Tan Renfeng

Tan Renfeng

Tan Renfeng (from September 20, 1860 to April 24, 1920) was named "Shi Ping" and "Fu Shan". In his later years, he was named "Xue ran" and was called "Tan Hu". Xinhua County, Hunan Province, Han nationality. He was born in Futian village, Xinhua County (now Nanwan village, Yatian Town, longhui County) on the sixth day of the eighth lunar month (September 20, 1860). Tan Renfeng was a bourgeois democratic revolutionist in the late Qing Dynasty, an early member and an important backbone of the alliance, who played an important role in the rebellion against Li Yuanhong. Tan Renfeng joined the Hongmen club as a teenager. In 1904, he set up "Qunzhi" primary school, contacted the party and planned Changsha uprising. In 1906, he went to Japan to participate in the alliance, and then returned to Japan to take the policy of Ying Ping, Liu Li uprising. In vain, he went back to Japan to study law and politics. In 1908, he went to the southern border and planned an armed uprising along the border of Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan. In 1910, a meeting of the branch presidents of the alliance of 11 provinces and autonomous regions was convened in Tokyo, in favor of "organizing the central alliance to seek the Yangtze River revolution". In 1911, he went to the Han Dynasty to promote the cooperation between Chengwen society and Jinjin society, and arrived in Shanghai to initiate the establishment of the central headquarters of the alliance with Song Jiaoren. When the Wuchang Uprising broke out, he assisted the Hubei military government in the Han Dynasty and urged the Hunan army to aid Hubei. He once participated in the formulation of the Provisional Regulations of the military government of the Republic of China, and then commanded the defense war of Wuchang, and served as the defense envoy of Wuchang and the North recruitment envoy. Before and after the establishment of Nanjing Provisional Government, it strongly advocated the Northern Expedition and organized the Northern Expedition organization in Shanghai. After Song Jiaoren was assassinated in 1913, he went back to Hunan to instigate a war against yuan. After his defeat, he went eastward to Japan. In 1916, he returned to China to participate in the movement of protecting the country and the law. He died in Shanghai in 1920. His works include Shi sou Pai Ci, etc.

Personal profile

Tan Renfeng (1860-1920) was a member and an important backbone of the old League. He took part in the uprising many times and lived and died. After the failure of the "second revolution" in 1913, he went into exile in Japan. In order to sum up his historical experience, he wrote such a comment: "nakayamoto, an outstanding figure in China, is reluctant to be conceited, though big but small, though determined, but poor in means. His strategy was always limited to a corner of Guangzhou, but not to the overall situation. Before his recruitment, only Hu Hanmin, Wang Jingwei and Huang Keqiang were regarded as his confidants. After their failure, they were only brothers and brothers, and only Chen Yingshi, Ju juesheng, Tian Ziqin and Liao Zhongkai were not able to recruit talents. They also set up the party as an individual unit, and gave up the Tokyo headquarters at the beginning They focus on the Southern Alliance, and the successors refuse their old friends and invite new ones to make a new start. Are they not all small in size and poor in means? When it comes to guessing the psychology of overseas Chinese, they can only raise money after they know that they will be in trouble. Regardless of their success or failure, they make rash moves and are unable to maintain after failure. This is especially unpopular. Therefore, it is a pity that they raise money more than ten times and spend millions of money without any success. They are in a dilemma. " He was a scholar at the age of 16, but failed in the exam. At the age of 30, he worked as a teacher in the village. He has great prestige in the local government. Whenever there is a dispute in the local government, please ask him to solve it. At the same time of teaching, he began to contact the party and gather friends from the rivers and lakes to set up a mountain and a church in his hometown. He named it "Wolong mountain". He became the leader of the mountain and "embraced a tribalism" to become a hero. In 1895, following the "Taixi teaching method", he founded Futian primary school. He came into contact with new schools, gradually opened his eyes, and became increasingly concerned about the current situation. In the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), before and after the Boxer Movement, he secretly contacted the party and carried out anti Qing activities.

Thirty years later, after learning that Huang Xing and Song Jiaoren had difficulty contacting Ma Fuyi, the leader of the elder brother's Association, on the couch, they stepped up their activities in the party and successively went to Xiangxi and Guangxi, waiting for an opportunity to respond. Later, he heard that Baoqing party had set up an incident and returned to Hunan from Guangxi to help. Baoqing was defeated. In order to avoid being pursued by the government, he left the county in the spring of 1906 and went to Changsha as the supervisor of Xinhua Middle School in Hunan Province. In the winter of the same year, he fled to Tokyo, Japan, and joined the alliance after being introduced by Huang Xing. In December, the uprising of Ping, Liu and Li broke out. He and Zhou Zhenlin, Hong Chunyan, Ning Tiaoyuan and Hu PU were appointed by the alliance and returned to China to plot to respond. He returned to Tokyo at the beginning of the 33rd year to study in law school. In November, the Alliance launched the uprising of zhennanguan (now Friendship Pass). He learned that the uprising army occupied zhennanguan and returned to China. He converted his son Yihong's official expenses into 100 gold and went to fight. In the second year of Xuantong (1910), Song Jiaoren and other officials deliberated and completed the central headquarters of the alliance in the next year. He set up an office in Shanghai and was responsible for party affairs and military liaison. He traveled between Changsha, Wuchang and Jiujiang, preparing to launch an uprising in the Yangtze River Valley, and served as the contact person of Huangxing, the headquarters in Central China. Huang Xing and Zhao Sheng set up an uprising organ coordination department in Hong Kong to prepare for the Guangzhou Uprising. Tan Yingzhao went to attend. When the Guangzhou Uprising broke out, he asked to join the death squads. Because he was old and weak, he was dissuaded by Huang Xing. When the Guangzhou Uprising failed, some revolutionaries were frustrated. However, he cheered up, stepped up activities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, inspired people, and promoted Wuhan "Literature Society" and "Jin Jin Hui" to eliminate prejudices, unite, work together and help each other. ". On October 10, the third year of Xuantong, the Wuchang Uprising broke out. He went to Wuchang from Shanghai to participate in the leadership of the Hubei military government. On the 22nd, the uprising in Changsha was successful. He went to Changsha to urge the Hunan army to aid Hubei. At the oath meeting before the departure of the new army, there was a military song on the spot: "Hunan's children are good at attacking, holding ninety-nine steel knives in their hands; sweep the Central Plains, fix Beijing, kill all the Hu people, and stop". After the fall of Hanyang, he served as the defense envoy of Wuchang and the North recruitment envoy. He vowed "the survival of the city, the death of the city and the death of the city". He went out of Hongshan in the day and returned to Wuchang in the night. He led the army and the people, held fast to the position, fought hard for ten days, and finally kept Wuchang, "and consolidated the foundation of the Republic of China.". Zhang Taiyan praised him: "if you think of what is right and give orders in case of danger, you are the only one who has never forgotten the words of his life." Huang Xing presented the poem to him, saying, "if you can compete for the first place in the Han Dynasty, you can recover the first achievement of China."

