Cao Huan
Cao Huan
Cao Huan (244-302), whose real name is Cao Huang and whose name is Jingming, was born in Qiaoxian county (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province). He was the grandson of Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei Dynasty, the son of Cao Yu, king of Yan, and the last emperor of Wei Dynasty (June 27, 260-february 4, 266).
Born in the fifth year of Zhengshi (244), in the third year of Ganlu (258) in yanwang palace, Cao Mao, the noble Duke of Changdao, was killed by Chengji in the fifth year of Ganlu (260). Sima Zhao negotiated with all his ministers to make Cao Huan emperor, who was worshipped by Cao Rui of Weiming emperor. Although Cao Huan was named emperor, he was actually a puppet of Sima family. In 265, after the death of Sima Zhao, his son Sima Yan became the king of Jin and usurped the power of Cao Wei. Cao Wei was destroyed and Cao Huan was granted the title of Chenliu king.
In the first year of Tai'an (302), Cao Huan died at the age of 58, posthumous title as emperor yuan.
Life of the characters
Early experience
Cao Huan, whose real name is Cao Huang and whose name is Jingming, was born in 244 in Jixian, the capital of the state of Yan (now Jizhou, Tianjin). He is the grandson of Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei Dynasty, and the son of Cao Yu, king of Yan.
In the third year of Ganlu (258), Cao Huang was granted the title of Changdao Xianggong (also known as Changdao Xianggong of anci county because Changdao was under the jurisdiction of anci county).
Puppet emperor
In May of the fifth year of Ganlu (260), Emperor Cao Mao of Wei was killed. After discussing with the ministers, Sima Zhao decided to make Cao Huang emperor. On the eighth day of May, Sima Zhao sent his son, Sima Yan, to meet Cao Huang in Yecheng.
On the first day of June in the fifth year of Ganlu (260), the Empress Dowager Guo (empress Guo of the Ming and Yuan Dynasties) issued an edict to change Cao Huang's name to Cao Huan. On the second day of June, Cao Huan came to the capital city of Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan Province). After meeting the Empress Dowager Guo, Cao Huan granted amnesty to the emperor in the front hall of Taiji on that day. He changed his name to Jing Yuan and rewarded the ministers according to their titles.
On the fourth day of June in the first year of Jingyuan (260), Cao Huan worshipped Sima Zhao as the prime minister, and was granted the title of Duke of Jin. There were two more counties in Shiyi, with a total of ten counties, and the ceremony of Jiuxi was added. In addition, for the children of Sima family, those who did not have a title were granted the title of Marquis of Pavilion, giving tens of millions of money and tens of thousands of silk. Sima Zhao tried his best to refuse.
Although Cao Huan was the emperor in name, he had no power in his hands and had no influence in his ministers and army. He was a puppet of Sima family.
To abolish the seal
Sima Zhao died on August 9 in 265, and his son Sima Yan succeeded him as prime minister and king of Jin Dynasty. On November 12, Sima Yan usurped the power of the state of Wei and established the Western Jin Dynasty, known as Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty. Since then, the state of Wei has been destroyed. On November 14, Cao Huan was moved to Jinyong city. When Cao Huan came out of the city, Sima Fu, the Taifu, said goodbye to him. He took him by the hand and said in tears, "I am a loyal minister of the great Wei Dynasty to my death." On November 17, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty granted caohuan the title of Chen Liuwang, who lived in ten thousand households. The palace was arranged in Yecheng, where he was given the use of the emperor's banners, the preparation of the five hour auxiliary car, the travel to zhengshuo of the state of Wei, and the worship of heaven and earth in the suburbs. The ritual and music system all imitated the early system of the state of Wei. Its status, treatment and outcome can be said to be the best of the monarchs of the past dynasties.
A happy ending in troubled times
In the first year of Tai'an (302), Emperor Hui of Jin Dynasty, Cao Huan died in Chen Liufeng at the age of 58. The imperial court gave him the posthumous title of emperor yuan, and later generations called him "emperor Wei Yuan".
Cao Huan's descendants no longer appear in the official records, so it is impossible to know whether he has any descendants. Because he died during the eight kings rebellion, many records may be lost or destroyed during that period. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there was always the title of Chen Liu Wang, the surname of Cao. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were records of Cao Qian, the heir of Chen Liu Wang. However, it is not sure whether he was the descendant of Cao Huan or the successor of Cao family. There has always been an earthen mound near Yecheng site, which is said to be Cao Huan's tomb. Later, archaeological excavation confirmed that it was not Cao Huan's tomb. In addition, it took 214 years for the chenliufeng Kingdom, which began with Cao Huan, to spread to the Southern Qi Dynasty.
Main impact
Politics
On December 21, 262, a part of Yizhou was set up as Liangzhou. On December 22, Yizhou people were granted special amnesty and half of their rent and taxes were exempted within five years.
On the first day of February in the first year of Xianxi (264), the aborigines in Yizhou were granted special amnesty. In May of the same year, Sima Zhao, the prime minister and king of Jin Dynasty, asked to restore the five rank system.
