Su Zhaozheng

Su Zhaozheng

Su Zhaozheng (1885-1929), formerly known as Su Ji, was a native of Qi'ao village, Qi'ao Island, Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province. He is a pioneer and famous leader of the Chinese workers' movement, the main founder and leader of the all China Federation of trade unions, an activist of the International Workers' movement, and one of the early important leaders of the Communist Party of China.

In 1908, he joined the alliance led by Dr. Sun Yat Sen and actively participated in the revolutionary activities to overthrow the Qing government. In 1921, he and Lin Weimin established the Chinese Seamen's Industry Federation in Hong Kong. He joined the Communist Party of China in the spring of 1925. He participated in leading the general strike of seafarers in Hong Kong and the general strike of provinces and Hong Kong that shocked China and foreign countries. Since then, Su Zhaozheng has successively served as chairman of the all China Federation of trade unions, alternate member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, standing member of the provisional Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, and standing member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. In 1927, he was elected chairman of the Soviet government in Guangzhou. He was elected executive member in 1928. He died in Shanghai in February 1929.

In 2009, Su Zhaozheng was rated as "100 heroes and models who made outstanding contributions to the founding of new China" by 11 departments including the Central Propaganda Department and the central organization department.

Life of the characters

Early life

Su Zhaozheng, formerly known as Suji. A native of Qi'ao village in Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province (now in Zhuhai City), who had been in a private school for three years when he was a child, dropped out of school to work in agriculture. In 1903, he was forced to leave his hometown for Hong Kong for more than 20 years and worked as a seaman on a foreign ocean going ship.

Revolutionary years

In 1908, he joined the alliance, and Su Zhaozheng actively participated in the activities against the rule of the Qing Dynasty.

In March 1921, Su Zhaozheng and Lin Weimin established the Chinese Seamen's Union Federation.

In January 1922, Su Zhaozheng took part in leading the Hong Kong Seamen's strike. He served as director of the general affairs department of the general strike office and acting president of the Seamen's Union.

In the spring of 1925, Su Zhaozheng joined the Communist Party of China. In May of the same year, Su Zhaozheng was elected member of the Executive Committee of the all China Federation of trade unions at the second National Labor Conference. After the May 30th massacre, Su Zhaozheng, Deng Zhongxia, Li qihan and others led the Hong Kong and Guangzhou Shamian workers to hold a general strike in order to support the Shanghai People's struggle against imperialism. He was elected chairman of the strike committee and led the workers to persist in the strike struggle for 16 months.

In the spring of 1927, Su Zhaozheng arrived in Wuhan and represented the Communist Party of China in the Wuhan National Government as a member of the national government and Minister of labor. In April of the same year, Su Zhaozheng attended the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China in Wuhan and was elected member of the CPC Central Committee and alternate member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. In May of the same year, rozov ski, general secretary of red Employees International, held the first Pacific Labor Conference in Wuhan with the participation of labor representatives from the Soviet Union, the United States, China, Britain and Japan, and established the Secretariat of the Pacific Labor Conference. Su Zhaozheng attended the meeting and was elected chairman of the Secretariat of the Pacific Labor Conference. In June of the same year, Su Zhaozheng presided over the Fourth National Labor Conference and continued to be elected chairman of the Executive Committee of the all China Federation of trade unions. In July of the same year, on the eve of Wang Jingwei's mutiny revolution, according to the instructions of the CPC Central Committee, Su Zhaozheng and Tan Pingshan, Minister of agriculture, jointly issued a statement, denouncing Wang Jingwei group's betrayal of Sun Yat Sen's three major policies of "uniting Russia, uniting the Communist party and supporting farmers and workers", and withdrawing from Wuhan National Government. In August of the same year, Su Zhaozheng attended the "August 7" emergency meeting of the CPC Central Committee and was elected a member of the Political Bureau and a standing committee member of the Provisional Central Committee. After the meeting, Su Zhaozheng went to Shanghai to participate in the leadership work of the CPC Central Committee and was responsible for the work of the central financial group and the all China Federation of trade unions. Su Zhaozheng worked out the general plan and instructions for the uprising in Guangzhou with Zhang Tailei in Shanghai. In December of the same year, during the uprising in Guangzhou, Su Zhaozheng was elected chairman of the democratic government of workers and peasants in Guangzhou, although he was not in Guangzhou.

In February 1928, Su Zhaozheng presided over the enlarged meeting of the Executive Committee of the all China Federation of trade unions in Shanghai to discuss the expansion and organization of the red trade unions, and was elected as the representative of the all China Federation of trade unions to attend the Fourth Congress of the red Workers International Congress. In April, he went to Moscow to attend the meeting and was elected as a member of the presidium of the Congress and a member of the Executive Committee of the red Workers International Congress. In June of the same year, Su Zhaozheng attended the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China in Moscow. He was elected a member of the CPC Central Committee and continued to serve as the international representative of the all China Federation of trade unions in red. In August, Su Zhaozheng attended the Sixth Congress of the Communist International and was elected a member of the presidium of the Congress and a member of the Executive Committee of the Communist International. Su Zhaozheng also attended the Eighth Congress of the all China Federation of trade unions of the Soviet Union and made a report on the movement of Chinese workers. In addition, Su Zhaozheng was also elected vice chairman of the International Committee of rural trade unions.

