Li Yu

Li Yu

Emperor Zong of Tang Dynasty

Li Yu

(January 9, 727 - June 10, 779), initial name

Li Chu

, Longxi Didao (now Lintao County, Gansu Province) people. The eighth emperor of the Tang Dynasty (except for Wu Zetian and Tang Shangdi, who reigned from May 18, 762 to June 10, 779) was the eldest son of Li Heng, the emperor suzong of the Tang Dynasty, whose mother was empress Zhang Jing.

Li Yu was a benevolent, filial, warm and respectful man. He was first granted the title of King Guangping as a grandson. During the an Shi rebellion, he went to Lingwu with his father. After suzong became emperor, he was worshipped as the Grand Marshal of the army in the world. As the commander of the Tang army in name, he successively recovered Chang'an and Luoyang, and successively became the king of Chu and Chengwang. In the first year of Qianyuan (758), he was listed as the crown prince. In the first year of Baoying (762), Li Yu was supported as emperor by eunuch Li Fuguo and so on. In the same year, the Anshi rebellion was pacified. In the first year of Guangde (763), the Tubo conquered Chang'an, and Li Yu fled to shaanzhou. Then he used Guo Ziyi, a famous general, to defeat Tubo and pacify the rebellion of pugu Huaien. During his reign, he planned to kill Li Fuguo, Yu chaoen and Prime Minister Yuanzai, exiled eunuch Cheng Yuanzhen, reformed water transportation, salt price and food price, appointed Yang Wan as prime minister, and devoted himself to stabilizing society and developing production.

In 779, Li Yu died in the inner hall of Zichen in Daming Palace. His posthumous title is emperor Xiaowu of Ruiwen, and his temple title is Daizong. He was buried in the mausoleum of Yuan Dynasty.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Li Yu, the eldest son of Li Heng, Emperor suzong of Tang Dynasty, was born in Shangyang palace, the eastern capital of Luoyang, on December 13, the 14th year of Kaiyuan (January 9, 727). His mother was empress dowager Zhang Jing of the Wu family. At the age of 15, he was the king of Guangping Prefecture. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty had more than 100 grandchildren, and Li Yu was his direct grandson.

According to historical records, Li Yu's "universe is vast and deep, wide and can be broken.". Joy and fear are not in appearance. Benevolence, filial piety, gentleness, and courtesy make every move. He was young and eager to learn, especially in Li and Yi, which was loved by Xuanzong.

Recover two capitals

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< sub > An Shi rebellion

After an Lushan Rebellion and the fall of Chang'an, Li Yu followed emperor suzong of the Tang Dynasty to search for soldiers, Lingwu, and served as marshal of the army and horse in the world. After the midsummer of the second year of Zhide (757), suzong stepped up the preparation and deployment for the general attack of an Shi rebels. In August of this year, suzong rewarded the three armies and prepared to recover the capital. In September, Li Yu and deputy marshal Guo Ziyi served as the central army, Li Siye as the former army, and Wang Sili as the later army. The Huihe army, led by Prince Ye Hu, was a mobile team. It crossed 30 miles north of Xiangji Temple (located in the south of Chang'an, Shaanxi Province) to the east of fengshui, and fought with 100000 rebels. The two sides fought from noon to Youshi, and the Tang army won a great victory. As night fell, the rebels fled, retreated to Chang'an and fled overnight. When Tang army got the battle report, Li Yu immediately ordered to enter the city.

At first, suzong was eager to recover the capital, and made an agreement with Huihe: "on the day of conquering the city, the land and the common people returned to the Tang Dynasty, and the gold, silk and children all returned to Huihe." At this time, ye Hu should follow the agreement. "Now that the capital has just been restored, if there is a lot of looting, the people in Tokyo will defend themselves for the rebels and it will be difficult to capture them again. I hope they can fulfill their agreement after they arrive in Tokyo," Li yubai said Ye Hu jumped off his horse in surprise, knelt down, held Li Yu's feet, and said, "I will lead my highness to Tokyo at once." So he and pugu Huaien led the troops of Huihe and the western regions to pass through the south of Chang'an City and encamped on the East Bank of the river. The people, the soldiers and the Hu people all paid homage to Li Yu, crying and saying, "King Guangping really deserves to be the leader of Huayi." Suzong was happy to say: "I am not as good as king Guangping!" When Li Yu's whole army entered Beijing, the people of all ages cheered and wept. Li Yu stayed in Chang'an for three days and led the army eastward to recover Luoyang.

