Sima Yu

Sima Yu

Sima Yu (320-372, September 12) was born in Wenxian County, Hanoi prefecture (now Wenxian County, Henan Province). The eighth emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (from January 6 to September 12, 372) was the youngest son of Sima Rui, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, and the younger brother of Sima Shao, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty. His mother was Zheng achun, the Empress Dowager of Jian Wenxuan.

Sima Yu was granted the title of King Langya and King Kuaiji in the yuan, Ming, Cheng, Kang, mu, AI and abolishing dynasties. During the reign of emperor mu of Jin Dynasty, he was promoted to the rank of general of Fu army and the rank of Lu Shang Shu. He and He Chong were assistant officials. After he Chong's death, Premier Sima Yu took office. Yin Hao, a famous scholar, was introduced to take part in politics to fight against Ma Huanwen, an increasingly powerful chief executive. When Yin Hao was defeated in the northern expedition, he was abandoned by Huan Wen. After Sima Yi, the deposed emperor, ascended the throne, he was canonized as king Langya, and then became prime minister and recorded books. In November of the sixth year of Taihe (January 372), Huan Wen changed Sima Yu to Emperor. After Sima Yu ascended the throne, he was mostly restrained by Huan Wen, and could only "keep the Tao in silence". After only eight months in office, he died of grief and indignation and died at the age of 53. His posthumous title is emperor Jianwen and his temple title is Taizong. He was buried in Gaoping mausoleum.

Sima Yu was good at chatting. He was known as "pure and empty, especially good at metaphysics" in history. He was worthy of the name of chatting emperor. Under his advocacy, metaphysics developed abundantly before the middle of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. There are five volumes of collected works, which have been lost. Chunhua Ge tie contains his calligraphy work Qingci tie.

Life of the characters

Early and early

Sima Yu is the youngest son of Sima Rui, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, and the half brother of Sima Shao, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty. His mother is Mrs. Zheng (Zheng achun, the Empress Dowager of Jian Wenxuan). Sima Yu was very clever in his childhood, and was deeply loved by his father. Guo Pu, a famous scholar at that time, commented on Sima Yu and said, "it must be this man who revitalizes the Jin Dynasty." As an adult, Sima Yu was good at metaphysics.

Langya

In February of the first year of Yongchang (322), emperor yuan issued an imperial edict to appoint Sima Yu as the king of Langya, and took Kuaiji and Xuancheng as Sima Yu's food cities.

Zheng achun, Sima Yu's mother, died in the first year of Xianhe (326). Sima Yu, who was only seven years old at that time, was very sad, so he asked Sima Yan, Emperor Cheng of Jin Dynasty, to let him mourn for his mother. Emperor Cheng pitied him and allowed him to move Sima Yu to Huiji in December of the third year of Xianhe (328), and worshipped him as a servant.

Assistant government in Korea

In the ninth year of Xianhe (334), he was transferred to the right general and served as an official.

In the sixth year of Xiankang (340), he was promoted to Fujun general and Secretary Supervisor.

In the first year of Yonghe (345), because Sima Hong, Emperor mu of Jin Dynasty, was young, Chu suanzi, Empress Dowager of Chongde, was Regent. At that time, Chu Li, the father of empress Zheng and the general of Wei, entered the court and wanted to serve as the governor of Yangzhou. However, Liu ya, the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs, and Hu Zhi, the commander of the general of Wei, advised Chu Li: "Sima Yu, king of Kuaiji, is the Duke of Zhou of the country. He should hand over the state affairs to him." Chu Li then resolutely refused and returned to the vassal town. Empress Dowager Chu worshipped Sima Yu as the general of Fu army and recorded six things.

