Lao Naixuan

Lao Naixuan

Lao Naixuan (1843-1921) was named Jiyu, Yuchu and rensou. His native place is Tongxiang, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province (also Yangxin, Wuding, Shandong Province). Modern Chinese phonologist. At the end of Qing Dynasty, it was one of the main representatives of Li sect in the debate between Li and FA. Lao Naixuan insisted on the principle of "based on the meaning of the old law, with the body of the new law", and advocated that all the ethical codes belonging to the three cardinal guides and five permanent guides should be included in the new criminal law. His legal thought is the expression of Chinese feudal orthodox legal thought in modern Chinese society, aiming at resisting the change of Chinese legal system and maintaining feudal autocracy.

Character works

Collection of treaties and regulations of various countries, research on the origin and development of Yihe boxing, collection of simplified characters, explanation of planning, Gonghe Zhengjie and xugonghe Zhengjie

Life of the characters

Tongzhi ten years (1871) Jinshi, once Zhili county magistrate. Guangxu 34 years (1908) in Beijing by imperial edict, served as a counsellor of the constitutional compilation and inspection hall, promoted by the administrative department, and granted Jiangning tixue envoy. In the third year of Xuantong (1911), he was the general supervisor of the school of Beijing Normal University and the Deputy Minister of the academic department of Yuan Shikai's cabinet. After his restoration, Zhang Xun was appointed Minister of the Ministry of justice. Lao Naixuan adhered to the fundamental principle of revising the law with the feudal three cardinal guides and five constant principles. He believed that law was born in regime, regime was born in ethics, ethics was born in custom, and custom was born in livelihood. Three kinds of livelihood, including farming, hunting and herding, and industry and commerce, have produced three types of custom and ethics system of government, and thus three types of laws, including family law, military law, and commercial law. China is a "country of agriculture and mulberry", which produces patriarchal clan ethics. If everyone is close to his relatives and grows up, the world will be at peace. Therefore, the "family law" of familism comes into being. The fundamental principle of amending the legal system is to uphold the "three cardinal guides and five constant principles" of familism. He put forward to amend the draft of the criminal law on the constitutional compilation and inspection hall, and put forward to amend the "ethical rules of the old law" into the text of the new criminal law one by one, such as abusing one's name and righteousness, keeping and supporting one's relatives in crime, adultery between relatives, theft between relatives and assault between relatives. In his opinion, the old law of "the descendants violate the orders" stipulates that they should be punished with the punishment of hanging. If they repeatedly violate the old law, the elder petitions the dispatchers and dispatches them. After the deportation, there were also cases in which grandparents petitioned him to be released. In this way, "the right of punishment for future generations lies with grandparents, which is actually the prosperous track of filial piety education.". It is against the people's will that the draft of the new criminal law of the Qing Dynasty does not include the above-mentioned provisions. He believes that the new criminal law only lists the crime of marital adultery, but not the crime of marital adultery, which is "too much loss" and not in line with the Chinese people's will. According to the old law, he was convicted of the two kinds of adultery, and the former was slightly lighter than the latter. He said that "relatives' adultery" is a major event in violation of ethics. The old law is the most serious one, while the new law does not have a special article, so it is impossible to "guard against blasphemy and disorder".

He attached great importance to education, advocated the popularization of the study of equal rhyme alphabet, promoted the Pinyin of simplified Chinese characters. He once set up a school of simplified Chinese characters in Nanjing, and engaged in the study of ancient mathematics for a long time. He attached great importance to the construction of the library. In 1914, he and German Wei Lixian established a library in zunkong literary society, Shandong Province, which was the first library in Qingdao. There are many books in the building, including classics, history, classics, collection and other books, as well as modern Chinese and foreign books, most of which are in German. After the completion of the library, there was a book collection of zunkong literature society in Qingdao. Aixinjueluo Puwei inscribed a plaque on the library. The classification is based on Dewey's decimal classification, which is revised and adapted. Most of the readers are friends of Zun Kongwen society and teachers and students of Lixian Academy. After the dissolution of the society in 1937, the collection of books belonged to Lixian middle school.

Zhejiang University

From 1902 to February 1903, he served as premier (president) of Zhejiang University (predecessor of Zhejiang University).

Interesting stories of characters

Zhang Xun's restoration

At the time of Zhang Xun's restoration, when the rebels were about to invade the capital, the puppet officials appointed by Zhang Xun fled everywhere like frightened birds. But Lao Naixuan, the Minister of justice, vowed not to go. Others urged him to run away quickly. Lao Naixuan said: "I was only an academic envoy in the former Qing Dynasty, and now I am recommended to take charge of the judicial organs of the whole country. Although I have been in office for a few days, I have a lot to do with the civil and criminal lawsuits in various provinces A case has never been dealt with before. It's already a shame to be dead. If you leave your duty without permission, you will feel more and more sorry to the emperor. Today's plan is to insist on one principle: life is the official of the Ministry of justice, and death is the ghost of the Ministry of justice. I'm hanging a huge rope above the hall now. If the rebels enter the city, I'll hang a beam here to commit suicide and be loyal to the emperor. " However, after checking the year of Lao Naixuan's birth and death, it is found that Lao died in 1921. He must have been saved when he committed suicide at that time.