The army of Tang Dynasty and Huihe defeated the rebels. The rebels Yan Zhuang and Zhang Tongru gave up Shanjun and fled. Li Yu and Guo Ziyi entered Shancheng. Pugu Huaien led his troops to pursue them separately. Yan Zhuang first entered Luoyang and reported his defeat to an Qingxu. An Qingxu gave up Luoyang and was defeated. The army of Huihe entered Luoyang to collect money and silk. After three days of plundering in Shijing and cunfang, the Tang side gave ten thousand pieces of Luojin to Huihe, who stopped the plundering.

The successive recovery of the two capitals (Chang'an and Luoyang) greatly enhanced Li Yu's prestige. After returning to Beijing, suzong was granted the title of king of Chu in December of the second year of Zhide (757). In March of the first year of Qianyuan (758), he was renamed king. On May 19, he became the crown prince and changed his name to Yu. On October 5, a ceremony was held to establish his status as heir to the throne.

In the last years of the Shangyuan Dynasty (760-761), the two palaces (Emperor Xuanzong and Emperor suzong) were all ill. Li Yu went to and fro to serve the sick, tasted medicinal food and couldn't take off his clothes.

Get rid of adultery

In April of the first year of Baoying (762), suzong was seriously ill, and empress Zhang had no son. Fearing that Li Yu's achievements were difficult to control, she secretly introduced the Li family, king of Yue, to depose Li Yu. On the 16th, empress Zhang Jiaozhao summoned Li Yu. Eunuchs Li Fuguo and Cheng Yuanzhen knew the Queen's plot, so they sent troops to Lingxiao gate. When Li Yu arrived, they protected him in the forbidden army. That night, the two leaders put Li Xi and empress Zhang under house arrest. Suzong was shocked and died. Later, Cheng Yuanzhen and others welcomed Li Yu to jiuxianmen, met the officials, and supervised the country. On May 18, Li Yu ascended the throne.

After Li Yu succeeded to the throne, Li Fuguo made great contributions to his accession to the throne. He was so arrogant that he said to Li Yu, "Your Majesty only needs to live in the palace, and there are old slaves to deal with the political affairs outside." Although Li Yu was dissatisfied, he was afraid that he had military power, so he had to compromise and call him Shangfu. No matter how big or small, he had to discuss with him before making a decision. Soon after, Li Yu, taking advantage of Li Fuguo's unprepared situation, sent people to assassinate Li Fuguo disguised as a thief, then pretended to order the pursuit of the thief, and sent envoys to comfort his family.

Wipe out the remaining evils

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< sub > the battle of Tang Dynasty to destroy history and Dynasty

On April 25, the first year of Baoying (762), Li Yu, after he ascended the throne, regarded the rebellion of Ping'an history as an important work. In his first imperial edict, Li Shi, his son and Prince of Fengjie, was appointed marshal.

In the process of deployment, he also adjusted the personnel relationship between the upper and lower court, inside and outside the court. In May, the amnesty system issued in danfenglou has revealed this intention. It can be noted that queen Wang, Prince Li Ying, King eyao and King Guangju, who were dethroned as commoners in Xuanzong's time, all restored their titles, and Yongwang Li, who was dethroned as commoners because of his skillful military skills, also gave them a name. Li Yu hopes to sort out the political legacy of the Xuanzong and suzong period through the vindication of the royal family members, so as to seek a way to forge ahead.

