Lu Feikui

Lu Feikui

Lu Feikui (1886-1941) took the surname of Lu Fei and his first name was Kui. His name was Bohong and his name was shaocang. His youngest name was cangsheng. His pen names were Fei, Mingfei and Bai. Tongxiang, Zhejiang, was born in Hanzhong, Shaanxi. He is a famous educator and publisher in modern China and the founder of Zhonghua Book Company. He is a descendant of Lu Feilong.

Guangxu 30 years (1904), opened a bookstore, 31 years in the autumn took over the "Chu newspaper", as the main writer. Three months later, Ren Changming, manager of Shanghai Branch (bookstore) of the company. Participate in the preparation of Shanghai book industry association. In the 34th year, he entered the commercial press and served as the Minister of the Ministry of culture and culture. Later, he served as the director of the publishing department and editor in chief of the Journal of education.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), he founded Zhonghua Book Company, served as the director and general manager, and presided over the business for 30 years. He has successively published the great Chinese dictionary, Cihai, reprinted the four major books, and integrated ancient and modern books. During the Anti Japanese War, he served as a member of the National Political Council. He has written many books, such as educational archives, talks on youth cultivation, talks on women's issues, and textbooks.

Life of the characters

When it comes to Mr. Lu Feikui, most of the younger generation were at a loss. But when it comes to Zhonghua Book Company, I'm afraid that anyone who has studied for several years and read several books will know this famous big book company. Because the books published by Zhonghua Book Company have nurtured and influenced several generations of Chinese intellectuals, Hong Kong, Taiwan and even Southeast Asian Chinese society. When it comes to Chinese culture, it is necessary to associate with Zhonghua Book Company.

In the past century, Zhonghua Book Company has made great achievements in spreading Chinese culture. However, many scholars do not know that Mr. Lu Feikui was the founder and former head of Zhonghua Book Company.

His great grandfather Lu Feilong edited the Imperial Academy of the Qing Dynasty, and successively served as the Chief School Official and vice president of Sikuquanshu. And according to her generation, she is Ms. Zhang Ailing's cousin (mother Lu is her grandmother's cousin).

Youth ambition

Lu Feikui was born in an era when the Manchu Qing Dynasty was corrupt and the Chinese nation was oppressed by Western powers, and people of insight in China were scrambling to seek ways to save the country.

In 1898, Lu Feikui entered Nanchang English school, where he majored in Japanese. Because he was influenced by new ideas since childhood, he was inclined to revolution.

Revolutionary ambition

In the spring of 1903, Lu Feikui went to Wuchang. In the following year, he opened a new academic bookstore in Hengjie street of Wuchang with a share of 1500 yuan. He served as his own manager and sold revolutionary books such as revolutionary army, warning bell and Meng huitou. In the spring of 1905, he joined the daily notification organization of the revolutionary party, participated in revolutionary activities, served as a member of the Council, and later joined the league.

In the autumn of 1905, Lu Feikui was appointed as the manager of the bookstore in the new academic circles. At the end of the same year, Zhang Hanjie, the main writer, was arrested and Lu Feikui was wanted for criticizing the current political situation and exposing the secret loan agreement between Guangdong and Han railway. Chu newspaper was sealed up by Zhang Zhidong, governor of Huguang. Lu Feikui fled to Shanghai and was employed as the manager of Shanghai Branch (bookstore) of Changming company.

After fleeing to Shanghai, in the winter of 1906, Lu Feikui served as an employee of Shanghai Wenming book company and principal of Wenming primary school. After that, Lu began to show his talent in the publishing industry. First, I worked as manager and assistant manager of Shanghai Bookstore and Wenming book company. In the autumn of 1908 (the first year of Xuantong in Qing Dynasty), Lu Feikui joined the commercial press as the Ministry of culture and culture. In the spring of the next year, he was promoted to the head of publishing department, editor in chief of education magazine and director of handout department. He wrote articles in education magazine continuously to publicize the theory of saving the nation by education, advocating equal emphasis on national education, talent education and vocational education. His ideas are novel and full of new spirit, which has been popular in Shanghai for a while.

In January 1909, Lu Feikui published the article "shortening the length of schooling" in the inaugural issue of the Journal of education. He advocated that students should shorten the length of schooling, reduce class hours and pay attention to practical education. This is the beginning of China's advocacy of a new educational system. At the same time, he also published the article "common characters should be used in general education", which is the first time in history to openly advocate the use of simplified characters.

At the beginning of new year's day in 1912, Zhonghua Book Company was founded in Shanghai. Lu Feikui drafted and published the declaration of Zhonghua Book Company, which was published in Shenbao. He explained the tenet of Zhonghua Book Company: "the foundation of the state is education, education is fundamental, and textbooks are real; if education is not revolutionary, there is no way to consolidate the national foundation; if textbooks are not revolutionary, the purpose of education can not be achieved." Soon after, Lu Feikui published "new China textbook" in accordance with the order of the Ministry of education. This set of books with five colors on the cover, under the banner of "textbook revolution", clearly put forward that "Sun Yat Sen is the greatest man in China today". In January 1912, Lu Feikui published the article "notice to the education director general of the Republic of China" in the Journal of education. He made suggestions on the development of China's education at that time, which was adopted by Cai Yuanpei, Minister of education.