Speaking of Lao Naixuan, he was a stubborn old scholar. After the founding of the Republic of China, he lived in Qingdao and vowed not to be an official of the Republic of China. This time, he was recognized by Zhang Xun and became a senior official of the Ministry of justice. However, he was born in a traditional position and knew nothing about modern law. In order to prevent others from ridiculing him for not knowing what the law is, Lao Naixuan bought a copy of the laws of the Qing Dynasty from Liulichang, which he read every day from morning till night. When his friends saw that he was still working so hard at his age, they advised him to say, "even if you try your best, you can't remember so much. Moreover, after the new deal, the old laws and regulations are no longer applicable. You should look at the new laws more. That's the solution. " After hearing this, Lao Naixuan was very unhappy: "of course, the Qing Empire should use the Qing laws. I don't want to see any new laws." It is conceivable that this man is stubborn.

Against the Boxers

Lao Naixuan, the county magistrate of Wuqiao County, has always thought that Yihe boxing is a cult and strongly advocated the use of means of extermination. As a result, local Yihe boxing also hated him to the bone. They even put up posters saying that they wanted to "strip the county officials of their skin.". In fact, the boxers do have plans to attack the county. However, fan Tiangui's army soon arrived in Wuqiao County, and then carried out bloody suppression. It is said that when the officers and soldiers returned to the county, Lao Naixuan came to the gate to greet them and yelled, "tell me what your results are? How many Yihe fists have you killed? Take some heads to testify. I'll reward you! " So the cavalry showed him five heads.

Later, these heads were put in wooden cages and passed on to villages in urban and rural areas to warn the remaining Yihe boxers. Under the attack of the regular army, the Yihe boxing trend in the southeast of Zhili was soon subsided. Those Yihe boxers who escaped the hunt began to leave the wanted places and went to Beijing or other places. The area was calm again until the summer of 1900.

Records in the draft of Qing History

Lao Naixuan, a native of Tongxiang, Zhejiang Province. Tongzhi ten years Jinshi, Zhili County branch. Chalai water ceremony palace enclosure, force to reduce rent, Su people trapped. In the fifth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, Linyu was appointed as the first official in Linyu. In the morning, he began to write a letter to the emperor, and opened the gate. If there was an appeal from the people, he set up a personal hearing, so that the officials could not be separated from the officials, and the officials could not be separated from the people. It was the same for more than 20 years. Zeng Guoquan was in charge of Shanhaiguan and called the Secretary for copywriting. Li Nanpi and other counties, and Jifu Prefecture and other counties met with poor roads, and the salt division had a quota for the people, but the officials won. It was xuanren Lixian County. After paying homage to the mausoleum, he won and paid more than a thousand yuan for public use. After Ren Wan County, he bought more than ten thousand volumes of books. Ren Wuqiao was a founder of a private school. After finishing farming, he ordered the people to enter the private school and gave them the following books: disciple rules, primary school internal chapter, and holy edict Guangxun. First of all, Ningjin traitors, Chen Er rectification party for the county damage, the natives called black group, the momentum is very hot. When Nanpi was robbed and killed, Chen ER and several members of his party were captured by the xuanhui anti camp and captured in the city, and the black regiment died.

In the 25th year, Yihe boxing began in Shandong Province and spread to all regions of Zhidong and Dongdong. It was declared as "a study of the origin of Yihe boxing". Zhang Shixiao gave an edict and applied for a ban. Jingzhou has Festival small court, bandit leader also, the number can subdue. However, when they were punished, they could not make a God's appearance by shouting. When they were shown by owls, the bandits did not dare to enter the country. Next year, when the boxers came to Beijing, they announced that they were going to be in chaos. They were appointed to be the head of the Jixun division of the Ministry of official affairs, so they asked them to return to the south in a hurry. The governor of Zhejiang Province was appointed as the chief of Zhejiang University. He found Li Xingrui, the governor of Jiang, and took over duanfang and Zhou Fu. Zhou Fu advocated that the school of simplified Chinese characters should be set up in Jinling. In the early days, the king of Ninghe created the letters of Mandarin, which was xuanzeng. His initial sound number was "the spectrum of consonants and simplified characters", so that the phonetics of Jiangsu and Zhejiang were similar. In the 34th year, he was summoned to the capital and served as an alternate of sipingjingtang. He served as a counsellor in the compilation and inspection Hall of the constitutional government and was promoted by the administrative department.

In the first year of Xuantong, the imperial edict was issued to compile lectures on classics and history, which were submitted on a daily basis. It was spared to train nannies and cultivate saints. Two years later, he was elected to the Council. The new criminal law, which was introduced by the law Museum, was proposed to be amended after it was announced that it interfered with the relationship between father and son, the order between the old and the young, and the distinction between men and women. Jiang Ning was taught to study. In three years, he was called as the general supervisor of the Capital University and vice minister of the Ministry of education. Abdicate, beg to rest and live in seclusion in Laishui. At that time, most of the literati lived in Qingdao. Wei Lixian, a German, established the Confucius society, and Yan Naixuan was the leader of the society. Ding Si was restored to the throne, and was granted the Ministry of Dharma. He lived in Qufu during the reign of Xuan, and used his words of senility. There are nine deaths in seventy years.

In ancient and modern politics, the situation of the four ethnic groups is very clear and insightful, and the eyes of the world are generalists. His works include yi'anlu, textual research and interpretation of ancient planning, compilation of charter and draft of poetry and prose.

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