Zhang Yandeng

Zhang Yandeng

Zhang Yandeng (from February 3, 1566 to December 11, 1641) is a native of Zouping, Shandong Province. His name is Jimei, and his name is Huadong. The important ministers in the late Ming Dynasty.

Wanli 20 years (1592) renchenke Jinshi, calendar Huangxian, Shangcai County Magistrate, moved to the matter. At that time, Zhang Yandeng's works such as "touching things at that time, being respectful and honest, being without party", and "meeting is too light, boring and useless", all hit the mark of the times. After the official Taipusi Shaoqing, Dalisi zuoshaoqing, Taipusi Qing, Zhejiang governor, Nanjing duchayuan Youdu Yushi, Ministry of work Shangshu, duchayuan zuodu Yushi. In 1641, he died of illness due to accumulated labor. He was 76 years old. The imperial court presented the crown prince and his wife. During the reign of Hongguang in the Southern Ming Dynasty, he pursued his posthumous title Zhongding. He is the author of Beijing camp inspection, Huangmen chronicle, Yanhai edition, xuanxiu Bianfang, etc.

(photo source: Portrait of Zhang Yandeng painted by Ming Dynasty, collected by Zou Ping and Zhang's descendants)

Life of the characters

Early experience

Zhang Yandeng was born in Zouping County, Jinan Prefecture, Shandong Province on January 14, 1566. Zhang Yandeng's family is the Zhang family of Zouping Ximen, who migrated from zaozhou in the late Yuan Dynasty. His father, Zhang Yiheng, whose name is Zhongchun and his name is Yixuan, was appointed the head of the Ministry of rites by his son GUI and presented to the imperial censor of the capital. When he was critically ill, Li told his sister-in-law Liu, "so I despise the baby and humiliate sister-in-law Qiu. I'd like to have children and animals." Liu cried. As a result, Zhang Yandeng was brought up by his Aunt Liu, and his Uncle Zhang Yiyuan (Ming Chun, Renxuan, Longqing, Xinwei) became a scholar. In his early years, he adopted his uncle as his son. Zhang Yandeng was smart when he was young. According to the Ming Dynasty Liu Lishun's tombstone of Zhang Gong in East China of the general constitution, he was a wise man when he was young. He was a Fu, and he was always fond of antiquity in the 10th year of Wanli (1582), Zhang Yandeng was 17 years old. He studied in the school of Fu County and got excellent results. He won the first place in three tests. In 1584, Zhang Yandeng was 19 years old. He was able to get the old salary, which was given by the government in the old days, and was repeatedly known by the famous Xianda.

Local office

In 1591, Zhang Yandeng was 26 years old. He won the provincial examination. In 1592, Zhang Yandeng was 27 years old. Lianjie (formerly referred to two successive subjects in the imperial examination) became a Jinshi, ranking 82nd in the top three. According to the biographical notes of renchenke Jinshi in the 20th year of Wanli, "Zhang Yandeng (East China), the second room of the book. Bingyin was born on the 14th of the first month in Zouping. Xinmao rural examination. Twenty seven years old (Zeng ZuGui, Zu Peixian, Fu Yuan). Eighty two of them were appointed to the imperial censor of Youdu, governor of Zhejiang Province, and promoted to the right servant of the Ministry of war. "Minister of final work." In 1593, Zhang Yandeng was 28 years old. Three years later, Zheng Dacheng was recommended by Taiwan for more than ten times. When he was an official, his Uncle Zhang Yiyuan once passed Neihuang on vacation. He was very satisfied with his nephew's treatment. He said to his wife Liu with a smile, "our family has received the favor of the country, and we have never reported it. I'm so lucky to be an official now. I've been around for many years. How can I tarnish the official candle and the official umbrella because of my desire for ease? " So he gave the remaining salary of 20 jin and ordered Liu to give it to his nephew, saying, "we should compensate the children for this." Zhang Yandeng bowed again and said, "my Lord, I've learned from myself. Dare you not dare to show your innocence Therefore, it is said in the 11th part of the biography volume of sin Wei Lu that "Li Nei Huang and Shang Cai counties have their own governance. In the official capital, we should use everything we have to do. " In 1596, Zhang Yandeng was 31 years old. That year, his Aunt Liu passed away, and Zhang Yandeng returned home to mourn. He said with grief, "I lost my mother when I was young, and I can't get to this day without the Ju Yu of Gong Ren (Liu's title). as vast as the boundless heavens! What can I do in return? " Three years is like a day. The people of Neihuang County are very grateful for him and set up a temple for him. When there is an unresolved dispute, they go to the temple to pray for divination. They regard what they get as vindication, and they can leave with their hearts in their hearts. The scholars say that they praise and imitate him, so many people have gained fame when they were in office. Fan Jiren, a Jinshi from Neihuang, inscribed "Xingyun", which means "Yunren of Xingtan". In 1599, Zhang Yandeng was 34 years old. When they heard the news, the gentry, the old people, the children, and the scholars of Shangcai came to meet them with joy and exclaimed, "it's him who brought the genealogy of our ancestors." Here, gongzu refers to Zhang Yiyuan, the uncle of Zhang Yandeng. He once pacified Zhongzhou. At that time, he was hungry, and people ate each other. Zhang Yiyuan sparsely asked for money to collect 400000 gold from Caoyuan. Hundreds of thousands of people lived, and he was loved by Yu people. So Shangcai people are very happy to see Zhang Yandeng. As soon as he took office, Zhang Yandeng reported to the higher authorities in detail the matter of stopping the collection of wasteland silver. Considering that the local taxes were various and it was difficult to check the behavior of fishing invasion, from the date of collection and settlement, the number was preserved, thoroughly cleared up, and published into a book. A few years later, the dancers were not allowed to cheat. He gave farmers the opportunity to farm cattle, prepare seeds, set up porridge factories and build Gongji village. Zhang Yandeng used all his family resources to cultivate students. He was even more helpful to those scholars who were poor and could not support, marry or die. In Shangcai County, there were many thieves. When he heard the alarm, he would personally lead the strong soldiers to capture and suppress them, and he would take all measures to protect his armour, so as to prevent the trouble before it happened. There were more than 70 serious cases in Ruyang, Xiping and other neighboring counties. Zhang Yandeng was approved and investigated, and released some excusable prisoners. Some prisoners who had been released by him for a long time were still willing to go back to prison. When he asked them why, he sobbed: "the prison is better, but the family is suffering from famine!" In the heavy rain, the city walls collapsed by tens of feet, and three thousand men were sent to repair the water channels. They all tried to build and lose, so as not to disturb the people. The people of Shangcai were also very grateful for him and tried to raise money to build the ancestral hall for him. Zhang Yandeng couldn't stop it, so he had to turn the ancestral hall into a lacquer carving to commemorate his ancestors. Zhinei created Yuanxiao Pavilion, yunminus Pavilion and Yangxie Pavilion, engraved Yishan stele by Qin Prime Minister Lisi, engraved with the motto of Mr. Xie Liangzuo, wrote yuminus Pavilion and Zhuji Wen to express his ambition, wrote books to enlighten the people, and played the piano and chanted songs not because of official business. In 1603, Zhang Yandeng was 38 years old. He was the same examiner of Henan provincial examination. He was well-known for being a scholar. He received more than 30 awards from various stations, ranking first in the outstanding. Kaoman was granted the title of his father, Zhang Yiheng, as an official. His mother, Li's, gave it to an infant, and his aunt, Liu An, began to give it to Gongren. Before and after Zhang Yandeng was a magistrate for ten years, so he was granted the post of Jingzhi. He once said to himself, "when I governed Neihuang, I was strict. When I governed Cai shikuanren, there was no bad government in both places. When I left office, the common people were in the same situation." Li Zongyan, the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs, wrote "going to think of stele" praising him: "the empty family is based on the solid city, and the barren Zou is based on the fat Lu."

