Wang Zhaojun

Wang Zhaojun

Wang Zhaojun (about 54-19 B.C.), who was born in Zigui (now Xingshan County, Yichang City, Hubei Province), is one of the four beauties in ancient China. In the idioms, the story of her life is recorded.

Jin Dynasty, to avoid Sima Zhao taboo, also known as Princess Ming, Wang Mingjun.

Life of the characters

Enter the palace and wait for the Emperor

Wang Zhaojun was born in 54 BC in Zigui County of Nanjun county. Wang Xiang's daughter. (now Zhaojun village, Xingshan County, Hubei Province), Wang Xiang's father is a daughter, and he is regarded as the apple of his eye. His brother and sister-in-law also love him. Wang Zhaojun was born beautiful and intelligent. He was good at music, chess, calligraphy and painting. "Emei is unique and can make flowers shy in the forest.". Zhaojun's peerless talent and appearance spread to Nanjun and the capital along the Xiangxi River. Emperor yuan of the Han Dynasty made it clear that the world was full of talent. Wang Zhaojun is the first choice of Nanjun.

In the first year of Jianzhao (38bc), she was elected to yeting as a folk woman and became a palace maid.

According to folklore and records, after Wang Zhaojun entered the palace, because he refused to bribe the court painter Mao Yanshou, Mao Yanshou did not paint Wang Zhaojun very beautiful, so he was not selected into the harem of emperor yuan of Han Dynasty. Zhaojun has been in the palace for many years, but his heart is filled with sorrow and resentment when he is not blessed by the emperor.

Out of the way

In the first month of the first year of Jingning (33bc), Hu Hanxie, the leader of the South Xiongnu, a vassal state of the Han Dynasty, came to Chang'an to make a pilgrimage to the emperor. He did his best to serve as a vassal, and invited himself to be his son-in-law. Emperor yuan then gave his maid Zhaojun to Hu Hanxie Shanyu, and changed her name to Jingning. Shan Yu wrote that he was willing to go to the border forever.

After Wang Zhaojun arrived in Xiongnu, he was known as the family of Ninghu. After living together for three years, Zhaojun and Huhanxie Shanyu gave birth to a son named Yitu Zhiya, who was granted the title of king of right Japan.

career

In the second year of Jianshi (the first 31 years), Huhanxie Chanyu died, and Wang Zhaojun wrote to the Han court to ask for his return. Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty issued an edict to "follow Hu custom". According to the nomadic marriage system, they remarried Huhanxie Chanyu, the eldest son and the second daughter. They lived together for 11 years and had two daughters. The eldest daughter's name should be the second, and the second daughter's name should be the second.

In the first year of Hongjia (the first 20 years), Fu Zhu Lei Shan Yu died, and Mi Xu succeeded him as sou Xie Ruo Dan Yu. Less than two years later, Wang Zhaojun died of illness.

In 265 ad, Sima Yan called himself Emperor, established the Western Jin Dynasty, and pursued Sima Zhao as Emperor Wen. In order to avoid Sima Zhao's taboo, Wang Zhaojun was renamed as Wang Mingjun, and was historically known as Princess Ming.

Things behind me

In the second year of A.D., Wang Mang ruled the country. In order to please the empress dowager, he gave a generous reward to Wu Zhu and asked him to send Wang Zhaojun's eldest daughter Xu Buju back to the Central Plains to serve the Empress Dowager.

Story evolution

From the Western Han Dynasty to the early Yuan Dynasty, the story of Zhaojun's leaving the fortress experienced a process of evolution. It was first seen in the book of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Yuan Ji and the biography of Xiongnu. The general plot is as follows: in the first year of Jingning (33bc) of the Western Han Dynasty, the Yuan emperor gave huhanye Danyu the surname of Kan to the palace Man Wang GA; Zhaojun entered the Xiongnu and gave birth to two sons; huhanye died, and was restored to the surname of Shan Yu from the edict of emperor Cheng. During the reign of emperor yuan, the Han Dynasty was strong, the Huns were weak, and Zhaojun went out of the fortress, which was the concrete manifestation of the policy of national harmony.