He died of illness

Su Zhaozheng fell ill in the Soviet Union. In January 1929, Su Zhaozheng returned home sick. In February, Su Zhaozheng died of bacterial infection during the operation in Shanghai.

Character achievement

Su Zhaozheng and Zheng Lin Weimin led the Hong Kong Seamen's general strike, which became a new starting point of the first strike climax after the founding of the Communist Party of China, and also promoted the development of the mass movement in Guangzhou.

Su Zhaozheng and Yang Yin organized and launched a general strike in the province and Hong Kong. The strike dealt a heavy blow to British imperialism economically and politically, and showed the great strength and fighting spirit of the Chinese working class.

Su Zhaozheng worked out the general plan and instructions for the Guangzhou Uprising with Zhang Tailei and others in Shanghai. Although Su Zhaozheng did not personally direct the Guangzhou Uprising, in fact, Su Zhaozheng was one of the main directors of the Guangzhou commune and one of the founders of the first Soviet in the East.

Anecdotes and allusions

Labor movement leader

At the age of 18, Su Zhaozheng, a native of Zhuhai, went to Hong Kong to do hard work on a seagoing ship. After that, he spent most of his life as a sailor. His many years as a sailor made him travel all over the world, hearing and witnessing the labor movement in various countries, and even contacting with Marxist thoughts, which greatly broadened his horizons.

At that time, Chinese seafarers were a very low paid and discriminated profession. The monthly salary is only about 20 yuan, which is only one fifth or less of that of foreign seafarers. The small income is also exploited by foremen. Single people still can't make a living, while the family members are even more miserable. Su Zhaozheng realized that uniting the workers is the way out.

At that time, there were more than 100 trade unions in Hong Kong, but many of them were controlled by "craftsmen" or underworld leaders. At first, Su Zhaozheng's propaganda of the labor movement was not only ignored by the workers who had not yet realized it, but also excluded by the leaders of the trade union. However, he was not disheartened. He was always enthusiastic about helping the lower class workers to get rid of their worries and difficulties, and his reputation was growing day by day.

In 1921, with the efforts of Su Zhaozheng and Lin Weimin, the Chinese Seamen's Union was finally established. After the establishment of the Seamen's Union, it proposed to the shipping companies to improve their living conditions. Three times in a row, the management refused. After the ultimatum, the Seamen's Union went on strike on all ships arriving in Hong Kong within 24 hours. This was the famous Hong Kong Seamen's strike in the spring of 1922. During the strike, Su Zhaozheng led the workers to refuse all kinds of coercion and temptation from the capitalists and the Hong Kong British government, and finally forced them to agree to the workers' conditions. The strike won the final victory. Su's wit and fortitude are further supported by the workers.

Su Zhaozheng was very good at dealing with other trade union leaders. Through his successful leadership of all previous labor movements, he gained more and more prestige and gradually became the central figure of workers in Guangdong and Hong Kong. This was a good preparation for the 20 month long strike in Hong Kong, which shocked the world.

Elected by default

In his life, Su Zhaozheng held two important positions: Chairman of the provincial and Hong Kong general strike committee and chairman of the Soviet government. Both of them were elected by default, which shows his reputation in the workers and the revolutionary ranks.

During the strike, Su Zhaozheng was elected chairman of the strike committee. The chairman is hardworking and diligent. During the first two or three months of the strike, he has no spare time from six in the morning to twelve in the middle of the night. However, the party and the league can hold meetings only after twelve, often until two or three or even dawn. Su Zhaozheng does everything by himself. Often people are scattered, and he is still working under the light. At the same time, contact with the government, contact with various social organizations, participate in mass meetings and various meetings This chairman has won the trust of workers all over the country.

The first Soviet in the East was realized in Guangzhou on December 11, 1927. Su Zhaozheng was the chairman of the Soviet government.

Character evaluation

On February 26, 1929, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee issued No. 32 notice to the whole party to mourn the unfortunate death of Su Zhaozheng. "In his work, comrade Su Zhaozheng has fully demonstrated the hard working spirit and resolute political consciousness of the proletariat. His revolutionary spirit is a model of the whole party," the circular pointed out

In Deng Zhongxia's biography of Comrade Su Zhaozheng written in 1929, Su Zhaozheng is the leader of the working people in Hong Kong and Guangdong, the leader of the whole Chinese working class, one of the leaders of the Pacific coast workers' movement, one of the best leaders of the Communist Party of China, and one of the leaders of the red workers' international and the Communist International.

In 2009, Su Zhaozheng was rated as "100 heroes and models who made outstanding contributions to the founding of new China" by 11 departments including the Central Propaganda Department and the central organization department.

Commemoration of later generations

Former Residence

Su Zhaozheng's former residence exhibition hall is located in Qi'ao village, Tangjiawan Town, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province. It consists of former residence and exhibition hall. His former residence was built by Su Zhaozheng's grandfather. On November 11, 1885, Su Zhaozheng was born here and spent his youth. The former residence is a bungalow of civil structure, with three rooms in one

Chinese PinYin : Su Zhao Zheng