Liu Bojian

Liu Bojian

Liu Bojian (1895-1935), a native of Pingchang, Sichuan Province, studied in Chengdu Normal University (the predecessor of Sichuan University) in his early years. In 1920, he went to Europe to work and study; in 1921, he and Zhou Enlai initiated the organization of the Chinese Youth Communist Party in Europe; in 1922, he became a member of the Communist Party of China and studied in Oriental University. He was invited to serve as deputy director of the General Political Department of the second group army of the National People's army in Feng Yuxiang's department. Later, he was sent to the Soviet Union to study military and attended the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. After arriving in the Central Soviet Area, he served as director of the Political Department of the Red Army School of workers and peasants in the Soviet Area, participated in the leadership of the Ningdu uprising and served as director of the Political Department of the fifth Red Army Corps, and later as deputy director of the Propaganda Department of the General Political Department of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission The district persisted in the struggle. In March 1935, he led the troops to break through the encirclement. Unfortunately, he was injured and arrested, and died on the 21st.

In 2009, Liu Bojian was rated as a communist among the "double hundred" figures.

Life of the characters

Childhood

Liu Bojian, formerly known as Yongfu, was born in Jiangxi Province in 1895 in Bazhong County, Sichuan Province. Liu Bojian's family is a small business family with a trestle house. He was smart and studious. As a child, he studied in jindouzhai primary school. Later, he borrowed money from his family and went to middle school in Bazhong county. Later, he was admitted to Chuandong Normal University in Wanxian county and Chengdu Normal University (the predecessor of Sichuan University).

Youth

In 1920, he went to Europe, first to Belgium, then to Paris, where he studied while working. At that time, Western Europe was under the impact of the October Revolution. Liu Bojian accepted the Communist thought there. He has read the classic works of Marxism Leninism such as capital, Manifesto of the Communist Party, civil war in France and state and revolution, and carefully studied the experience of Western European workers' movement and Russian October Revolution. At the beginning of 1921, he participated in the labor society organized by Zhao Shiyan and Li Lisan, and led the "February 8th" movement with the struggle for survival and the right to study as the main content with Zhou Enlai, Zhao Shiyan, Cai Hesen and Li Fuchun, etc., as well as the "resistance to the loan from China and France" in June and the "occupation of Lyon University of China and France" in September. In addition, he published articles in the official journal "Youth" (later changed to "red light") to widely publicize Marxism and expose and criticize the essence of various anti Marxist thoughts. Zhao and Zhou joined the Communist Party of China. In 1922, he and Zhou Enlai, Zhao Shiyan and others jointly formed the "Youth Communist Party" (later renamed the Communist Youth League in Europe), and then became a Communist Party member. In the same year, Liu Bojian and Xiong Weigeng introduced Nie Rongzhen to join the Youth Communist Party of China in Europe. In the spring of 1923, Nie Rongzhen joined the Communist Party of China through the introduction of Liu Bojian and Zhao Shiyan. In 1923, Liu Bojian went to Moscow and joined the Oriental laborer University. He was pushed by Chinese students to be the Secretary of the Communist Party branch in Mozambique for three years because of his kindness to people and his mature attitude in dealing with problems. At that time, this branch not only managed the organizational activities of Chinese party members and students, but also was responsible for work distribution and life. It was called "the party Embassy in the Soviet Union" by comrades, and Liu Bojian became "ambassador".

Revolutionary years

In the spring of 1926, due to the failure of the northwest army led by Feng Yuxiang, he went to the Soviet Union to "investigate" and ask for help. Liu Bojian took part in the reception. Feng Yuxiang said that he would learn from the Soviet Army's political work experience, and invited Liu Bojian to return home to serve as vice minister of the Political Department of the National Alliance. After Liu Bojian arrived in the northwest army, he established a good United Front relationship with the upper class, and actively used revolutionary ideas to transform the army which was separated from the warlord camp. In April 1927, he married Wang Shuzhen, a famous talented woman and Communist Party member in Xi'an. In the summer of 1927, Feng Yuxiang was wooed by Chiang Kai Shek and broke up with the Communist Party. Liu Bojian was also sent to Wuhan. Later, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent him to the Soviet Union to study with Liu Bocheng. In 1930, he returned to Shanghai. The next year, he entered the Central Soviet Area of Jiangxi Province and successively served as Secretary General of the Military Commission and director of the Political Department of the Party School of the Red Army. At this time, Chiang Kai Shek transferred the 26th Route Army, the main force of the northwest army, which was defeated and incorporated by him in the Central Plains war, to Jiangxi Province to "suppress the Communist Party", and the central army was in charge of the war. This "two birds with one stone" scheme aroused great indignation among officers and soldiers in Northwest China. The Central Military Commission immediately sent Liu Bojian to take charge of the work of instigating rebellion, which eventually led to 17000 members of the army revolting in Ningdu and forming the fifth Red Army Corps. Liu Bojian later served as the director of the Political Department of the Corps, transforming the army into one of the main forces of the Central Red Army. In October 1934, the main force of the Red Army left Jiangxi for the long march. Liu Bojian was left as the director of the Political Department of Gannan military region. He actively organized the left behind troops, built bridges in many places of Duhe, provided logistics support for the main force, and escorted the main force of the Central Red Army across the long march. After the founding of new China, comrade Ye Jianying once wrote a poem in memory of Liu Bojian's parting at Duhe: "the Red Army's Anti Japanese war is a long march, and the night crossing of Juandu is splashing. Liang Shangbo came to build, and Jing Qing's heroism gradually departed. " Xiang Ying, Secretary of the central sub Bureau, only a few months later accepted Chen Yi's suggestion and ordered him to break through the encirclement and carry out guerrilla warfare. Unfortunately, it was too late.

