Bao Si

Bao Si

Baosi (CHEN Si in historical records and Xiu Si in biographies of lienu), whose birth and death date is unknown, is a member of Baoguo (now Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province), the second queen of Jigong, king you of Zhou, the biological mother of Prince Ji Bofu, and the stepmother of King Ping of Zhou, Ji Yijiu.

In 779 B.C., king you of Zhou attacked Baoguo, defeated Baoguo, and offered Baosi to surrender. The king of Zhou you was very fond of her after he got the commendation. In 778 BC, Bao Si gave birth to his son Ji Bofu for king you of Zhou. From then on, king you of Zhou favored Baosi even more, and finally deposed queen Shen Hou and Prince Ji Yijiu, and made Baosi queen and Ji Bofu prince.

In 771 BC, Shen Hou, the father of Shen Hou, united with the state of Zhu and the dog army to attack the king of Zhou you. The king of Zhou you and Ji Bofu were killed under the Lishan Mountain, and Baosi was taken away by the dog army. From then on, his whereabouts were unknown, and the Western Zhou Dynasty perished.

Life of the characters

You Wang's favorite

Baosi, whose surname is Si, was born in Baoguo (now the central part of Hanzhong City and the south of Liuba County in Shaanxi Province). According to the ritual system of Bao state, "women call the state and surname". Because Bao Si is a member of Bao state and has the surname Si, it is called Bao Si.

In the third year of king you of Zhou (779 BC), king you of Zhou attacked Baoguo, and Baoguo was defeated, so he gave his beautiful woman Baosi to beg for surrender. The king of Zhou you was very fond of her after he got the commendation.

Queen

In 778 BC, Baosi gave birth to a son named Bofu. After Baosi gave birth to her son Bofu, king you of Zhou favored her even more. In the eighth year of king you of Zhou (774 BC), king you of Zhou deposed queen Shenhou (daughter of Shenhou, king you of Zhou, who originally made her queen, so she was called Shenhou) and Prince Yijiu (born of Shenhou, namely King Ping of Zhou), and appointed Baosi as Queen and Bofu as Prince.

One's whereabouts is a mystery.

In 771 BC, marquis Shen, the father of empress Shen, was annoyed by the deposing of his daughter, empress Shen, and his grandson Yijiu, so he united with the state of Zhu (now Fangcheng, Henan Province) and Xiyi dog army to attack the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty, hojing (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province), defeated the sixth division of the Imperial Guard of the Western Zhou Dynasty, killed the king of Zhou at the foot of Lishan Mountain, and Baosi was abducted by dog army. From then on, his whereabouts were unknown Zhou Dynasty perished.

Main impact

The flames of war

According to historical records, Baosi didn't like to laugh. King you of Zhou tried to make her laugh, but she didn't. King you of Zhou set up a beacon tower and a drum. When the enemy came, he lit the beacon and called for reinforcements. Once, king you of Zhou lit a beacon fire, and all the princes came with their troops. When the princes arrived, they found that there was no enemy. When Bao Si saw that the princes were in a panic, he really laughed. King you of Zhou was very happy, so he lit the beacon fire many times. Later, the princes were no longer trustworthy and gradually refused to answer the call. Later, the Shenguo united with the state of ZA and Xiyi dog army to attack king you of Zhou. King you of Zhou ignited the beacon fire and called the princes to rescue, but the princes did not come to rescue. In the end, he killed king you of Zhou Dynasty and captured Bao Si.

Character controversy

cry wolf

In the outline of national history, Qian Mu questioned the record of "Warlords" in historical records: "this is the talk of villains in the alley. What's so ridiculous about the fact that the princes can't see the beacon coming together, and when they hear that there are no bandits, they will cease their troops and go away? It was the Han people who prepared Xiongnu's ears to raise the beacon and spread the police. In the battle of Lishan Mountain, the king of you raised his troops to seek an application, and there was no need to raise a beacon. "

In 2012, when Tsinghua University in Beijing sorted out the bamboo slips of the Warring States period (Tsinghua bamboo slips), it was found that the description on the bamboo slips deviated from the story of "Warlords". Qinghua bamboo slips record that the king of Zhou you took the initiative to attack the original Shenhou foreign country, and the Marquis of Shen contacted the Rong family to defeat the king of Zhou you, which led to the demise of the Western Zhou Dynasty. There is no story of "Warlords" in Tsinghua bamboo slips. Liu Guozhong, a professor at the center for research and protection of unearthed documents at Tsinghua University, said that historians had questioned the "Warlords" and thought that the records of the historian contained only "novelists' words". To some extent, the contents of Qinghua bamboo slips support this kind of query, thus partially overthrowing the records of historical records.

