republican revolutionary

republican revolutionary

Liu Shipei (1884-november 20, 1919), a Han nationality, was born in Yizheng, Jiangsu Province and a Confucian scholar. Liu guizeng's son, Liu Wenqi's great grandson. His works include eight volumes of Zuo Zhen Ji, twenty volumes of Zuo Zhen Wai Ji, four volumes of Zuo Zhen Shi Lu and one volume of CI Lu.

He has written 74 Monographs on Confucian Classics (mainly primary school and Zuo zhuanxue), history (creating the style of modern Chinese Academic History) and Literature (advocating "Six Dynasties prose" and maintaining the literary integrity of Yangzhou school's parallel prose). This book is collected from the Nanshi edition of Ningwu in 1934. This book is known as the best, but at that time when Japan supported Manchuria, Liu Shipei's writings on Manchuria's non Chinese race in the period of Min Pao were all published, and the early writings published in newspapers and periodicals were also lost.

Life of the characters

Under the guidance of his mother, Li Ruyuan, he began to learn divination in Zhouyi at the age of 8. At the age of 12, he finished reading four books and five classics and began to learn test poems, such as daffodil Fu and one hundred poems of Impatiens. In 1897, he began to study the spring and Autumn Annals of Yanzi.

In 1902, Liu Shipei won the mid-term examination. The next year, he met Zhang Taiyan in Shanghai and changed his name to Guanghan. On his way home, he met Zhang Taiyan and wrote the book of bustling, etc. he participated in the anti Qing propaganda. In the spring of 1904, Liu Shipei took part in the Kaifeng examination. Before he left, he wrote a book called for the establishment of new schools and the encouragement of studying abroad. After returning home, he returned to Yangzhou, founded the normal society and helped the local people in Yangzhou to study abroad. He published on the non treason of overseas students to support the student movement. He also wrote on the chronicle of the Yellow Emperor, which proposed that the chronicle of the Yellow Emperor should replace the chronicle of the feudal emperors. In the autumn of the same year, under the influence of Wang wusheng (Yu Ren), Liu Shipei went to Shanghai to participate in the anti Qing revolution with Zhang Taiyan, Cai Yuanpei, Xie Wuliang, etc., participated in the work of "Russian police news", "alarm bell daily" and "national essence Journal", actively wrote for "China vernacular newspaper", publicized the revolutionary ideas to the public in common language, and wrote "Chinese ethnography". In that year, alarm daily was seized by the Qing government and took refuge in Pinghu, Zhejiang Province.

In 1905, Liu Shipei participated in the "alarm bell daily" and wrote for it. He successively published such works as "preface to the academic history of the weekend", "different academic views between the north and the South", "essays" and so on. He was a pioneer in the study of Chinese history, literature and academic history in the sense of modern discipline. Inspired by Zhang Taiyan, he wrote the book "primary school development", which quoted western sociological theories to reinterpret the phonology of Confucianism in Qing Dynasty. He was wanted for abusing the German publicly. He escaped to Jiaxing under the pseudonym of Jin Shaofu and helped Ao Jiaxiong deal with the affairs of Wentai Office of the alliance.

In the spring of 1906, Liu Shipei went to Wuhu, where he and Chen Duxiu organized the Yuewang Association and Huang's school in Anhui public school to publicize the revolution. At the same time, he published textbooks of Chinese literature, ethics, classics and local history in Jiangsu, Anhui and Jiangning.

In the Spring Festival of 1907, at the invitation of Zhang Taiyan and others, Liu Shipei and his wife went to Japan to get to know Sun Yat Sen, Huang Xing, Tao Chengzhang and other revolutionaries, to participate in the work of the Tokyo headquarters of the alliance, to participate in the Asia peace and kinship association with Zhang Taiyan and others, and to publish the following works successively: to inform the Han people, to mourn the tenant, to distinguish the Manchu people from the subjects of China, and so on.

In June of the same year, under the influence of Japanese anarchism, Liu Shipei and his wife initiated the establishment of "women's rights restoration Association" and "socialist seminar", founded "Tianyi Bao" and "Hengbao", publicized anarchism and socialist theory, advocated the abolition of hierarchical system, realized human rights equality, implemented anarchism, advocated feminism, communism and anarchism, and formed a group He translated the Manifesto of the Communist Party, the bread plunder and the strike of the general League, and set up another banner outside the league.

Because of the huge expenses during his stay in Japan, due to the economic pressure and Zhang Taiyan's intention to study Buddhism in India, he Zhen came forward at the end of 1907 and was bribed by duanfang to write shangduanfang book, offering "ten strategies to eliminate chaos", betraying the revolution and acting as duanfang's spy. So Qimin society was organized, Esperanto workshop was held, and the relationship with Zhang Taiyan was broken. In addition to the strict surveillance by Japanese police, Hengbao was forced to suspend due to financial difficulties, and the whole family returned to China in November 1908.

In 1909, Liu Shipei and his wife acted as spies in Shanghai. Because they betrayed Zhang Gong, their brother-in-law Wang Gongquan was killed by Wang Jinfa. Therefore, Liu Shipei entered the stage publicly to study Jinshi for duanfang, and concurrently served as a teacher of Liangjiang Normal School. He also studied astronomy and calendar with Xu Shaozhen as his teacher. Duanfang was transferred to the governor of Zhili, and Liu Shipei was appointed as the governor of Zhili. In 1911, duanfang went south to Sichuan to suppress the road protection movement, and was arrested by the revolutionary army in Zizhou. After the victory of the 1911 Revolution, Zhang Taiyan issued the declaration of protecting Liu, calling him the seed of Fang Xiaoru's style of reading books. Cai Yuanpei also issued an amnesty letter to Liu, praising him for his knowledge of Yuanyi and his knowledge of the past and the present. So Sun Yat Sen called Zizhou branch to release Liu Shipei. Later, he served as the vice president of Chengdu Guoxue college, and taught Zuozhuan and ShuoWenJieZi in Sichuan Guoxue school. Together with Xie Wuliang, Liao Jiping and Wu Yu, he initiated the establishment of Sichuan Guoxue society. He wrote on the discarded calendar, etc.