In July 1913, Sun Yat Sen and others launched a "second revolution" aimed at fighting against Yuan Shikai, and firmly advocated to contact all provinces to "ask the culprits together, even to the point of benevolence". In September, Yuan Shikai ordered the arrest of Sun Yat Sen, Huang Xing, Tan Renfeng and other nine people, and listed tan as the "first leader" of the "Hunan rebellion". He was once again exiled to Japan, living in seclusion in Fukuoka Prefecture, Kyushu, renamed Lin Quanyi. Here, there is an autobiographical Shi sou Pai, which preserves many precious historical materials of the 1911 Revolution. Although he was far away in a foreign country, he was still concerned about Yuan's grand plan. In the fourth year of the Republic of China, he called Cai E to "go straight to Yanyun to punish the culprit.". He traveled to Nanyang, Singapore and other places to raise funds and organize forces to actively fight against yuan. In June of the Republic of China, he returned to Shanghai to recuperate. In August of 1996, Sun Yat Sen organized a military government to protect the French in Guangdong. He actively contacted the party members and insisted on upholding the treaty law of the Nanjing Provisional Government.

On the sixth day of the third lunar month (April 24, 1920), Sun Yat Sen died in Shanghai at the age of 60. He was buried in Maotian village, Wentian Town, Xinhua County. Xu Shichang, President of the Beijing government, inscribed his portrait of "Qingxia Qiyu", and the national government awarded him the rank of second-class general. His works are collected in the collection of Tan Renfeng.

Life experience

family origin

Tan Renfeng, whose name is Fu, is called Shiping. In his later years, he called himself xueran. In 1860 (the tenth year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty), he was born on the sixth day of the eighth lunar month in shigutangwan old house (now Nantang village, Yatian Town, longhui County).

Tan Renfeng has six brothers. He is the youngest. The family has been farming for generations. His father, Tan Zhongzhai, and his six sons have only a small amount of land to make a living. With the help of his brother, he was able to enter the school and get a scholar. He first married Luo of Maotian, Shuiche, Xinhua, and had four children, namely, the eldest son, Dejia (Yihong), the second son, Dejin (Ershi), the third son, Sanxing, who died early and the fourth daughter, sixun. Later, he married Yangzhou Bian family and gave birth to four children, namely five sons Deyi (Wuwu), six daughters Deshun (Liuwa), seven daughters Deyi (Qie) and eight sons Bajun, who died young.

Scholar Education

Before the age of 36, Tan Renfeng, as an old scholar, founded a Futian primary school in her hometown. She invited Xie jieseng and others to serve as teachers. She devoted herself to Literature and did not investigate current affairs. In 1895, I ran into my fellow countryman Zou Jia and talked about foreign affairs in ancient and modern times. They were all unheard of. They were very enlightening. Because of one change, they joined the anti Qing revolution. In my early years, I heard from the village elders that when Tan Renfeng was teaching in his hometown, he was famous for being abusive. Several local tyrants and evil gentry were almost scolded by him. He is also known among his friends and comrades as a good scolder. However, after a scold, he has no prejudice and is still as good as ever. He has great prestige in the local area. Whenever there is a dispute in the village, he will be asked to solve it. Every morning, he would knock on the door of his nephew's house and call them to get up and go to work early. He often said, "three mornings should be one." His nephews were about the same age as him, and they were all in awe of him and willing to obey his orders.

After 40 years old, between 1903 and 1904, Tan Renfeng set up a primary school in the Wenchang of Xinhua County. She still practiced chalk, but she had a wider contact.

Liaison party

As Zou Yongcheng told me in the past, while running Futian primary school, Tan Renfeng paid attention to contacting the party and gathering some friends from the rivers and lakes to open a mountain hall there, named Wolong mountain. He was the mountain leader himself. Later, a mountain hall was set up in Baoqing Fucheng, where Li Xiehe, Tang jingsan, Li Dongtian and many others joined. According to tan Renfeng's own work, when he was engaged in gang activities, he was "holding tribalism as his own hero" and had not yet realized that he had devoted himself to the anti Qing revolutionary movement which was related to the future of the nation.

During the summer vacation of 1904, a friend came back from Japan and found Tan Renfeng in the county town. He told him secretly that Huang Keqiang and Song Jiaoren would contact Ma Fuyi, the leader of the brotherhood, to make trouble in the provincial capital. From this year

Chinese PinYin : Tan Ren Feng