Qian Zhongshu

Qian Zhongshu

Qian Zhongshu (November 21, 1910 - December 19, 1998), formerly known as Yangxian, was later renamed Zhongshu, with the name of Tacun and Huaiju. He once used the pen name of zhongshujun, a native of Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. He is a modern Chinese writer and literary researcher. He is also known as "nanrao Beiqian" with Rao Zongyi.

In 1929, Qian Zhongshu was admitted to the Foreign Languages Department of Tsinghua University. In 1932, he met Yang Jiang in front of Gu Yue Tang, Tsinghua University, and married Yang Jiang in 1935. In 1937, he received his bachelor's degree from Exeter College of Oxford University in his essay China in 17th and 18th century English literature. In 1941, he completed the writing of Tan Yi Lu and write on the edge of life. In 1947, he published the novel Fortress Besieged. Selected notes of Song poetry, which was created in 1958, is listed in the series of Chinese classical literature. In March 1972, he began to write "the compilation of pipe cones". In 1976, the English version of Mao Zedong's poems was published. In 1982, the newly edited edition of guanzhui was published.

Qian Zhongshu died of illness in Beijing on December 19, 1998.

(overview photo source: People's Daily - Education Channel)

Life of the characters

Early career

On November 21, 1910 (October 20 of the lunar calendar), Qian Zhongshu was born in an educational family in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province.

In 1916, he studied in an attached school at his relative's home and read Mao Shi. Later, his uncle taught him to read. Read "journey to the west", "Water Margin", "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "Shuo Tang", "Ji Gong Zhuan", "seven heroes and five righteousness" and other novels.

In 1920, Qian Zhongshu enrolled in Wuxi Donglin primary school, which was renamed Wuxi No.2 primary school. His father changed the word "silent deposit" for him.

In 1923, he was admitted to Suzhou Taowu middle school run by the American Episcopal Church and read a lot of publications such as novel world, red rose and violet.

In 1925, when I returned home for the summer vacation, I learned about the anthologies of ancient prose, parallel style prose notes, and eighteen poetry notes. From then on, I began to read them systematically, which is the beginning of my whole life.

In 1929, he was admitted to the Foreign Languages Department of Tsinghua University. Soon after entering the school, he became famous on campus, not only because he only got 15 marks in mathematics, but also because his Chinese and English levels were so high that his classmates could admire him, especially in English.

In 1932, Qian Zhongshu met Yang Jiang in front of Guyue Hall of Tsinghua University.

In 1933, he was engaged to Yang Jiang. After graduating from the Department of foreign languages of Tsinghua University, he taught in Shanghai Guanghua University (now East China Normal University).

Study in Europe

In 1935, she married Yang Jiang. Taking the first place (87.95 points, which is the highest average score of the previous Sino US and Sino British Boxer Indemnity), the student who was admitted to the British Boxer Indemnity at public expense went to the English Department of Exeter College of Oxford University to study abroad, and went to the UK on the same ship with Yang Jiang.

In 1937, he received his bachelor's degree from Exeter College of Oxford University in his essay China in 17th and 18th century English literature. After that, he went to Paris University with his wife Yang Jiang for research. Daughter Qian Yuan was born.

Around the world

In the autumn of 1938, he and Yang Jiang returned to China by French mail ship, and was employed as a professor by Tsinghua University as an exception.

In 1939, he transferred to the national Lantian Normal University as the head of the English Department, and began the writing of Tan Yi Lu. Since then, he has been in Xiangxi for two years. The completion of the first part of Tan Yi Lu is about half of the first draft of Tan Yi Lu. To complete the layout and conception of besieged city, there is a volume of Zhongshu junjin poem. There is a paper "Chinese poetry and Chinese painting". This article was later included in the 20th anniversary Anthology of Kaiming bookstore, four old articles and seven affixes.

In 1941, he went to Shanghai by boat from Guangxi. The Pearl Harbor Incident broke out and he was trapped in Shanghai. He taught in the Sinian women's School of Arts and Sciences. During that time, he completed the writing of "Tan Yi Lu" and "write on the edge of life". The essay collection "writing on the edge of life", published by Kaiming bookstore, is one of the "new journals of Kaiming literature". Writing fortress besieged. The experience and emotion of being trapped in the enemy occupied area of Shanghai at that time had an important influence on the determination of the theme and title of besieged city. Qian Zhongshu photo album

In 1945, after the end of the Anti Japanese War, he was a professor in the Department of foreign languages of Jinan University, Shanghai, and the Journal of the English Library of Nanjing central library, Shulin quarterly. In the following three years, a collection of novels human, animal and ghost, a novel Fortress Besieged and a review of poetry and prose on art were published one after another, which caused great repercussions in the academic circles.

In 1947, Qian Zhongshu's novel Fortress Besieged was published by Shanghai Chenguang publishing company.

Teaching at Tsinghua University

In 1949, Qian Zhongshu returned to Tsinghua University to teach.

