Wei Huiwang

Wei Huiwang

King Hui of Wei (400-319 BC), namely King Hui of Liang, was born in Anyi (now Xiaxian County, Shanxi Province) of Wei state. During the Warring States period, Wei was the third monarch (369-319 BC). The son of marquis Wu of Wei.

In 361 BC, Huiwang moved his capital from Anyi (now northwest of Xiaxian County, Shanxi Province) to Daliang (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province). From then on, Wei was also called Liang. The Great Wall was built in the West. In the 17th year, it was defeated by the state of Qi in Guiling (now in the northwest of Changyuan City, Henan Province). The next year, it united with the Han Army to defeat the Qi, song and Wei troops in Xiangling (now in suixian County, Henan Province). In the 26th year, he first called himself king among the six states outside Chu. He called the meeting of Fengze and led the twelve princes to court the emperor of Zhou. In the 29th year, it was defeated by the state of Qi in Maling (now Southeast of Daming County in Hebei Province, southwest of fan County in Henan Province, or Maling mountain in Tancheng County in Shandong Province), and the national power declined from then on. In the first year of Yuan Dynasty (334 BC), Queen Hui met with King Wei of Qi in Xuzhou (now Southeast of Tengzhou City, Shandong Province). She respected King Wei of Qi as king, and King Wei also recognized him as king. She was known as "King Xiang of Xuzhou" in history. In the 12th year, Gongsun Yan, the general of Wei, made Wei, Han, Zhao, Yan and Zhongshan "prime ministers of five countries" to fight against Qin. Because he was defeated by the army, Zou Yan, Chun Yu Kun and Meng Ke all went to Daliang. In his later years, he was repeatedly attacked by the state of Qin and lost Hexi and Shangjun successively. He died in the 16th year and his descendants succeeded to the throne.

Life of the characters

King Hui of Wei (400 bc-319 BC) was later known as king Hui of Liang, surnamed Ji, surnamed Wei, and named Luo (the Warring States policy refers to "baby"). The son of marquis Wu of Wei. The third generation monarch of Wei state. 370-319 BC.

After the death of marquis Wu of Wei, Wei Xun and his son Huan succeeded in competing for the throne. In the sixth year of King Hui of Wei Dynasty (364 BC), on April 13th (May 29th of the Gregorian calendar), the capital city was moved from Anyi (now Yuwang village in the northwest of Xixia County) to Daliang (now Southeast of Kaifeng in Henan Province), so it is also called King Hui of Liang in Mencius. Before uncle CuO died, he advised Huiwang to kill Shangyang and not let him escape. Huiwang didn't listen.

During his reign, Pang Juan's military strength increased greatly. However, Pang Juan framed his classmate Sun Bin, and King Hui of Wei was totally unaware of his interests, which led Sun Bin to escape and enter Qi.

In the 16th year of King Hui of Wei (354 BC), the battle of Guiling took place. In the 29th year of King Hui of Wei (341 BC), the battle of Maling took place. Both wars were defeated by Sun Bin of Qi. After the death of Pang Juan, the military strength of the state of Wei declined completely, so that King Hui of Wei sighed that "he lost Qi in the East, lost more than 700 Li in the west, and humiliated Chu in the South".

In the 36th year of King Hui of Wei (334 BC), King Hui of Wei respected King Wei of Qi in Xuzhou (today's Tengzhou of Shandong Province). King Wei also recognized the title of King Hui of Wei, known as "the Prime Minister of Xuzhou" in history, and officially called him king. In that year, he changed the Yuan Dynasty to record the new year, which marked the loss of the hegemony of Wei. The king of Chu Wei was very angry about this. He said, "I can't sleep, I can't eat enough." in the seventh year, the king of Chu Wei led the army to attack Qi. Zhao and Yan took the opportunity to attack Qi.

King Hui of Wei died in 319 BC at the age of 82.