At that time, He Chong, who was Assistant Minister together, intended to use Huan Wen to subdue Yu Yuanzhi. However, Dan Yangyin and Liu Zhen thought that Huan Wen had the ambition of not being a minister, so he told Sima Yu: "Huan Wen should not be allowed to occupy a place with convenient terrain, and his status and title should be often belittled." So he advised Sima Yu to go out of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and let him be the Military Secretary, but Sima Yu didn't listen. Liu Chu asked himself to go, but he was not allowed to, so he appointed Huan Wen as general Anxi.

Against Huan Wen

In the second year of Yonghe (346), general He Chong died, and Empress Dowager Chu ordered premier Sima Yu to take office.

In the third year of Yonghe (347), Huanwen conquered Chenghan. After that, he became more and more authoritative and famous. Even the imperial court was afraid of him. Sima Yu believed that Yan Haosu, the governor of Yangzhou, was famous and admired by the government and the public, so he took him as his confidant and asked him to participate in the government to compete with Huan Wen. From then on, Yin Hao and Huan Wen gradually began to suspect each other, and they had a different heart. After that, Sima Yu quoted a large number of Kuaiji personages and metaphysics into the central government to check and balance Huan Wen. These people had a lot of influence on foreign wars or internal affairs during the period of emperor Mu and abolishing the emperor.

In December of the seventh year of Yonghe (January 13, 352), Huan Wen repeatedly requested that the Northern Expedition not be approved, so he led 40000 or 50000 troops down the Yangtze River and stationed in Wuchang. The imperial court was very scared, so Sima GAOSONG wrote a letter to Sima Yu to blame Huan Wen, and then he returned to the town. In July of the same year (352), Sima Yu was promoted to situ, but he refused to take the post.

In successive years of Northern Expedition, Yin Hao was repeatedly defeated, and his military equipment was exhausted. In the 10th year of Yonghe (354), Huan Wen took advantage of the resentment of the government and the public against Yin Hao to list Yin Hao's crimes and ask for his removal. Sima Yu had no choice but to demote Yin Hao as a commoner and exile him to Xin'an County, Dongyang county. From then on, the power inside and outside the imperial court was concentrated in Huan Wen's hands.

In the second year of Shengping (358), when Mu Di was 20 years old, Sima Yu wanted to return to Mu Di, but mu Di did not allow him.

In the third year of Xingning (365), Sima Yu heard that Chen you, the champion general, had given up Luoyang, so he met with Huan Wen in lie Zhou to discuss the matter of the expedition. Soon after, Sima PI, the emperor of AI, died, and the matter was put on hold. After the death of AI emperor, Sima Yi, the king of Langya, ascended the throne. Empress dowager Chu, on the ground that the king of langye had no heir, granted Sima Yu the title of king of langye (as the crown prince) and Sima Yao, the son of Sima Yu, the title of King of Kuaiji. Sima Yu refused to be granted the title. Although he was granted the title of King Kuaiji, he didn't go there.

In October of the first year of Taihe (366), Sima Yu became the prime minister and recorded the book affairs. He gave the honor of "no trend in the court, no fame in praise, no sword in the palace". He also gave 60 warriors, including Yubao, advocating and holding banjian. Sima Yu resolutely gave up.

On November 25, the fourth year of Taihe (370), after the failure of Huanwen's Northern Expedition, Sima Yu and Huanwen met in Tuzhong to discuss their actions.

Ascend to the throne as Emperor

On November 15, the sixth year of Taihe (January 6, 372), the great Sima Huanwen abolished Sima Yi as the king of the East China Sea. On the same day, he led hundreds of officials to meet Sima Yu in Kuaiji palace. Sima Yu changed his clothes in the court hall, wore a flat turban, wore a single dress, and faced the East with tears. He worshipped and accepted the emperor's seal and ribbon. Huan Wen lived in the middle hall temporarily and assigned troops to garrison and guard.

He died in grief and indignation

Huan Wen and later wrote a speech, intended to state to Sima Yu his intention to abolish the emperor. But Sima Yu kept crying every time he met him, which made Huan Wen tremble and could not say a word.