From 1949 to 1953, he was a professor in the Department of foreign languages, Tsinghua University, and was in charge of the Institute of foreign languages. In 1953, Tsinghua University was changed into a University of engineering, and the liberal arts were merged into Peking University. Qian Zhongshu got rid of the educational administration and worked as a researcher in the Institute of literature (formerly under Peking University, then under the Department of philosophy and social sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, now under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences).

From 1955 to 1957, with the support of Zheng Zhenduo, He Qifang, Wang Boxiang and others, he finished the anthology of Song Poetry in two years, and selected 297 works of 81 poets in Song Dynasty.

In 1957, due to his father's illness, he went to Hubei Province for his relatives. There were five quatrains in "going to Hubei daozhong", which expressed his feelings about the situation at that time. This year, his father Qian Jibo died of illness.

In 1958, anthology of Song poetry was published by people's Literature Publishing House and listed in the series of Chinese classical literature.

In the late 1950s, a group was set up to finalize the English version of Mao Zedong's poems. Yuan Shuipai served as team leader, Qiao Guanhua, Qian Zhongshu and ye Junjian served as team members. The work of the group was temporarily suspended until the outbreak of the "Cultural Revolution".

Cadre school life

After the outbreak of the "Cultural Revolution" in 1966, Qian Zhongshu and Yang Jiang were both "pulled out" as "bourgeois academic authority" and suffered a shock. Some people wrote big character newspapers to frame Qian Zhongshu for disdaining the leader's works. Qian Zhongshu and Yang Jiang used facts to clarify the frame.

In November 1969, Qian Zhongshu went to the "May 7th cadre school" in Luoshan County, Henan Province as an "advance team" and once worked as a letter sending and receiving officer. Soon after, the May 7th cadre school moved to Dongyue, Xixian County, Henan Province, on the edge of the Huaihe River.

In June 1970, Wang Deyi, his son-in-law, was forced to commit suicide unjustly; in July, his wife Yang Jiang was transferred to the May 7th cadre school.

Study in old age

In March 1972, Qian Zhongshu returned to Beijing and began to write guanzhui Bian.

Around 1975, overseas misinformation about Qian Zhongshu's death caused a series of mourning activities in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan and other places. This misinformation was clarified around 1977. The first draft of guanzhui Bian was completed, and it has been revised since then.

In 1976, the English version of Mao Zedong's poems, translated by Qian Zhongshu, was published. The poem Laozhi expresses the feeling of the situation.

From April to May 1979, Qian Zhongshu attended a delegation from the Chinese Academy of social sciences to visit the United States. He visited Columbia University, University of California Berkeley, etc., which was very popular. One to four volumes of guanzhui Bian were published by Zhonghua Book Company. "Four old essays" is published by Shanghai ancient books publishing house. It contains four articles, including "Chinese poetry and Chinese painting", "reading laokong", "Synaesthesia" and "Lin Shu's translation". Reprint of selected notes of Song poetry.

He visited Japan in November 1980. In Waseda University, he gave a speech of "poetry can complain" and reprinted "Besieged City".

In 1982, the revised edition of guanzhui was published. Vice president of the Chinese Academy of social sciences.

In 1983, he presided over the bilateral Seminar on comparative literature between China and the United States and delivered an opening speech. Man, beast, ghost and writing on the edge of life were included in the literature series of Shanghai during the Anti Japanese war.

In 1984, yiyiyiji was published by Hong Kong wide angle mirror press.

In 1985, qizhui Ji was published by Shanghai ancient books publishing house. This book includes three articles in the first half of "four old essays" and "also a collection", a total of seven articles.

In 1989, selected works of Qian Zhongshu Lun Xue was compiled by Shu Zhan and published by Guangdong Huacheng publishing house. This book contains more than 200000 words of newly supplemented manuscripts by Qian Zhongshu.

In December 1990, the TV series Fortress Besieged was broadcasted on CCTV, and was widely praised.

In 1991, Qian Zhongshu was one of the first 36 people to film "Chinese contemporary cultural celebrities" on 18 TV stations across the country, but he declined to do it.

At 7:38 am on December 19, 1998, Qian Zhongshu died of illness in Beijing at the age of 88.

Main impact

academic research

Qian Zhongshu deeply studied Chinese history, philosophy and literary classics, and constantly read and studied the western literature, philosophy and psychology. Many of his works, such as Tan Yi Lu, Guan Zhui Pian and selected notes of Song poetry, enjoy a high reputation in the academic circles at home and abroad.

Qian Zhongshu's Tan Yi Lu (1948), based on the communication between China and the West and the extensive collection of quotations, contains the subtle analysis, comparison and elucidation of the different appearance and the same poetic heart in Chinese and Western poetics. It is not only the earliest rich and detailed comparative poetics between China and the west, but also raises many questions that have not been raised by the predecessors. As far as the ancient Chinese literary theory is concerned, the research on the extensive influence of Buddhism on Chinese poetry and literary theory can be said to be the first. In terms of western literary theory, the theories of the influential Russian formalist literary theorist Shklovsky, the Danish philosopher Kierkegaard and the French poet Valerie are also first applied to the study of Chinese ancient literary theory in Tan Yi Lu; the criticism of Croce's intuitionism is also the first one put forward in this book. 《

Chinese PinYin : Qian Zhong Shu