In the autumn of 1918, he organized a spiritual society with others, set up a moral altar, advocated the revitalization of Buddhism, and advocated Buddhism as "spiritual education". Lu was also entrusted by the Ministry of education to promote the Mandarin Movement in Shanghai. Around 1921, he participated in the national language promotion conference, founded a national language specialized school, printed national language textbooks, produced national language audio films, and enthusiastically advocated vernacular.

In 1922, Lu Feikui published his paper "opinions on sorting out Chinese characters", which suggested that simplified Chinese characters, which were popular among the people, should be adopted and other characters with more strokes should be simplified.

First show of ambition

The Journal of education, which he founded and presided over, is the first professional journal of education in China. With the aim of "studying education and improving academic affairs", the journal published many articles on education reform and character reform, which made great contributions to the modernization of China's education. Lu Feikui was also one of the famous educators in modern China. He attached great importance to education. He not only had a whole set of theories and ideas on education reform, but also actively practiced it. He personally compiled all kinds of new textbooks, and from time to time worked as a principal and set up tutorial centers.

The success of the 1911 revolution greatly stimulated Lu Feikui's enthusiasm to display his ambition. On January 1, 1912, the first year of the Republic of China, he founded Zhonghua Book Company in Shanghai as manager.

reform in education

He volunteered to improve our education and made a lot of contributions. The reform of the educational system by the Nanjing provisional government is the result of Mr. Chen's efforts. In recent years, the authorities have adopted the credit system in primary and secondary schools and the independence of teacher education.

After he set up Zhonghua Book Company, he put forward two slogans: "revolution with textbooks" and "completely run by Chinese businessmen". First, we will issue textbooks for primary and secondary schools in China. The style of Chinese textbook is novel and popular for a time. In the early years of the Republic of China, Zhonghua textbook almost monopolized the market, reaching the point that it was put out during the day, sold out before it was too late, and there was no overnight book on the shelf. Lu Feikui's new edition of Zhonghua textbook not only met the needs of educational reform at that time, but also laid the foundation for the future development of Zhonghua Book Company.

In 1915, the publishing house was reorganized into a joint-stock company, with Lu Feikui as the director. During this period, he published Chinese fiction, Chinese real estate, Chinese women, Greater China, and became the second Chinese business publishing house in China.

Publishing Enterprises

As a private publishing enterprise wholly run by Chinese businessmen, in the old China's historical environment and conditions, there are forces from all walks of life restraining and threatening its survival and development. However, under the leadership of Lu Feikui, Zhonghua Book Company got out of trouble several times and developed into one of the two largest private publishing enterprises in China at that time, integrating publishing, printing and distribution.

After the establishment of Nanjing national power in 1927, Lu Feikui actively elected Kong Xiangxi as the director of Zhonghua Book Company.

Before the Anti Japanese War, the capital of Zhonghua Book Company had reached 4 million yuan, with an annual turnover of about 10 million yuan. There were more than 40 branches all over the country. There are more than 3000 workers in Shanghai and Hong Kong alone. The color printing business of the publishing house was the first in China, and the new printing design was known as the first in the Far East at that time.

Under the leadership of Lu Feikui, Zhonghua Book Company has successively published the twenty four histories of Juzhen Fangsong edition, the Great Dictionary of China, the sea of words, and published the four major books and the integration of ancient and modern books. A total of 20000 books have been published, which are very popular in academic and educational circles.

With the growing development of the publishing house, Lu Feikui gained a good reputation and became a giant in the publishing industry. Therefore, he was elected chairman of Shanghai book industry association and member of China Federation of industry. At the beginning of the Anti Japanese War, he was re elected to the first and second term of the National Political Council. In November 1937, the Japanese aggressors attempted to kill famous patriots in Shanghai. Lu Feikui learned that he left Shanghai for Hong Kong. He presided over the Hong Kong Branch of Zhonghua Book Company in Hong Kong for many years, actively printing books for the rear of the Anti Japanese war.

During the hard war of resistance against Japan in 1941, Lu Feikui, who lived in his home in Kowloon, suffered from cerebral hemorrhage and died on July 9. He was the general manager of Hong Kong Zhonghua Book Company. He was 56 years old.

Although Mr. Lu Feikui has been dead for more than half a century, the Zhonghua Book company he founded is not only still there, but also has a new prosperity and development. As a professional publishing house of literature, history and philosophy with the purpose of spreading Chinese culture, there are few readers of literature, history and philosophy who do not like the books published by Zhonghua Book Company. In the eyes of the older generation of intellectuals, Mr. Lu Feikui has always held a high position in the history of modern Chinese culture. He is like a famous mountain. The farther away he is from us, the more unattainable he is.

Anecdotes of characters

Study experience

Lu Feikui was only taught by his mother for five years, by his father for one year and by his teacher for one year when he was a child. At the age of 17, he studied independently. At the age of 17, he was in Nanchang chuangzhengmeng school. At the age of 19, he founded the new academic bookstore in Wuchang

Chinese PinYin : Lu Fei Kui