Zhu Jianshen

Zhu Jianshen

Zhu Jianshen (December 9, 1447 to September 9, 1487), the emperor Xianzong of the Ming Dynasty, was male and Han nationality. His original name was Zhu Jianshen and later changed to Zhu Jianru. The eighth emperor of the Ming Dynasty, the eldest son of Zhu Qizhen, Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty, and his mother, empress Xiaosu Zhou. In the 23rd year of his reign (1464-1487), he was named Chenghua.

After the civil engineering reform in 1449, his father Zhu Qizhen was captured by Wala, his uncle Zhu Qiyu was appointed to supervise the state, and Zhu Jianshen was made the crown prince. In 1452, Zhu Qiyu abolished Zhu Jianshen as king of Yi and made Zhu Jianji prince. In the eighth year of Jingtai (1457), Yingzong was restored because of the change of seizing the door, and Zhu Jianshen was once again established as the crown prince.

Zhu Jianshen was wise and benevolent during his reign. In the early years of his reign, he restored Zhu Qiyu's title as emperor, vindicated Yu Qian's unjust case, and appointed a wise minister, Shang Fu, to govern the country. The social economy was gradually revived by the clear and bright atmosphere of the times, the well-known and talented people in the imperial court, tax relief and penalty reduction. However, it can not be said that there are no defects in the appointment of treacherous people during his reign.

On September 9, 1487, he died at the age of 41. The temple is named Xianzong, and its posthumous title is emperor Tianning, who is sincere, benevolent, respectful, moral, noble, filial and pure. It was buried in the mausoleum of the Ming Tombs.

Life of the characters

Early years

The original name of emperor Xianzong of Ming Dynasty was Zhu Jianshen, later renamed Zhu Jianru (recorded in the record of emperor Xianzong). He was born in the Forbidden City of Beijing on December 9, 1447.

In the fourteenth year of Zhengtong (1449), varanan committed a crime and went straight to Datong. Despite the opposition of the officials, Ming Yingzong insisted on fighting in person. After the civil war, Ming Yingzong was captured by Wala. Zhu Qiyu, the king of Ying, was appointed to supervise the state. At the same time, Empress Dowager sun made Zhu Jianjun the crown prince at the age of three. In order to prevent Wala from cheating the emperor in the name of the emperor, and to prevent the country from having no monarch, Yu Qian and other ministers discussed with the Empress Dowager one after another, and decided to support the emperor's younger brother, Zhu Qiyu, king of Ying, as the emperor and respect Yingzong as the emperor. So Zhu Qiyu ascended the throne and changed the reign of Jingtai to Emperor zongjingtai of Ming Dynasty.

Wala's plot went bankrupt and attacked Beijing in a rage. Under the leadership of Yu Qian, Secretary of the Ministry of war, the garrison of the capital resisted the attack of Wala. The king's army arrived one after another. Wala retreated.

Two princes

In June of the first year of Jingtai (1450), an envoy was sent to negotiate peace with the Ming Dynasty and expressed his wish to send him back to Yingzong. Emperor Jing was unwilling to take back Yingzong because of the fact that the throne was not protected. Under the persuasion of Yuqian, he finally agreed to make peace and take back the emperor. In August, Ming Yingzong, who had been captured for about a year, was released. Ming Yingzong was released, but emperor Jingdi was extremely unwilling. Seven years later, Yingzong was placed under house arrest in Nangong.

In 1452, the crown prince Zhu Jianshen was abolished as king of Yi. Emperor Jing abandoned his nephew Zhu Jianshen and made his son Zhu Jianji the crown prince. Unexpectedly, the next year, Zhu Jianji died prematurely, and was named Prince huaixian at that time.

In the first month of 1457, Emperor Jingtai was seriously ill. Ministers Shi Heng, Xu Youzhen and others knocked open the gate of Nangong to welcome the restoration of Ming Yingzong. Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty was restored and King Ying was abolished. In the year of Tianshun, the name of Zhu Jianshen was changed to Zhu Jianru, and he was made the crown prince. Before long, Emperor Jing died of illness. Yingzong gave him an evil posthumous title, Li. Moreover, even Prince Zhu Jianji of huaixian, who had died prematurely, was chased and abolished as his son until the end of the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Jianshen regained his crown prince. However, when he was young, he was involved in the struggle for the throne. He was under great mental pressure, so he suffered from stuttering.