In the second year of Xianxi reign (265), the administrative organs of tuntian were abolished, and the tuntian officials were removed from their posts. The former diannongdu was changed to Taishou, and all diannongduwei were county magistrate and county magistrate. He also recruited immigrants from Shu to move to the mainland, where the government provided food for two years and did not levy taxes for 20 years.
military
Destroy Shu Han
In October 261 of the second year of Jingyuan, Jiang Wei, a general of the Shu Han Dynasty, led his troops into Taoyang County of the Wei state. Deng AI, the general of Zhenxi, led his troops to attack and defeated the Shu army in Houhe. Jiang Wei returned to Hanzhong.
In May 263, Cao Huan ordered all the troops to attack the Shu Han Dynasty. He sent General Deng AI to the west to lead 30000 people from Didao to Dazhong and Gansong to contain Jiang Wei's troops. He sent governor zhugexu of Yongzhou to Wudu and Gaolou from Qishan to cut off Jiang Wei's retreat. Zhonghui, the general of Zhenxi, was sent to Hanzhong from xiegu, Luogu and Ziwu Valley to attack Shuhan. Since Deng AI and Zhong Hui led their troops to attack Shu, the Wei army was almost invincible. In November of the same year, Liu Chan, the empress of the Shu Han Dynasty, came to Deng AI Jun to surrender, and the Shu Han Dynasty perished.
Guard against Soochow
Since the fall of the state of Wei, the army of the eastern Wu Dynasty came to Yong'an. The state of Wei mobilized the troops stationed in Jingzhou and Yuzhou to coordinate with each other. In April of 265, the second year of Xianxi reign, the special envoys of the eastern Wu Dynasty, Ji Zhi and Hong Zhen, came to the state of Wei to seek peace.
International Relations
In July of 261, the second year of Jingyuan, Han, min, and other tribal leaders of foreign nationalities in Lelang County led their subordinates to pay tribute to the government to show their attachment.
In April 262, Liaodong county officials reported to the court that Sushen sent envoys to pay tribute and presented 30 bows made by their country, each of which was three feet and five inches long; wooden arrows were one foot and eight inches long; there were 300 crossbows, 20 sets of armor made of cow hide and iron, and 400 pieces of mink skin.
Historical evaluation
Chen Shou's annals of the Three Kingdoms states: "King Chen Liu respected himself to the south, ruled the country, worshipped and obeyed the previous style, bowed and gave way to Zen, so he was honored as a great power and served as a guest of honor in Jin Dynasty. Compared with Shanyang, ban Chong was more important."
Hao Jing: "Huan knows that the destiny of the tripod has been changed, and the tripod has been built up. He is willing to die, and he is willing to sacrifice himself."
Anecdotes and allusions
Strange man prophecy
In August 265 of the second year of Xianxi reign, Xiangwu county officials reported to the imperial court that a strange man appeared in Xiangwu county. He was more than three feet tall, with three feet and two inches of footprints. He had white hair, yellow clothes and scarves, and was on crutches. He called for Wang Shi, the villagers. For him, the world is at peace. On September 14 of the same year, Cao Huan ordered a general amnesty.
To give birth to one's offspring
According to volume 77 of Zizhi Tongjian, Sima Yan of the central defense army welcomed gonghuang (Cao Huan) of Changdao Township, the son of yanwang Yu, to ye, and regarded him as the heir of Ming emperor "Tongdian" volume 93: "in the fourth year of Xianning, in the state of Chen Liu, Yangong (referring to Cao Yu) was the father of Wang (referring to Cao Huan, that is, Cao Huang). Wang was worshipped by Emperor Ming (referring to Cao Rui), and Cao Yu is now Wang's grandfather." Cao Yu, the Duke of Yan, was originally Cao Huan's father, but after Cao Shao died, Cao Huan succeeded to Datong in the name of Wei Ming emperor's heirs. According to "Wang Feng Wei's family, the inheritors are important, and they can't obey their private relatives", Cao Huan wanted to recognize Cao Yu as "his grandfather". Cao Yu was Cao Cao's son, Cao Pi's brother, the father of Cao Rui, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and should be the ancestor of Cao Huan, the son of the emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
interpersonal relationship
grandparent
Grandfather: Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei Dynasty
Grandmother: Mrs. Huan (Mrs. Huan)
father
His father: Cao Yu, the king of Yan, was descended to the Duke of Yan in the Western Jin Dynasty.
Stepfather: Cao Rui
wife
Queen Bian (Queen Bian), the daughter of Bian Lin, whose grandfather Bian Bing is the younger brother of Cao Cao's wife, Empress Wu Xuan Bian. Jingyuan four years (263 years), as the queen
Artistic image
Literary image
Historical romance novel the romance of the Three Kingdoms
Film and television image
In 1994, Wang Han played Cao Huan in the drama romance of the Three Kingdoms;
2016 TV drama huangfumi legend: Jiao Enjun plays Cao Huan.
Chinese PinYin : Cao Huan
Cao Huan