Fengze "meeting"

Princes

”

King Hui of Wei is the prince of marquis Wu of Wei. Marquis Wu of Wei reigned for 26 years and died in 370 BC. King Hui of Wei was 30 years old when he ascended the throne. When his father died, King Hui of Wei argued for the throne with his brother Zhong Shou. At this time, under the planning of Gongsun Qi, Korea and Zhao jointly attacked the state of Wei, defeated the Wei army in zhuoze, and besieged King Hui in the army. However, on how to deal with the state of Wei, there were differences between the two countries

① Historical records Volume 65 biography of Sun Tzu Wu Qi.

② The fifth volume of historical records is Qin Benji.

③ The ancient edition of Bamboo Annals (annotation and citation of Wenshui in shuijingzhu).

④ Fang Shiming and Wang Xiuling: chronological collection of ancient bamboo books, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1981, P. 95. ⑤ Historical records Volume 40 Qin family.

① Shi Ji, Volume 44, the Wei family.

Zhao wanted to get rid of Prince Li Huan and let Wei cede land to the two countries; South Korea advocated that Wei should be divided into two countries instead of killing Prince Hui. If Wei is divided into two parts, the national strength will be greatly weakened and will no longer pose a threat to South Korea and Zhao. Zhao did not agree with South Korea's proposal, and South Korea was not happy, so he took his troops out of the battlefield overnight. As a result, King Hui was able to keep the throne, and the state of Wei was not divided into two small states. It can be seen from this incident that the alliance of the three Jin Dynasties, with Wei as its leader, began to break down.

The defeat of zhuoze did not damage the vitality of the state of Wei. The following year (368 BC), Wei launched a counterattack against Korea and Zhao, "defeated Korea in Maling (now Fanxian west of Henan Province), defeated Zhao in Huai (now southwest of Wuzhi of Henan Province)". Although Wei defeated Han and Zhao and kept his independence, he was isolated because of the collapse of the three Jin Alliance.

Before and after the collapse of the alliance of the three Jin Dynasties, Qin State in the West and Qi State in the East became strong and threatened Wei state. Qin Dynasty implemented the "first rent grain" in the seven years of Qin Jian (408 BC). It offered the first year of public (384 BC) "death from death", "seven years of" early behavior ", and ten years of" registered residence "and so on. From then on, he began to attack the state of Wei. Qin Xiangong defeated Han and Wei troops in Luoyin in the 19th year. In the 21st year, he fought with Wei in Shimen and defeated the Wei army, "beheading 60000, congratulations to the emperor.". In the 23rd year, he fought with Wei again in Shaoliang (now in the south of Hancheng County, Shaanxi Province), and Wei general Gongsun CuO was captured.

Although the state of Qi in the East was listed as a vassal with the help of marquis Wen of Wei, it was a traditional big country and was unwilling to be subordinate to the state of Wei. In the period of King Hui of Wei, there was a military conflict with Wei. In the third year of Huiwang (367 BC), "Qi defeated me" (now southwest of Qingfeng County, Henan) "③. After Wei Hui King ascended the throne, he once made an appointment with Huan Gong Wu, the monarch of Qi State, and "Marquis Tian Mu Beizhi" came to the throne. As a great power in the East, the state of Qi formed its own power group by winning over and intimidating some small and medium-sized countries around it.

In the 14th year, Chen houwu's inscription said, "in the 10th and 4th year of Jiashi, Chen houwu's group of princes (Yi) donated money to make sacrificial utensils for the emperor's filial concubine." ⑤ in the 14th year, Chen houwu was the Duke of Tian Qi, the 14th year was 361 BC, and the 9th year was king Hui of Wei. This is the beginning of Qi's collection of some tribute from the small vassal states between Huai and Si, which indicates that Qi started a competition against Wei's hegemony.

① Shi Ji, Volume 44, the Wei family.

② The fifth volume of historical records is Qin Benji.

