Han Ximeng

Han Ximeng

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Han Ximeng, a female craftsman in Ming Dynasty, was born in Wulin (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). The fifth grandson of Han Qi, a famous prime minister in the Northern Song Dynasty, was Gu Mingshi's granddaughter-in-law and Gu Shouqian's wife. He lives in Shanghai. He is good at painting flowers and working embroidery. The original works of song and Yuan Dynasty painters are the most vivid. He often uses famous works of Zhu embroidery. There are many works handed down from generation to generation, which are treasured by the world. It is called "Han Yuan embroidery".

Life of the characters

Han Ximeng lived in Wanli and Chongzhen of Ming Dynasty. Gu Shouqian, the second daughter-in-law of Gu Zhenhai, the second son of Gu Mingshi, a Jinshi in Jiajing, is a Shanghai native. She is good at painting flowers and embroidery. She has a deep knowledge of six methods. She has a deep understanding of the true story of embroidery in Tang and Song Dynasties, and imitates ancient and modern famous people's calligraphy and painting. The original works of song and Yuan Dynasty painters are the most vivid. They mostly use the famous money of Zhu embroidery. There are many works handed down from generation to generation. They are also called "Han Yuan embroidery". Because he is Gu Shouqian's wife and has Lu Xiang Garden in his family, his embroidery is also called Lu Xiang Garden embroidery, or Gu embroidery for short. Han Ximeng married to take care of his family in the heyday of Luxiang garden. He was full of friends and had no worries about food and clothing. Her husband Gu Shouqian was a teacher of Dong Qichang, a famous calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty. He was not only good at poetry and painting, but also had a special love for Gu embroidery, nicknamed "master of embroidery Buddha studio". The couple are in harmony with each other, and further develop the special effects of needling. In addition, the rich color and texture of feather, hemp and velvet are assisted by silk thread, as well as the complementary color skills to reflect the charm of the original painting, so as to make the embroidered figures, landscapes, flowers and birds reach the artistic conception of "not sketching, but sketching".

Embroidery features

In the spring of 1634 in the seventh year of Chongzhen period, Han Ximeng visited the famous works of song and Yuan Dynasties and copied eight pieces of embroidery. Then he used five colored silk thread to copy the embroidery. After several years, he collected several volumes. Because of her flexible needle and smooth silk, her works have strong texture and artistic expression. There are eight pieces of the whole painting, including Xima, shinu, fangmishan, squirrel grape, dragonfly lentils, Huaxi Yuyin, etc. each piece is embroidered with the seal of "Han's female red", and the last piece is embroidered with the title of "Han's Ximeng", which is praised by Dong Qichang. Among them, the embroidery of rice landscape and Huaxi Yuyin is supplemented by ink rendering, which fully reflects the misty rain and boundless River in the paintings of Mi Fu in Song Dynasty.

Work evaluation

Among them, "Xi Ma Tu" imitates Zhao Zi'ang's style, "Nu Hou Tu" imitates Song Dynasty's style, "Mi Hua Shan Shui Tu" imitates Mi Fu's brushwork, "Hua Xi Yu Yin Tu" imitates Wang Meng's brushwork of Yuan Dynasty. At the end of the book is the postscript of his husband Gu Shouqian, and the inscription by Dong Qichang, a representative of Songjiang School of painting in Ming Dynasty. This is the collection of Gu Xiu's famous works of song and Yuan Dynasties, which is the first collection of embroidery in the Palace Museum of Beijing. Both the needling and the color are very fine, flexible and changeable, which vividly shows the vivid modality of objects. These works have reached the artistic conception that people can't tell whether they are embroidery or painting. Dong Qichang highly praised Gu embroidery, saying that it was "exquisite and skillful, and the peers can't look up to it. People are extremely skillful, and it's strange.".

Artistic attainments

Han Ximeng's greatest contribution is to make Gu embroidery techniques mature, which was praised as "needle saint" by the famous painter Dong Qichang at that time. Han Ximeng's works pursue the effect of painting. He imitates the famous paintings of song and Yuan Dynasties, and Embroiders them into picture books, hand scrolls and other furnishings. He deliberately imitates them by using needles instead of writing. He gets the touch of famous painters and achieves the artistic realm of blending painting and embroidery. The poet Guo Rong wrote in the preface of Han Ximeng's Embroidery: "all the characters, feathers, flowers, insects and fish, in different depths, are not satisfied, and there are no needle marks and lines, so that people can't distinguish embroidery from painting." Therefore, his works are called "embroidery". At that time, many scholars were impressed by Han Ximeng's embroidery skills and praised them for their poems and compositions. Han Ximeng's Embroidery adds artistic connotation to Gu embroidery, thus establishing its outstanding position and becoming one of the four famous embroideries in China. His embroidery method is called "Lu Xiang Yuan Gu Shi embroidery", also known as "Han Yuan embroidery". There are more than 10 copies of Han Ximeng's imitation of song and Yuan Dynasty's famous works on display at the Palace Museum in Beijing, among which the painting of horse washing, squirrel grape and lentil Dragonfly are his masterpieces. Both Liaoning Museum and Shanghai Museum have their works. In the book of Zuan Zu Ying Hua, its embroidery was printed in color and introduced in an article. Henceforth, Han Ximeng and his Gu embroidery were recorded in the Encyclopedia Britannica and became an influential female embroidery craftsman in ancient China.

Characteristics of Gu embroidery

Han Ximeng imitates and Embroiders ancient and modern famous people's paintings and calligraphy. He splits silk to match colors, which has a unique secret. Therefore, he can spot and dye the written works. The embroidered landscapes, figures, flowers and birds are all exquisite. It is known as Lu Xiang Yuan Gu's Embroidery in the world, covering the so-called painting embroidery. This is the world-famous Gu embroidery. Gu's needlework mainly inherits the most complete needlework of the Song Dynasty, and is used in a variety of ways. It can be said to be a great achievement of needlework. Using needle instead of pen, using loose needle, looping needle, pine needle, carving needle and other needling methods to show the Cun, rub, dot and dye in painting, and paying attention to the change of the depth and shade of silk, making it produce light and shade, concave and convex, level and texture, rich in the charm of painting. Most of the threads are still flat and sometimes twisted. The silk is as thin as hair and the stitches are smooth. The variety of colored threads used is not comparable to that of song embroidery. At the same time, the use of intermediate color lines, borrow color and complementary color, embroidery and painting, and strive to realistic original. Depending on the pattern, you can choose materials at will, regardless of the method. The real grass, Siamese cockfight tail hair, thin gold and hair can be embroidered, which is innovative. In particular, the use of hair embroidery to complete the production of painting is not only representative in Gu embroidery, but also has a very important position in the history of Chinese silk embroidery. It has never been seen in the history of dyeing and weaving in the world. That is to say, Gu embroidery has extremely subtle thorns Embroidery technology. This kind of embroidery imitates painting, which has a great influence on the display embroidery of later generations.

Chinese PinYin : Han Xi Meng