Succession administration

Ming Yingzong once again won the throne, wantonly awarded the meritorious officials of the change, and listened to slander, executed Yu Qian in the name of treason. The eunuch headed by Cao Jixiang gradually gained power, and the politics became more and more corrupt.

In the first month of 1464, Yingzong of Ming Dynasty was seriously ill. In the end, the crown prince Zhu Jianshen was Regent in Wenhua hall. On February 23, Ming Yingzong died. On Yihai day, the crown prince succeeded to the throne, and in the next year, he changed his name to Chenghua. In March, empress Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty was empress dowager Ciyi, and her biological mother, the Zhou family, was empress dowager. In May, Emperor Yingzong of Ming Dynasty was buried in Yuling. As soon as Xian Zonggang ascended the throne, there was a conspiracy between the commander of the capital and Wang Lun in the east palace to replace Li Xian with Qian PU. In his later years, Menda was deeply trusted by Yingzong, and Li Xianshi was the first assistant of the cabinet. He said to the royal guards official school under the command of Menda, "if you want to be a drama troublemaker, please forbid if you are tired, and the emperor calls for the commandment.". Therefore, Menda was deeply resentful and designed to trap Li Xian. The matter came to light, and Yingzong did not deal with Menda. Yingzong is seriously ill. Menda colludes with Wang Lun to get rid of Li Xian. Their conspiracy was exposed by the courtiers, and Xianzong was furious. As a result, Wang Lun was beheaded, Qian Pu was demoted, and Menda was concurrent because of his crimes. "On beheading the prison, there is no huge amount of money.". At the same time, Li Xian went to Shaobao and huagaidian to learn about Jingyan. Emperor Xianzong attached great importance to Li Xian, who was also known as the master of all things. But Li Xian died in the winter of the second year of Chenghua. In this year, there was a flood of thieves in Beijing, Sichuan, Huguang and Jingxiang.

In the first month of the first year of Chenghua (1465), Zhao Fu, the governor, was appointed as the general of Zhengyi. He led all the generals to fight against the Yao rebellion in Guangxi. In March, there was a riot in Sichuan. In December, Han Yong smashed the Yao rebels in Guangxi's Datang gorge and renamed it "Duanteng".

In the first month of the second year of Chenghua (1466), the regiment and battalion system was ended. In March, Zhu Yong broke down Liu Tong, the leader of bandits in the area of Jingzhou and Xiangzhou in Nanzhang, and captured Liu Tong. Shi Long, a member of his party, fled to Sichuan. In July, maolihai invaded Guyuan. In August, they invaded Ningxia again, and all Ningxia commanded Jiao Zheng to die. In October, Zhu Yong captured the bandit leader Shi Long and others, and the bandits in Jingxiang area were put down. In December, Li Xian, a bachelor, passed away. Zhu Jianshen ordered Liu Dingzhi, a young minister of Taichang temple and a scholar of Hanlin academy, to enter the cabinet to deal with aircraft maintenance. This month, the Yao bandits in duantengxia rioted again.

In the first month of the third year of Chenghua (1467), Zhu Jianshen gave Zhu Yong the title of general Pinghu, and together with Yang Xin, they fought against maolihai. In March, Zhu Jianshen was appointed as Minister of the Ministry of war and entered the cabinet again.

In September, in view of the fact that Jurchen in Jianzhou had repeatedly violated the border, the Ming government assembled 50000 troops and took Zhao Fu, commander in chief, as commander in chief. Li Bingwei, the censor of Zuo Du and governor of Liaodong, was the deputy commander in chief. The soldiers are divided into three routes: on the left, they go out of Hunhe River, Chaihe River, cross Shimen River and tuihe River to the watershed; on the right, they go through yahuguan and xichangkou, pass through the black pine forest of Phoenix City, and Motianling to pozhujiang River; the main force goes from Fushun to Suzihe River to the ancient city through bodaoshan and nianyuling.