③ In historical records, Volume 44 is the Wei family, and Volume 6 is the first emperor of Qin Dynasty.

④ Zhuangzi Zeyang.

⑤ On the 42nd page of Volume 7 of the three generations of Ji Jin Wen Cun.

⑥ Xu Zhongshu: on the history of pre Qin Dynasty, P. 235.

Under the pressure of the East and the west of Qin and Qi, King Hui of Wei took three measures to deal with the current situation: first, he moved his capital to Daliang (now Kaifeng City of Henan Province); second, he re formed an alliance with Han and Zhao hehao; third, he benefited the domestic people.

When the three families divided Jin Dynasty, the capital of Wei state was Anyi (northwest of Xixia County). The eastern part of the territory of the state of Wei has been occupied by Hanoi and Henan in the north and middle of Henan, and the eastern part has become the main part of the territory of the state of Wei. In April of the sixth year of King Hui of Wei, the capital of the state moved from Anyi to Liang, also known as Daliang. After King Hui of Wei moved his capital to Daliang, it was convenient for him to rule the vast areas in the East. At the same time, he also strengthened his control over the eastern vassals, so as to offset the influence of Qi among the vassals of Huai and Si.

① There are three versions of Wei's migration: the sixth, ninth and thirty first year of King Hui of Wei, which can be seen in the Ancient Bamboo Annals and the Wei family, Volume 44 of historical records. The theory of six years is more reasonable.

In the period of King Hui of Wei, the state of Wei regarded Qi as its main opponent, so it adopted the strategy of uniting Zhao and Han to ease the opposition with Qin. In the fifth year of King Hui of Wei Dynasty, he met with Han Yihou in Zhaiyang (now the north of Zhengzhou City). In the ninth year, he met with Han lihou (now the north of Xingyang County in Henan Province). In the thirteenth year, he made an alliance with Han Zhaohou in Wusha. In order to contact the state of Zhao, in the ninth year, King Hui of Wei gave Yuci (now Yuci, Shanxi Province) and Yangyi (now dongyangyi village, nantaigu, Yuci County, Shanxi Province) to the state of Zhao, and the state of Zhao gave Wei's family (now Gaoping, Shanxi Province) in exchange. In the 14th year, he met with Marquis Zhao Chenghou in Wei (Zhaodi, now North of Baixiang County, Hebei Province). In the 16th year of emperor Hui of Wei Dynasty, he met with Qin Xiaogong in duping (now Chengcheng County of Shaanxi Province) to adjust the relationship with Qin. Twenty years ago, he made an alliance with Zhao Jun on zhangshui, and in twenty-one he met again with Qin Xiaogong in TONGDI. King Hui of Wei made an alliance with Han and Zhao and met with Xiaogong of Qin, which restored the temporary alliance relationship between the three Jin Dynasties and eased the contradiction with the state of Qin. However, he did not make an alliance with the monarch of Qi.

In the year after the capital was moved, King Hui of Liang abolished every taboo and gave it to the people. The word "waste" is also used as "Fa" and "sou" is chuanzedi. Fengji, also known as Pengji, Fengchi and Fengze, is located in the southeast of Kaifeng City, Henan Province. In the past, zesou was controlled by the state. As an income of the national treasury, the people could not get involved. King Hui of Wei abandoned fengjize, which was controlled by the state, and let the people use it to benefit the people. Then water conservancy was built. In Shuijing jishuizhu, quoted from Bamboo Annals, it is said that in the 10th year of King Hui of Wei Dynasty, "the river flows into Futian, and then flows into Fushui for Dagou.". River refers to the Yellow River, Futian is a Ze name, in today's Henan Zhongmou County West. It was the state of Wei that led the water from the Yellow River to futianze, and then excavated an irrigation canal (ditch) to irrigate the farmland with water from futianze, so that the agricultural production of the state of Wei was developed.

Wei Ti gradually adopted the above policy

Chinese PinYin : Wei Hui Wang