In June 1913, he Zhen went north to Shanxi along the river with he Zhen, who went south to find her husband. Later, introduced by Nan Shi, Liu Shipei took refuge with Yan Xishan as a senior consultant. Yan Xishan recommended Yuan Shikai to be the editor and editor of the Ministry of education, the member of the Senate, and the senior doctor.

In August 1915, he and Yang Du initiated the establishment of the preparatory Security Committee, and wrote "on the restoration of monarchy and government" and "the refutation of the Federation" to advocate Yuan Shikai's becoming emperor. After the failure of Hong Xian's monarchy, he was exiled in Tianjin.

In 1917, he was employed by Cai Yuanpei, President of Peking University, as a professor of Liberal Arts in Peking University. He successively offered courses such as "literature of the Six Dynasties" and "literary selections". The handout of "the history of Chinese medieval literature" was handed down to the world. It is the leading work in the study of modern Chinese literary history. In January 1919, he and Huang Kan established the "national heritage monthly magazine" and became the quintessence of Chinese culture, leading the launch of "national heritage journal" in Peking University.

He died of tuberculosis in Beijing on November 20, 1919. He was only 35 years old.

Character contribution

As a master of Confucian classics, Liu Shipei is good at absorbing the research methods and achievements of modern western social sciences into the study of Chinese traditional culture while inheriting the family study of Zuo Shi. He has opened up a new realm of the study of traditional culture with many achievements. He used evolutionism to study the ancient social life, such as on the relationship between primary school and sociology, reading essays, Sinology development, primary school development supplement, etc., which is of pioneering significance; the research results of Zuozhuan include the annotation of the ancient cases of Chunqiu Zuoshi biography, the brief biography of Chunqiu Zuoshi biography, the answers of Chunqiu Zuoshi biography, the textual research on the ancient cases of Chunqiu Zuoshi biography, and the reading notes And so on. He has a high academic status in the study of Zhouli, such as Zhouli Guzhu Jishu, Lijing jiushuo kaolue, Yili Kao, ancient book doubtful examples supplement and paper notes.

When he was in Japan, he was as famous as Zhang Taiyan (with the word Mei Shu), and there was a saying of "Er Shu" at that time. In 1928, Mr. Lu Xun said: "none of the published books (referring to the history of Chinese Literature) I have read is good. Only Liu Shenshu's "history of medieval literature" is good, but there are too many wrong words. " In his famous speech "Wei Jin demeanor and the relationship between articles and medicine and wine", Lu Xun recommended: "it's easier to study the literature at that time now, because someone has done some work Liu Shipei's "history of Chinese medieval literature" is one of his lectures on literature of this era It's very helpful for our research. " At the same time, the statement: "as I said today, if Mr. Liu's book has detailed, I will give a little bit; on the contrary, Mr. Liu's book has detailed, I will give a little bit."

Liu Shipei also had a clear understanding of Tang bin and others' pseudo Daoism in the early Qing Dynasty, which exposed these tricks to the sun: Tang bin and Lu Longqi in the early Qing Dynasty "imitated the Song school" and "enjoyed Zhongni". From then on, they called Neo Confucianism "pseudo school" and prepared to set up a special "study plan"; Wei Xiangshu and Li Guangdi and others "Zhuo Dao" Yan ruoxian, Hu Wei and Mao Qiling "boasted of their erudition" and took refuge in the Qing Dynasty, "they were inferior in their deeds"; Duan Yucai, Hong Liangji and sun Xingyan "were greedy for fame" and "thirsty for profits" when they became officials.

Esperanto

In his early years, Liu Shipei learned Esperanto from takasugi Rongjun in Japan, and promoted Esperanto in Tianyi, Hengbao and other publications. It is said that after returning to Shanghai from Japan in 1908, Esperanto was strongly advocated and Esperanto organization was established.

Character's former residence

Former residence of Liu Shipei,

Built in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Qingxi old house in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, is the former residence of Liu Wenqi, a famous Confucian scholar from Jiaqing to Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty. It is also his great grandson and a famous master of Sinology in modern China

Former residence of Liu Shipei

. Liu's family is a scholarly family handed down from Jiaqing of Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, whose academic influence runs through China and foreign countries. It is located at No.14, the middle section of dongquanmen old street. There is a wooden sign of "old house in Qingxi, Liuzhai" at the gate. It is not open for visitors.

Main works

The essence of the Chinese National Covenant

Notes on the history of Chinese medieval literature

On the chronicle of the Yellow Emperor

On the academic similarities and differences between song and Han Dynasties

History of medieval literature

Characters and deeds

influential man

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Liu Shipei was a man of the hour. He constantly made remarkable performances on the political stage, from a revolutionary, an anarchist to one of the "Six Gentlemen" of the Qing government's staff and the preparatory Security Association. He also made great achievements on the academic stage, and even became as famous as Zhang Taiyan, and was also known as the "second uncle"（

Chinese PinYin : Liu Shi Pei