In October of the same year, Li Shi, commanding more than 100000 troops in Hedong, Shuofang, zhudaoxingying and Huihe, joined forces in shaanzhou and prepared to fight against Shi Chaoyi, the rebel leader of Anshi and who called himself Emperor Yan. On Renshen day, the Tang army arrived in the northern suburb of Luoyang. On the day of 1898, the Tang army and an Shi rebels launched a decisive battle in Hengshui. The rebels were defeated and 60000 people were captured and killed. Shi Chaoyi fled north. In addition, the army of Wei, Kaizhou, Shunhua and Tang recovered. Xue Song, the governor of Yan Xiangzhou, raised Xiangzhou, and Zhang Zhongzhi, the governor of Hengzhou, raised Zhao, Ding, Shen, Heng and Yi to surrender.

At the beginning of the second year of Baoying (763), Shi Chaoyi had no choice but to go north to Xi and Qidan. On the way, he was chased by Yan Fan Yang Yin Li huaixian, who was plotting to return to Tang Dynasty, and was forced to commit suicide. Li huaixian cut the head of the history dynasty. Since then, the eight year long Anshi rebellion has been put to an end.

Tubo insider

In order to fight against the Anshi rebels, the Tang Court recalled the troops from Anxi and Beiting, which gradually made the Tubo encroach on the north, and took advantage of the void to go deep into the inland, and occupied more than ten states to the west of Fengxiang and the north of Jiazhou. In October of the first year of Guangde (763), Fengtian (now Qianxian County of Shaanxi Province) was occupied again, and the army came to Chang'an, Li Yu fled to Shanzhou for refuge; the officials and people fled to Jingxiang or hid in the valley. After the occupation of Chang'an by Tubo, Li Chenghong, king of Guangwu, was established as emperor. He plundered Fu Ku and Shi Li and burned Lu she.

At the critical moment, Daizong hastily appointed Guo Ziyi as the deputy marshal to fight against Tubo. Guo Ziyi organized troops to fight back, and ordered Chang sun Quanxu to lead 200 horses out of Lantian, Shaanxi Province. During the day, he drummed and raised the flag, and at night, he ignited the fire as a suspicious soldier. Hundreds of people sneaked into Chang'an in disguise and organized people in the city to tell stories everywhere: "Guo linggong (i.e. Ziyi) is leading the army!" The soldiers were terrified and left without fighting, leaving Chang'an. Chang'an, which had fallen for 15 days, was recovered by the Tang army.

In December, Li Yu returned to Chang'an, and Guo Ziyi pleaded guilty. Dai Zong said, "I didn't use Qing as soon as possible, so I got to this point." He was given an iron certificate to draw a portrait of him in Lingyan Pavilion in recognition of his contribution to the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty. Chang Sun Quan Xu and others were also promoted to the rank of nobility. At the same time, Cheng Yuanzhen was relieved and released to the field.

After an Shi rebellion, there were many contradictions in Tang Dynasty. In the first year of Guangde (763), Fugu Huaien rebelled against the Tang Dynasty. In August of the first year of Yongtai (765), Fugu Huaien led a total of 300000 troops from Tubo and Huihe to Lantian from Huayin to Chang'an. Li Yu summoned Guo Ziyi to settle in Jingyang city to the north of Chang'an. Guo Ziyi convinced Huihe that his servant Gu Huaien died in the army. The army of Tang Dynasty and the army of Huihe defeated Tubo in the west of lingwutai, beheaded 50000 people, captured 10000 people alive, recaptured 4000 men and women who were plundered by Tubo, and captured cattle, sheep, camel and horses for 300 Li.

He died of illness

On the second day of may in the 14th year of Dali (779), Li Yu was seriously ill and could not go to court in less than ten days. On May 21 (June 10), Li Yu ordered Prince Li Shi to supervise the state. On the same night, Li Yu died in the inner hall of Zichen, Daming Palace, Chang'an, at the age of 53. In August, the posthumous title of the ministers was Emperor Ruiwen Xiaowu, and the temple name was Daizong (in fact, it means "Shizong", changing "Shi" to "Dai" to avoid the taboo of Emperor Li Shimin). October, burial

Chinese PinYin : Li Yu