To be promoted to work

In 1605, Zhang Yandeng was 40 years old. He is the head of the Department of rites. His parents were granted the title of the Virgin Mary again. In 1606, Zhang Yandeng was 41 years old. I'm going to give the military division to Shizhong. In 1607, Zhang Yandeng was 42 years old. Uncle Zhang Yiyuan passed away. During his mourning, Zhang Yandeng was "covered with straw and covered with bones" and "deeply moved by the funeral carriage.". In 1612, Zhang Yandeng was 47 years old. Fu Yi, who was in charge of official affairs, was listed in the following books: Bu Yan Guan Xuan Ge Chen Shu, Qing Ning Si Yi Zhi Li Zhi Shu, evil eunuch lie playing a role in disorderly national law, Gan Shi Qian Gong Chen Wu Dang Lun Shu, Fu Fan's country should be enfeoffed quickly, and the land should be too strict Shu. In 1613, Zhang Yandeng was 48 years old. Eighteen scholars participated in the examination, two of whom were candidates of the meeting and five of whom worked in the Imperial Academy. In August, Zhang Yandeng invited Wang Jiaping and Shen Li to join the cabinet. According to the record of Huangming congxinlu (volume 4-10), "in August of the 41st year of Wanli, the Ministry invited Shen Li, a former bachelor. First, Zhang Yandeng, a minister of science, said, "since the emperor's reign, there has been one cabinet minister in the 20th century. Only Wang Jiaping and Shen Li have established a dynasty. Therefore, the ministry asked for a special call to commemorate the virtues of the old ministers. "At that time, the country had been in peace for a long time, and the military equipment was gradually relaxed. Zhang Yandeng paid a visit to the Beijing camp, made a brief inspection of the weapons, and searched for the malpractices and lessons. He made eight comments on" checking the number of troops, determining the inspection period, teaching the cavalry, counting the actual number of troops, Yan Zhanjie, Qing reward, training and arresting the camp, and training and arresting the troops. ". The volume of "inspection matters" consists of 134 items, including the book of songs, meeting ceremony, business system, number, inspection, etiquette, date, rules, circulation, Huitong, Ma Zheng, ban Jun, reward and punishment, Zou Jiao, military administration, Da Yue, miscellaneous matters, and summary. The person in charge of the yuan laments the difficulty of his words. His book "meeting is too light, vexing words are useless" says: "the hidden danger of Liao left is caused by Fu Zhen's infrequent relocation, loss of appointment, unclear merit and crime, and undecided reward and punishment. Now we should instruct the general officials to act expediently, not to let the courtiers hold meetings frequently to speculate on the border affairs, so that the generals who directly preside over the affairs can stand idly by, enjoy their success and evade their responsibilities. If he wins the war, he will take credit for it; if he fails in the war, he will not be prosecuted. This is the benefit of people and officials, but it is not the benefit of the country! " Before long, the situation in Eastern Liaoning deteriorated sharply, just as Zhang Yandeng said in his memorial. In 1614, Zhang Yandeng was 49 years old. By decree

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