In the official history, the period of emperor yuan of Han Dynasty was the prosperous period of the Western Han Dynasty, and the Huns had already lost their vitality after repeated attacks by the Han Dynasty, which was the reason why the Han Dynasty was strong and the Huns were weak. In fact, huhanyechanyu, a southern Hun, had already surrendered to the Han Dynasty and became a vassal state of the Han Dynasty during the period of emperor Xuandi of the Han Dynasty, and huhanyechanyu had made three pilgrimages to Chang'an to "fulfill the rites of vassal". It was also the third time that he paid tribute to the capital. Emperor yuan selected the maids to reward him. Zhizhi Shanyu, the northern Hun, was also killed by Chen Tang and Gan Yanshou, the expeditionary army of the Han Dynasty not long ago. Therefore, there was no such situation as "the Han Dynasty was humiliated to seek peace", nor did Wang Zhaojun voluntarily ask for a statement. In addition, Emperor Han Yuan did not name Wang Zhaojun as "Mingfei", which was called "Mingjun" or "Mingfei" instead of being taboo by Sima Zhao in Jin Dynasty.

Since the Han Dynasty, the story of Zhaojun has often been mentioned in the note novels and literati poems. Among them, when Ge Hong of Jin dynasty recorded the story of Zhaojun in his miscellaneous records of Xijing, many painters, such as Mao Yanshou, Chen Chang and Liu Bai, abandoned the market on the same day for taking bribes and cheating. However, later than Xijing Zaji, Houhanshu didn't adopt this legend, while later sketches and literati poems not only adopted this legend, but also focused on Mao Yanshou, a painter who accepted bribes and cheated. Wang Zhaojun Bianwen in Dunhuang of Tang Dynasty is an important development of Zhaojun story in the process of folk spread. Wang Zhaojun Bianwen, contrary to the official history records, depicts the situation of national contradictions in the period of Emperor Han and Yuan as the strong Huns and the weak Han Dynasty, and regards Zhaojun's going out of the fortress as the expression of the court's humiliation and seeking peace. Among them, it narrates the painter's painting, Shan Yu's searching according to the picture, and the plot of Zhaojun's homesickness after he arrived in Xiongnu, which made him feel so worried that he couldn't solve it until he died of illness.

Most of the poems and dramas of later generations are based on Wang Zhaojun Bianwen, which is adapted from the literary works of the past dynasties, such as Han Gong Qiu by Ma Zhiyuan in Yuan Dynasty. Influenced by these works, posterity has formed a stereotype of Wang Zhaojun and Zhaojun's going out of the fortress. They regard Zhaojun's going out of the fortress as humiliation and marriage. In fact, this is not the case in official history.

legend

It is said that more than 2000 years ago, a farmer named Wang Zhong lived in Baoping village, Zigui County, Xiling Gorge of the Yangtze River. Because he had no children, he went to the nearby Quyuan temple to offer incense and make a wish for a descendant who was as loyal to the country and loved the people as Qu Yuan. It turned out to be very effective. On the night of August 15, his wife dreamed that a bright moon was in her arms, and soon she gave birth to a girl more beautiful than a fairy. This is Wang Zhaojun. Zhaojun was smart, diligent and kind-hearted, especially fond of moon watching and singing.

Later, emperor yuan of Han Dynasty chose the beautiful women in the world to be his concubine, and Zhaojun was chosen. After Wang Zhaojun arrived in Chang'an, the capital city, he first went to the painter Mao Yanshou to draw pictures, just like other selected girls. In order to get the emperor's favor, some beauties bribed Mao painters, and the painters made them beautiful. Wang Zhaojun didn't believe in this evil, so he didn't give the master gold and silver. The master intentionally put a little under Wang Zhaojun's eyes. As a result, Wang Zhaojun didn't get into the eye of emperor yuan of Han Dynasty and was lonely in the back palace.

