Lu Haodong

Lu Haodong

Lu Haodong (September 30, 1868 - November 7, 1895), whose real name is Lu Zhonggui and whose name is Xianxiang, is a native of Cuiwei village, Xiangshan County, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province.

Lu Haodong is Sun Yat Sen's hometown and childhood classmate. In 1886, Lu Haodong went to Shanghai to study in telegraph school. After graduating at the age of 23, he worked as a translator in Shanghai telegraph office and head of Wuhu telegraph office, and then returned to Guangdong. In 1893, Lu Haodong, along with Gu lie, Zheng Shiliang, Cheng KuiGuang and Cheng Biguang, attended the meeting held by Sun Yat Sen at the Nanyuan kangfengxuan of Guangzhou Guangya publishing house, and planned to establish the revolutionary organization, Xingzhong conference. In 1895, he helped Sun Yat Sen set up the headquarters of Xingzhong society in Hong Kong, and decided to attack Guangzhou as a revolutionary base by armed uprising. He personally drew the blue sky and white sun flag as the flag of the uprising and was unfortunately arrested to cover the revolutionaries. In prison, he was tortured to extort a confession. He would rather die than surrender. He wrote hard in court, denouncing the Qing government's corruption and surrender and betrayal. "It's very comforting that we can't succeed today, but we can kill one person, and those who follow me can't be killed all the time." He died bravely on November 7, 1895. Sun Yat Sen later praised him as "the first victim of the Republican Revolution in the history of China".

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Lu Haodong (1868-1895), named Zhonggui, was named Haodong. In the Qing Dynasty, he was born in Cuiheng village, Xiangshan County (now Zhongshan City), Guangzhou. His father Lu Xiaofan has always been in business in Shanghai, and his family is well-off. Lu Haodong is the only son. When he was 9 years old, his father died of illness. Lu Haodong's hometown is close to Sun Yat Sen, and the age difference is only two years. They have been close since childhood.

In the autumn of 1883, Sun Yat Sen returned home from Honolulu. Lu Haodong received a lot of scientific and cultural knowledge and bourgeois democratic ideas from Sun Yat Sen. Lu Haodong admired Sun Yat Sen's propaganda of political reform in the countryside and his criticism of the Qing government's political corruption and bad social customs. One day, in order to get rid of superstition, they smashed some statues of gods in the North Pole Hall of the village temple, persuading people not to rely on gods. As a result, they were not allowed by the gentry and landlords. Sun Yat Sen was forced to go to Hong Kong. Lu Hao went to Shanghai to study in the telegraph school. After graduation, he was sent to Wuhu telegraph office as a translator and later promoted to a foreman.

In the 16th year of Guangxu, Lu Haodong returned from Shanghai to Guangdong and married Li Xiaoqing. At that time, in the name of practicing medicine in Hong Kong and Guangzhou, Sun Yat Sen often expressed his ambition to save the country with Chen Shaobai, you lie, Yang Heling and others, and planned to carry out revolutionary struggle. Lu Haodong also participated in their activities. In the winter of the 19th year of Guangxu, Dr. Sun Yat Sen convened a meeting of Lu Haodong, you lie, Zheng Shiliang, Cheng KuiGuang and Wei Youqin at kangfengxuan, Nanyuan, Guangya publishing house, Guangzhou. He planned to set up a revolutionary organization, xingzhonghui, and decided to take "expelling Tartars and restoring China" as the purpose, but no specific organization was formed.

In the 20th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, Lu Haodong accompanied Sun Yat Sen to Tianjin via Shanghai. He wrote to Li Hongzhang, governor of Zhili and Minister of Beiyang, demanding to learn from the West and reform the political, economic and educational systems in order to make the country rich and strong. After running for many places, Li Hongzhang didn't meet him and his letter was ignored. They went from Tianjin to Beijing immediately. At this time, when Japan invaded Korea and the Sino Japanese war was imminent, the Qing government was eager to prepare for Empress Dowager Cixi's 60th birthday. Deeply shocked, they gave up the illusion of relying on the Qing government for improvement and strengthened their determination to overthrow the Qing Dynasty and create a Democratic Republic.

Sun Yat Sen went to Honolulu after he failed to submit a letter. Lu Haodong stayed in China and engaged in revolutionary liaison work. He made use of the opportunity of travelling between Shanghai, Hankou and Guangzhou to investigate the situation in various places, advocate revolution and recruit people with lofty ideals. He extracted his father's legacy as funds for activities, and also actively supported Sun Yat Sen's overseas activities.

In January 1895, when Lu Haodong received the news of Sun Yat Sen's return, he immediately went to Hong Kong with other revolutionaries to meet with Sun Yat Sen and discuss the grand plan. On February 21, he joined the headquarters of the Hong Kong Xingzhong society organized by Sun Yat Sen and became Sun Yat Sen's loyal comrade in arms and right-hand assistant. In March, the Qing government was defeated in the Sino Japanese War and the people were angry. The headquarters of xingzhonghui decided to use this favorable opportunity to launch an armed uprising and attack Guangzhou as a revolutionary base. Lu Haodong pointed out at the cadre meeting held at the headquarters of the Xingzhong meeting that the uprising is imperative and can no longer be shaken. The meeting decided on the strategy of "separate roads to attack the city". It agreed on a time when the local militia associations and parties would be called to gather in Guangzhou on Shunde, Xiangshan and Beijiang roads, and at the same time, they would raise a case. Lu Haodong also put forward at the meeting: in order to unite comrades and call on the world to rise and respond, we must play the banner of the revolutionaries themselves to break with the Qing Dynasty. This proposal was warmly supported by Sun Yat Sen and other revolutionaries. Lu Haodong was commissioned by Sun Yat Sen to design the revolutionary flag pattern. He thought all night and finally designed the blue sky and white sun flag (later the Kuomintang flag). The flag became a symbol of the uprising in Guangzhou.