At the same time, he ordered the North Korea to send troops to help. The North Korean soldiers came to pacify first, and the king sent an official, Cao Shen, to sentence gaotaibi to capture the capital. Emperor Xianzong praised the North Korean general Yu Youzao, and gave him fifty Liang silver and four pieces of silk. They also released the people who had been abducted by the real women. In October, the Korean soldiers returned home.

In December, Li Chun, the son of Zuo Shu, once again raised the issue of deposing the crown prince during the reign of emperor Jing of the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Jianshen said: "the events of the reign of emperor Jing Tai have passed, and I will not care about them. Moreover, these are not what my subordinates should say."

In the seventh year of Chenghua (1471), Wang Shu was appointed Minister of the Ministry of punishment and Prime Minister of river affairs. In November, Zhu Jianshen established his prince, Zhu you, as the crown prince, to grant amnesty to the world.

In November of the 11th year of Chenghua (1475), Zhu Youzhe was made the crown prince. In December, the title of Zhu Qiyu, the king of Ying, was restored.

Late reigning period

When Xianzong was in power, he was lazy in political affairs and did not see his ministers. All the officials played by the inner court. In 1471, under the pretext of a long-time comets, such as Pang Shi and Shang Hu, the university students, they asked the court to see them. Xianzong met with his cabinet ministers at fengtianmen. Peng shizou said that "the sky changes fearfully", and Xianzong said that "Qing and others should devote themselves to it". Also play: yushishu please reduce the salary of Beijing officials, civil officials can not military officials. Xianzong said, yes. Wan'an and others kowtow and shout long live. Peng Shi and Shang Fu also retired. Xianzong then withdrew from the court. The government and the public laughed and said, "long live the elder.". From then on, until Xianzong died, he did not summon the minister. As a young emperor, Xianzong was lazy in political affairs and worked with his concubines and maidservants in yeting palace. Wan'an, a bachelor, caters to the emperor's wishes and offers drugs and techniques in the room. Li Shi, the imperial censor of the capital, and Zhang Shan, the Minister of admonishment and discipline, also offered the secret recipe of Fangzhong to Xianzong. The monk Jixiao was introduced to Xianzong by his officials and became a national teacher. Li Zi Province, the chief political officer of Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, was hiding because of corruption. He learned the five thunder magic, and joined Liang Fang, an official in the imperial palace. He went to Xianzong to learn Taoist Fu Zhuan and licentious magic. He specially taught Shanglin yuan supervisor and went to Tongzheng envoy. Lizi province and Wan'an, Seng Jixiao, and Liang Fang, the internal official, accepted each other, manipulated the officials to advance and retreat, and the government and the public looked at each other.

In March of 1476, Li Zhen broke the Miao rebellion in Jingzhou. In May, Yuanjie, the vice capital, appeased the refugees in Jingxiang. In November, Zhang Zan, the imperial censor of Sichuan Province, attacked and conquered the Miao rebellion in Wanxi area. In December, Zhu Jianshen set up Yunyang Prefecture and the Department of defense, the capital of the line, to arrange the refugees there.

In the first month of the 13th year of Chenghua (1477), Zhu Jianshen set up the West factory to strengthen the secret service organization, and Wang Zhi, the eunuch, acted as the governor. In April, Wang Zhi sentenced the doctors Wu Qing, Yue Zhang, Tai hospital, Jiang Zongwu, Zhang tinggang, Zhejiang political envoy Liu Fu and others to the West Factory prison. In May, Fang Xian went to Xichang prison again. Zhu Jianshen, a scholar businessman of the University, and Xiang Zhong, a Shangshu, wrote to Zhu Jianshen and asked him to abandon the Western factory. Zhu Jianshen adopted their suggestions. In June, Xiang Zhong was removed from office for the people and the Western factory was set up again. Soon after, Shang Fu also resigned.

In the first month of 1482, Zhu Jianshen decided to abandon the West factory. In July of 1483, the little prince of Mongolia invaded Datong. In July of the 22nd year of Chenghua (1486), the little prince of Mongolia invaded Ganzhou again. Yao Ying, commander of Ganzhou, and others died in the war. In November, Annan invaded and occupied the city

Chinese PinYin : Zhu Jian Shen