Omar

Umar ibn al-Khattab

Umar Ibn Khattab (586-644), known as Omar I, was the Arab Caliph (634-644). Mohamed is one of the most important early followers of Muhammad, and is also the most faithful believer of Muhammad. Omar had the iron will, and together with the prophet, he experienced the important tests of "leaving Medina" and "trench battle", and often turned the situation around at the critical moment of the battle. He and the first caliph, Abu Burke, were called "the two prime ministers of the prophet.".

Life of the characters

The prophet guides civilization

When the chronicle of the 7th century just began to turn its first page, a great Islamic prophet, Muhammad, made the Arabian Peninsula, a barren place far away from the center of world civilization, the most dynamic boiling place in the world. While spreading the gospel of Allah to the world, Muhammad led millions of his brave followers out of the barren Arabian Peninsula and conquered most of the world from west to East. He not only changed the spiritual beliefs of one third of the residents in the old world, but also changed the geographical distribution of civilizations in the classical era forever. He became his second successor (Caliph) In the era of Omar Ibn khatab, the rudiment of a powerful Arab Empire appeared in front of the world.

Assistant Prime Minister

Omar I, whose full name is Omar Ibn hatab, was born in the Hashim family of Muhammad's Gulai tribe. He was one of the important figures who followed Muhammad in the early days, and also Muhammad's most loyal partner and comrade in arms. Omar had the will of iron and steel. Together with the prophet, Omar experienced such important tests as "leaving Medina" and "trench battle", and often turned the situation around at the critical moment of the campaign. He and the first caliph, Abu Burke, were one of the "two prime ministers of the prophet".

succession

In 632 ad, after the death of Ali Khari, they became the first followers of the "prophet" and the "aukhelites". Under the cultivation of Abu Burke, Omar also became the number two figure in the upper leadership group of Muslim community organizations, and was elected as the second Caliph after the death of Abu Burke in 634. These two smooth transitions safeguarded the unity of the Arabs, made the Arab Empire Building take shape, and laid the foundation for the next external expansion.

expand

After his accession to the throne, Omar I launched unprecedented military and cultural conquest movements in Arab history. These movements destroyed the Persian Empire and the Byzantine Empire, changed the beliefs of one third of the residents of the old continent, and permanently changed the geographical distribution of civilizations in the middle ages. There are many opinions about the motive of Omar I's launching the great conquest, but there are several points that all researchers agree with: on the surface, the interest groups in the Arabian Peninsula are unified under the banner of the new moon, but in fact, the conflicts among tribes, clans and classes are complex. The Bedouin are fierce and good at fighting, but their nature of aversion to discipline also increases the number of new countries Unstable factors. The best way to solve these contradictions is to launch a foreign war, let the rebellious tribes and clans combine with the interests of the Medina rulers, and consolidate and develop the Arab Military and political alliance in the common enemy. At the same time, the spread of Islam as the banner of foreign war is in line with the Islamic doctrine of making more people convert to Allah. In 635 ad, the Arabian soldiers divided into two groups and launched a comprehensive attack on Byzantine and Persian Empire. Under the leadership of general Khalid, who is known as "the sword of Allah", the eastern army quickly passed through the deserted Syrian desert, wiped out 50000 Byzantine troops on the banks of the yamuk River, and occupied Damascus, the capital of Syria. The victory of the battle of yamuk greatly stimulated the Arabs' desire for expansion. Syria has an important strategic position. From then on, it can enter Persia and control central Asia. Syria itself is also rich and rich. After the occupation of Syria, the Arabs took advantage of the victory and marched eastward. Under the heavy damage of general saird, the decadent sassanpersian Empire quickly collapsed. In 637 ad, during the first World War of cardisia, the Arab army defeated the Persian army, occupied Iraq at one stroke, and then entered the Iranian Plateau and went deep into the Persian hinterland. In 642 ad, the battle of nehavin completely defeated the last Persian army and destroyed the Persian Empire with a history of more than 1200 years (400 years from the Sassanian Dynasty). At the same time, the West Road army led by the famous commander Amur also reported success. In 640 A.D., the Arab army invaded Egypt attached to Byzantium, occupied Alexandria in 641, and occupied Cairo in 642. From then on, Egypt, the "granary of Byzantine Empire", was permanently included in the Caliphate empire.

Strategic talent

In the cold weapon age of Omar, the nomads had a congenital war advantage over the farming people, while the Byzantine and Persian empires, which had been oppressing the Arabs, were just in a protracted battle at that time, and they were exhausted. The Arabs organized by the Islamic faith are as fierce as tigers. Omar is a military genius with great strategic vision. He can always put his troops into a proper area at the right time, so that a large number of outstanding military generals can fully display their talents, such as Khalid, Amur Ben as, saild Ben Abby Wagas and so on, all become the backbone of Empire expansion. At the same time, Omar was an excellent organization and mobilizer. He fully explored the fighting energy of the tribal people, and encouraged the soldiers to go forward bravely and kill the enemy with rich booty. At the same time, Omar gave relatively loose religious and economic policies to the people in the new conquered areas, which made the people in the conquered areas easy to accept Islam and willing to contribute to the establishment of an Islamic Empire under the leadership of Muslims.

be assassinated

In 644 A.D., when Omar's external expansion was in full swing and victory was constantly reported from the front line, Omar was assassinated by a heretic in the early morning of November 13, and died after ineffective treatment. However, the expansion of Islamic foreign military culture initiated by Omar did not stop with the death of Omar. Its development momentum did not come to an end until 750 years later.

Significance and influence

The 10 years of Omar's external expansion were the 10 years when Arabs dominated the world, and also the 10 years when Muslim community organizations developed and gradually moved towards the era of Empire. In Islamic history, the influence of Omar on the process of Arab history and culture is second only to the Prophet Muhammad. As the founder of the Arab Islamic Empire, Omar's contribution and status in human history can be compared with that of Constantine, Qin Shihuang and Asoka.

Chinese PinYin : Ou Mai Er