Lu Haodong and Zheng Shiliang accompanied Sun Yat Sen to Guangzhou. They set up the general revolutionary organ in the wangjiaci temple at the bottom of shuangmendi, under the cover of the "agricultural society" and presided over by Lu Haodong, and actively carried out the preparations for the uprising. After more than half a year's preparation, he contacted the regiment defense in Sanyuanli, the Hui party in Beijiang, Xijiang, Shantou, Xiangshan and Shunde, as well as some officers and soldiers of the defense battalion and Navy inside and outside the city. All the arrangements were ready. Sun Yat Sen decided to hold an uprising on the occasion of people's indignation at the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki. The date was October 26 (the ninth day of September in the old calendar) to facilitate the uprising On the Double Ninth Festival, people from four townships went to the provincial capital to worship their ancestors and sweep their graves. The general revolutionary organ decided that Lu Haodong, Zheng Shiliang and Chen Shaobai would assist Sun Yat Sen to command and dispatch in Guangzhou, while Yang quyun would gather the party in Hong Kong to attack the important government offices in Guangzhou in the early morning of the uprising day, and other routes would respond separately. In the early morning of the uprising, all the leaders went to the general office to get orders and slogans, but the Hong Kong team, the main force, did not arrive. After waiting for two hours, they were informed by the Hong Kong cable, which had to be postponed for two days. The uprising plan was completely disrupted.

By the time of the uprising, things suddenly changed. More than 600 pistols were seized by the customs due to careless delivery of firearms. Tan Zhonglin, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, received reports from spies and informs from the traitors of the Xingzhong society. He dispatched more than 1000 troops to the city to take precautions, and sent a large number of soldiers and police to search for the revolutionaries. When Lu Haodong learned the news, he immediately arranged for his comrades to move, and he and Sun Yat Sen to avoid other places. After he left the office, he suddenly remembered whether the list of Party members had been taken away by the economic management comrades, and then decided to go back alone to inspect and deal with it. The surrounding comrades tried their best to dissuade them with the danger of the situation, but he said: "the most important thing is the list of Party members. If they are searched and the Qing officials are connected according to the list, how can there be more than one category in our party. I personally risk my life to save the majority of my comrades. It's my duty. " At the end of his speech, he decided to go. When they arrived at the organ, spies followed them, and a large number of soldiers and police immediately surrounded the organ tightly. Lu Haodong quickly closed the door, took out the list of Party members and burned it. When the police broke in, the list had become ashes, and Lu Haodong was arrested.

Lu Haodong was arrested and sent to Nanhai County for trial. He looked down on Li Zhengyong, the magistrate of Nanhai, who was sitting in the hall. Li ordered him to kneel down and confess, but he was refused. Lu Haodong asked for a pen and paper, without thinking, wrote a quick book, painfully described the serious national crisis, denounced the corruption and autocracy of the Qing government, and made no secret of his strong determination to overthrow the rule of the Qing government. He generously said: "I'm very relieved that this matter can't be accomplished. But one can kill me, and those who follow me can't kill me My words are exhausted. Please execute the sentence as soon as possible The officials of Qing Dynasty were so angry that they tortured him. In the face of the enemy's axe, axe, stile and staff, Lu Haodong was unyielding and heroic. His hands and feet were nailed with bamboo nails, his teeth were chiseled off one by one, and his whole body was beaten to blood and flesh. He died many times and revived. He never revealed the name of a comrade, and severely denounced the Qing officials: "although you punished me severely, my flesh hurts but my heart doesn't hurt. What can I do?" Lu Haodong was jailed for 10 days and interrogated for more than three times, but he did not give in. Later, hearing that the revolutionaries were preparing to gather to break the prison, Li Zhengyong panicked and immediately reported to tan Zhonglin for approval. On November 7, Lu Haodong, together with Zhu Guiquan and Qiu Si, was bound to the execution ground and died bravely without fear under the enemy's butcher's knife.

Life of the characters

Young wise

Lu Haodong was born on September 30, 1868 in Xiangshan, Guangdong Province. His father, Lu Xiaofan, has been doing business in Shanghai for a long time. Lu Haodong is the only son. He and Sun Yat Sen have been together since childhood, and they can be called the best friends. He entered a private school when he was 8 years old. At the age of nine, his father died of illness. Since childhood, he has been "smart, studious, sincere" and deeply disgusted with the secular world. Soon after, her mother took Haodong back to Cuiheng village to study in a private school. Lu Haodong is an only child. He is very intelligent and good at painting. He was once criticized by his teacher for not paying attention to his studies because he painted the portraits in the romance of the Three Kingdoms and circulated them among his classmates. "Isn't painting a kind of learning?" he asked The teacher has nothing to say.

Follow Sun Wen

Lu Haodong is Sun Yat Sen's hometown and childhood classmate. The two families are not far apart. They are similar in age and temperament. They both like to show resistance to the secular world and become close friends from childhood.

In the autumn of 1883, Sun Yat Sen returned home from Honolulu. Lu Haodong received a lot of scientific and cultural knowledge and bourgeois democratic ideas from Sun Yat Sen. Lu Haodong admired Sun Yat Sen's propaganda of political reform in the countryside and his criticism of the Qing government's political corruption and bad social customs. One day, in order to get rid of superstition, they smashed some statues in the North Pole Hall of the village temple to persuade people

Chinese PinYin : Lu Hao Dong