Although Sima Yu was an emperor, he was in fact restrained by Huan Wen and was afraid of being deposed by Huan Wen. At that time, Sima Yu saw Yinghuo enter taiweiyuan, because there was the same celestial phenomenon when the abolishing emperor of Jin Dynasty was abolished, so he was very upset. He even asked Xi Chao, Huan Wen's confidant who was also his former subordinate, whether he would abolish the emperor again. Xi Chao asserted: "Da Sima is stabilizing the country at home and opening up the country to the outside world. He is willing to use his family of more than 100 to guarantee that no abnormal incident will happen." When Xi Chao was in a hurry to ask for leave to visit his father (Xi min, who was loyal to the Jin Dynasty), Sima Yu said, "tell your father that the matter of the clan country has come to such a stage, because I can't rectify the guard with morality. How can I express my deep shame and sigh with words?" Then he chanted Yu's poem: "the people with lofty ideals are in danger, the loyal officials are in disgrace." Chant to tears, wet clothes. Sima Yu got sick because of this.

At Jiayin in July of the second year of Xian'an (September 7, 372), Sima Yu called Huan Wen to be the Assistant Minister of the court because of his serious illness. He issued four imperial edicts one day and one night, but Huan Wen could not refuse. On September 12, Sima Yu made Sima Yao the crown prince. On his deathbed, Sima Yu wrote an imperial edict to Huan Wenyi, Duke of Zhou, to take photos. He even wrote, "if you can't help a young son, you can help him. If you can't, you can take it yourself." In the face of Huan Wen's ambition, this move almost made the country happy. Wang Tanzhi tore up the imperial edict in front of Sima Yu. Sima Yu said, "the imperial court of Jin Dynasty was only obtained by accident because of good luck. What's your dissatisfaction with this decision?" However, Wang Tanzhi said, "the imperial family of Jin Dynasty was established by Emperor Xuan (SIMA Yi) and emperor yuan (SIMA Rui). How can it be ruled by his majesty?" Sima Yu then ordered Wang Tanzhi to rewrite the imperial edict, writing: "all family and state affairs should be reported to Da Sima, such as the old rule of Zhuge Marquis Wu (Zhuge Liang) and Wang prime minister (Wang Dao)" Huan Wen was disappointed when he saw it. On the same day, Sima Yu died in Dongtang at the age of 53. October 8 (November 19), buried in Gaoping mausoleum, temple name Taizong, posthumous title Jianwen emperor.

Political initiatives

Politics

After Sima Yu ascended the throne, Huan Wen was in charge of the government. In order to eliminate the opposition forces step by step, the first thing to deal with was Sima Xi, Sima Yu's half brother. Soon after Sima Yu ascended the throne, Huan Wen framed Sima Xi for treason and removed him from office. Later, he forced Sima Huang, king of new Cai, to frame himself for treason with Sima Xi, Yin Juan and Yu Qian, in order to destroy the power of the Yin family and the Yu family of Yingchuan in Chen county. Later, Huan Wen instructed Sima Tianzuo, Zhongcheng, the censor, to ask Sima Yu to execute Sima Xi in accordance with the law. Sima Yu refused and ordered further discussion. Huan Wen once again asked to punish Sima Xi. His words were very severe and urgent. Sima Yu personally wrote an imperial edict to Huan Wen, saying, "if the imperial throne of Jin Dynasty lasts for a long time, then you should follow the previous imperial edict; if the general situation of Jin Dynasty is over, then you should let me abdicate and give up my position." Huan Wen was afraid of sweating after seeing it, so he did not dare to force him any more. He just played up the song to abolish Sima Xi and his three sons, and exiled their families. Yin Juan, Yu Qian, Yu Rou and others were exterminated, and the Yin and Yu families never recovered. The power of Huan Wen reached the peak.

On the one hand, Sima Yu dealt with Huan Wen, on the other hand, he continued the previous measures, and led Wang Tanzhi, Xie an and others to fight against Huan Wen

Chinese PinYin : Si Ma Yu