village", refuting the "notice" that the law of righteousness threatened the people of Guangdong. The words in Shuo tie are concise and powerful. At the end, it proposes to fight against the British army again by "rectifying hundreds of thousands of soldiers", which means that "we must make sure that the devils do not survive alone and that the ghost ship does not sail home", which makes Yilv very afraid. Qi Gong and others "denounced yingni as wonderful" when they saw this word. They sent Yu Baochun, Panyu and Nanhai prefectures to come forward and invited more than ten gentry, such as he Yucheng, to the Dafo temple on the evening of April 19 (16 / 8). He Yucheng's actions in Sanyuanli people's anti British struggle show that he has ardent patriotic thoughts and feelings. He also expresses his strong feelings of defending the country and protecting his hometown in some of his poems. In the poem "chronicle of tuanlian village's bravery stationed in the four fortresses and other places", he described the actual situation of Sanyuanli's anti British struggle, and wrote: "in the early summer of this year, the bandits plundered the west countryside of the city, the young fought to resist the aggression, the old and the weak shared food, the heart of heaven helped our people, the rain was heavy and the waves were drenched, the soldiers were dark, and our soldiers were strong. His hatred of the aggressor was shown by his fighting with the sword and the card, annihilating the dog and the sheep, and getting off the ship. In the second year (1842), all parts of Guangzhou reorganized or built new sociological schools. Among them, the earliest one was the "Shengping sociological school" established by Li Fang, a member of Nanhai County, in Shijing. Panyu's Cabinet Secretary and Jinshi he Youshu prepared to build the "Shengping office" in Jiangcun. He Yucheng assisted he Youshu in specific preparations. After the establishment of these sociological armed forces, they came at once, and received a significant effect of resisting aggression and protecting their hometown. Just as how Yucheng said in his poem, "all the people are of one mind, and the only call is to gather all the people, so as to frighten the distant barbarians, and to be brave without fighting." On the night of the sixth day of November (December 7) of the lunar calendar, the people of Guangzhou burned down the British business hall. Qi Gong and other people were "afraid of making trouble under the pretext of foreigners". The next day, they ordered two thousand Zhuang Yong from Shengping social school and the government office to "come to the province for fear of danger". Ding Zhuang from these two places "enthusiastically gathered" on the eighth day of the lunar calendar (9th). He Yucheng led 1000 tuanyong troops stationed in Xiaobei Jiaochang at that time. In his poem, he wrote: "I'm afraid I didn't know that people's resentment was deep, and yilou was destroyed. Mid night alarm smell, fear again Yi atmosphere blazing. I hasten to call on my friends and come here enthusiastically Deploy the north field to win the first place. As a result, Qi Gong and other local officials in Guangdong Province repeatedly played "he Yucheng contributed to the war and worked hard to run the regiment". However, the Qing government ordered he Yucheng to be "put under the control of general yilibu, as always, and then meet with the governor" to show their distrust of these anti aggression weapons. Later, in the many struggles against the British entering Guangzhou City, Shengping social school and the public office played an important role in organizing the masses. In the 24th year of Daoguang (1844), he Yucheng went to Beijing to take part in the joint examination. He was appointed as the county magistrate of Shehong in Sichuan Province. In the last year of Xianfeng, he retired from his official post and returned to his native place to preside over the Baoliang Bureau for the villagers. At that time, after the red scarf army headed by Li Wenmao left Guangzhou, the peasants in the villages outside the city, especially in Sanyuanli, were hunted and killed by local officials headed by Ye Mingchen, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi Many people survived the disaster. In the second year of tongzhi (1863), he Yucheng changed Huaiqing sociological school into Fuling sociological school. Since then, the story is unknown. There are several poems in his posthumous works

Chinese PinYin : He Yu Cheng