Arrested and killed

At the beginning of March 1935, Liu Bojian was shot in the left leg and was unfortunately arrested. On March 21, Liu Bojian was killed by the enemy on Jinlian mountain in Dayu County, Jiangxi Province. He died at the age of 40.

Character evaluation

In 1938, Mao Zedong wrote an inscription for Liu Bojian: "Liu Bojian was an outstanding member of the early Communist Party of China, an outstanding general of the Red Army, a proletarian revolutionist, and the first person in our party's and army's political work." Feng Yuxiang commented on Liu Bojian in his book my life, saying: "Liu Bojian is serious in his work, forgets to eat and sleep, and has made special achievements in his work. I admire him very much." On September 10, 2009, Liu Bojian was named "100 heroes and models who have made outstanding contributions to the founding of new China" in the selection activities jointly organized by 11 departments including the Central Propaganda Department and the central organization department.

Character works

In February 1935, the central sub Bureau, the central office and the provincial organs and troops in southern Jiangxi fell into the enemy's heavy difficulties in the Renfeng area and had to break through in five ways. On the morning of March 4, Liu Bojian was arrested for injuring his left leg in the battle. In prison, he wrote poems such as "walking in chains", "moving to prison" and "moonlit night in prison".

Anecdotes and allusions

Northwest Army

In September 1926, after Liu Bojian accepted the task of transforming the northwest army sent by the CPC Central Committee and the Communist International, Liu Bojian accompanied Feng Yuxiang through the wasteland of Outer Mongolia and entered Suiyuan (now in the west of Inner Mongolia). Although there are more than 100000 northwest troops in the area, there is a lot of internal chaos. The soldiers were dressed in rags, hungry and indifferent to the concept of politics. In order to inspire the lax morale of the army, Liu Bojian went to various armies to set up political work organizations and run various training classes, working for more than 18 hours every day. At that time, the CPC Central Committee sent more than 200 cadres, including Liu Zhidan and an Ziwen, to the northwest army. Under Liu Bojian's unified arrangement, they were all assigned to various units to serve as political work cadres. During this period, Liu Bojian's heroic spirit and selfless work spirit made many senior officers admire him. Yang Hucheng, Ji Hongchang, Deng Baoshan, Zhao Bosheng and Dong Zhentang all made friends with him. Although Liu Bojian was "sent out of the country" after only nine months in the northwest army, the Communist Party has accumulated important experience in reforming the old army. For the northwest army, the good influence of the Communist Party lasted for more than 20 years. At a series of important historical junctures, the northwest army successively launched the Ningdu uprising, the chasui Anti Japanese Alliance, and the Xi'an Incident. Until the beginning of the Huaihai Campaign, the last remaining units of the northwest army revolted under the leadership of Zhang Kexia and he Jifeng.

The moment of execution

In order to "show off" the so-called victory, Guangdong warlords deliberately escorted Liu Bojian, who was wounded and shackled, to walk through the most prosperous Qingcai Street (now renamed Jianguo Road) in Dayu county. Liu Bojian's imposing manner has made people on the roadside admire him. When he returned to prison, he wrote two poems, the line of shackles and the long poem of moving to prison, and wrote several emotional letters from home. A moment before his death, he left a letter to his wife, Wang Shuzhen, which said: "I hope you will work hard for the Chinese revolution anyway, do not leave the revolutionary front, and do everything you can to bring up the tigers, leopards and bears."

Commemoration of later generations

monument to revolutionary martyrs

The monument to martyr Liu Bojian, which was completed in 1986, is located on the hillside of fotou mountain, two kilometers away from Pingchang county. Yang Shangkun, former president of the state, personally unveiled the monument. Deng Xiaoping inscribed the name of the monument. The theme of the monument is "the revolutionary flower of the loyal soul in full bloom, and the monument is listed as a key cultural relic at the provincial level, and is now listed as a provincial patriotism education base. The scenic area covers a total area of 22387 square meters, including a construction area of 4000 square meters and a greening area of 17998 square meters. In the Museum of martyr Liu Bojian's life story, there is a white jade statue of Liu Bojian, which is dignified and lifelike. Its powerful look will leave an unforgettable impression. The indoor historical materials and cultural relics systematically show the life experience of martyr Liu Bojian. The monument of martyr Liu Bojian is designed by Chongqing Institute of architecture and engineering, with a height of 23.55 meters. In 1991, it was announced as a provincial cultural relic protection unit by Sichuan Provincial People's government. In 1995, it was named as a provincial patriotism education base by Sichuan provincial Party committee and provincial government.

Former Residence

On January 9, 1895, martyr Liu Bojian was born in Longgang Township, Pingchang county. Longgang

Chinese PinYin : Liu Bo Jian