Historical evaluation

"The book of Songs:" he Zong Zhou, Bao Si destroy it

Sima Qian's records of the Historian: "Zhou Zhixing also took Jiang Yuan and Da Ren as his source, and the birds of you king also played a role in CHEN Si. Therefore, the book of changes is based on heaven and earth, and the poem begins to close the Ju, the book is beautiful, and the spring and Autumn period is not welcome. "

Liu Xiang's biography of lienvzhuan: "the sleeve dragon changes, the sleeve Si is born, the king is promoted, the Empress Dowager is abandoned, the beacon is raised to the soldiers, and the bandits are not laughed at. He applies to the Marquis to attack the Zhou Dynasty, and the sacrifice is destroyed."

Hu Zeng's "Ode to epic · Baocheng" is full of freedom because of his love and love, and Lishan Mountain plays the princes with fire. Only know a smile to pour people country, don't feel Hu dust full of jade building.

Historical records

Guoyu Volume 1 zhouyushang

The fourth volume of zhoubenji in Shiji

Shiji · Volume 4 19 · the 19th family of Waiqi

Biography of Lienv (Volume 7) biography of iniquity

member of family

Husband: Ji miyao, king of Zhou you

Son: Prince Ji Bofu

Anecdotes

Strange girl Bao Si

At the end of the Xia Dynasty, two dragons stopped in front of the court of the Xia emperor and said, "we are the two former kings of Bao state." Xia Di divination, or kill the dragon, or drive away the dragon, or leave the dragon, are not lucky. The Xia emperor divined again and asked for the dragon's saliva to be stored, which was auspicious. So he displayed the jade and silk, and wrote a notice to the dragon with a simple plan. After the Dragon left, he left saliva. The Xia emperor packed the saliva in a box and removed the traces of saliva on the ground. The Xia Dynasty perished, and this box spread to the Shang Dynasty. When the Shang Dynasty perished, this box spread to the Zhou Dynasty. After three dynasties, no one dared to open it. At the end of the reign of King li of Zhou Dynasty, open up and watch. Saliva flows into the palace and cannot be removed. King Zhou Li ordered the woman to shout at him naked, and her saliva turned into a black lizard and ran to King Zhou Li's back palace. There was a maid in the harem. She was just seven or eight years old and met her. At the time of King Xuan of Zhou, the maid became pregnant as an adult, but gave birth to a child without a husband. She was very afraid, so she abandoned the child.

Once there was a little girl singing a ballad: "the arc of Jifu, the actual death of the state of Zhou." At that time, when King Zhou heard the song, there happened to be a couple selling mulberry bow and arrow bags, so King Zhou sent someone to catch them and kill them. On their way to escape, the couple met the strange girl abandoned by the maid by the roadside, crying at night, so they took pity on her and adopted her. So the couple fled to Baoguo. Later, the Baoguo people were guilty, so they asked to offer the strange girl abandoned by the maid to king you of Zhou to atone. This woman is Bao Si. Because she came from Bao state, she is called Bao Si.

Historical site

Lishan beacon tower

Lishan beacon tower is located in Lishan Mountain, Lintong County, Shaanxi Province. It is said that king you of Zhou raised a fire here to play with the princes, and praised Si with a smile, which eventually led to the demise of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

There is a stove at the bottom of the beacon tower. If firewood and wolf dung are ignited here, a beacon fire will be formed at the top of the tower. It is said that burning smoke with wolf dung has the characteristics of solitary smoke rising straight into the sky, and the wind does not blow obliquely. Therefore, beacon towers became an effective border warning device in ancient times when communication was backward. Usually, towers are built on the whole mountain peak. If there is an emergency in Kyoto, as long as one beacon tower burns smoke, other beacon towers will chain fire, and the alarm can be quickly transmitted to the distance.

Artistic image

Literary image

Qu Yuan's songs of Chu Tian Wen

Lu Zhaolin's watching lanterns in fifteen nights

Hu Zeng's Ode to epic · Baocheng

Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty by Feng Menglong

Film and television image

In 1996, Lin Naizhen played Bao Si in the TV series the spring and Autumn Annals of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

Chinese PinYin : Bao Si