A few years later, Hu Hanxie Chanyu, the leader of the southern Xiongnu who surrendered to the Han Dynasty, went to Beijing to pay tribute, and asked to be the son-in-law of the Han Dynasty. Before leaving, emperor yuan of Han Dynasty summoned Zhaojun. He was shocked when he met him. How could I not find such a beautiful beauty! A conversation, more aware of Zhaojun intelligence, no one can reach the whole harem. And it's hard for the emperor to break his promise.

After seeing off Zhaojun, emperor yuan immediately looked through the beauty album and finally found it in a humble place. A close look, the original Zhaojun now more than a flaw, covered up Zhaojun's beauty. The emperor was so angry that he ordered Mao Yanshou, the painter, to be killed.

Zhaojun followed Hu Hanye to the northern part of the great wall and held a grand wedding in Xiongnu. They had deep feelings, but soon there was a serious natural disaster at the foot of Yinshan Mountain and the north and south of the desert. There was no rain for a long time, the water and grass died, the herdsmen were hungry and confused, and there was an evil wind in the flying sand of Shuo desert. Local residents said that these disasters were brought by Wang Zhaojun. Only by using her blood to commemorate the Hun ancestors can the grassland be saved. All day long, huhanye is depressed and worried. Zhaojun is also worried. Suddenly, she remembers that her parents gave her a brocade bag before she went to the palace. Zhaojun opened the brocade bag and found that it contained crop seeds, gold scissors and a piece of yellow paper. Zhaojun couldn't understand it and shed a string of tears. This teardrop drops on the cold sand, on the sand unexpectedly miraculously appeared a blue crystal small spring. Zhaojun was both surprised and happy. With water, he also had cattle, sheep, water plants and crops. She picked up the gold scissors and cut a lamb with yellow paper. Unexpectedly, as soon as it was cut, the lamb became a real lamb. Zhaojun also used yellow paper to cut the petals of cattle, sheep and water plants. Suddenly, a large area of green grass and fragrant flowers appeared around him. Flocks of cattle and sheep were eating grass and resting. Finally, Zhaojun sprinkled the seeds in the brocade bag on the sand, and the crops grew in an instant. The herdsmen were overjoyed and rushed to tell each other, transmitting Zhaojun's kindness from generation to generation.

Main achievements

Huhanxie's return to Han Dynasty and Zhaojun's departure from the frontier not only promoted the Xiongnu to end the years of division and war, but also laid the foundation for the unification of the Central Plains Dynasty. In addition, the exchange between the two sides was strengthened, which made the relatively backward minorities yearn for the advanced system of the Central Plains, and prompted some minorities to follow the system of the Central Plains.

Historical evaluation

Han en is shallow and Hu en is deep. The joy of life lies in knowing each other. Poor tomb has gone, there are still strings left to this day.

——

Wang Anshi (Song Dynasty)

Gorgeous amazing out of the Han Palace, beauty life with the ancient. Even if the king light color, to seize power, how to give painters.

——(Qing Dynasty)

Cao Xueqin

Anecdotes and allusions

Wild geese falling in the sand

In ancient times, the story of Diao Yuejun and Diao luojun is called "the four beauties of Xiyan and Diao Yuhuan".

In the first year of Jingning (33bc), Hu Hanxie, the leader of the southern Xiongnu, went to the court in Beijing and asked to be the son-in-law of the Han Dynasty. The emperor of the Han Dynasty chose Wang Zhaojun, the palace maid, to give it to him. Zhaojun bid farewell to his hometown and embarked on a journey to the north. Along the way, the yellow sand rolled, the horses hissed and the geese sang, which made it difficult for her to calm down, so she immediately played the lute resentment. The sad and melodious sound of the zither and the beautiful and moving woman make the geese flying south forget to swing their wings and fall on the Pingsha one after another, which makes the geese become the nickname of Wang Zhaojun.

Chinese PinYin : Wang Zhao Jun1