Han Ying

Han Ying

Han Ying, male, from Yan (now Hebei) of the Western Han Dynasty. He was a doctor at the time of Emperor Wen, and a great master of Liu Shun at the time of emperor Jing. During the reign of Emperor Wu, he argued with Dong Zhongshu, but he was not subdued. The founder of Han poetics in the Western Han Dynasty, who was in charge of both the book of songs and the book of changes, had a very different poetic language from Qi and Lu. He speculated that the meaning of the book of songs was mixed with spring and Autumn Annals or ancient events, which was different from the meaning of classics. He quoted the book of songs to prove things, rather than quoting things to illustrate the book of songs. Yan and Zhao Yan's poems are all based on Han Ying. Zhao Zi and Ben Sheng in Huainan were his high disciples. Zhao Zi passed on Cai Yi, and the three biographies formed Han Shi's Wang Xue, Shi Zi Xue and Chang sun Xue, with many apprentices. Later generations think that his study of poetry is not as profound as that of the book of changes.

Main achievements

Han Ying inherited and carried forward Confucianism, which directly inherited Xunzi's thought, but respected Mencius. He replaced "law before King" with "good human nature" instead of "evil human nature". It unifies the views of the two schools which are the most intense in the internal struggle of Confucianism. He absorbed Zhou and Qin's views and reformed them. He thought that "happiness comes from inaction, while suffering comes from desire". The rulers must control their desires, be light on corvee and taxes, make the people have time, and avoid wars. They should take "modesty" as the criterion of their conduct, that is, "the people who are rich in virtue should be honored by being respectful, the people who are broad in land should be safe by being thrifty, the people who are rich in wealth should be valued by being humble, the people who are strong in arms should be victorious by being afraid, the people who are wise and wise should be wise by being stupid and wise, and the people who are broad in knowledge and strong in memory should be wise by being shallow". Dazu to rule the world, ZHONGZU to secure the country, nearly enough to defend its body. In order to maintain the unification, he advocated that loyalty is above everything, filial piety is subordinate to loyalty, if loyalty and filial piety must give up one, then he would rather be a loyal minister than a filial son. His subordinates mainly used "Tao to subdue the monarch" and "morality to regulate the monarch". He thought that "killing the body to show the evil of the monarch is also unfaithful". Wu Zixu's "admonishment is not the king's evil", which is "loyalty". Therefore, it is against the honest and upright side, against the integrity of Boyi, Shuqi, biansui, jiezitui, Yuanxian and others respected by the traditional Confucianism, and for Liu Xiahui not to be ashamed and defile the emperor, not to resign from a small official, not to be a hermit, but to follow his own path, not to pity the poor, and not to resent the lost ", so as to make the officials and the people not for fame, not for profit, able to go up and down, not to pity and not to resent. He is not shameful and defiant of the monarch, nor resigning from the petty officials, and obedient to the people.

He inherited and developed Mencius' thought of "valuing the people". It holds that "the common people will be safe with them, strong with them, dangerous with them, and perish with them". The rulers should "regard the common people as the heaven" and "support the people" if they want to govern the world. The ruling class must not indulge in extravagance, should be thrifty, and "use the time not to waste, and keep the life not to harm", so as to achieve "world peace and national peace". Therefore, it must "teach the people". He thought that "millions of stupid people are not for the people.". He reiterated that Confucianism should be used to educate the people, and put forward the idea that "the destiny of the country lies in propriety". He thought that "people can't live without propriety, things can't be rude, princes can't help the whole world, so they will die.". It negates Confucius' idea of self-restraint and restoration of propriety, inherits and carries forward Xunzi's idea that propriety comes from desire, that is, the desire to cultivate people and the desire to enter. It puts forward the idea that "human's six emotions include lust for the eyes, palace merchants for the ears, fragrance for the nose, pleasure for the mouth, peace for the body and limbs, and light and warm for the clothes.". If you lose it, you will be in chaos, if you follow it, you will be in peace. Therefore, the holy King's teaching of his people must be based on his feelings and courtesy, and must be based on his desires and righteousness. Righteousness is simple and ready, courtesy is easy and Dharma is not far away, so the people's obedience is quick. ". It denies Confucius's view that "etiquette is not inferior to common people" and advocates "educating the common people with etiquette and righteousness". It holds that "a hundred rites and harmonies lead to a hundred meanings, a hundred meanings lead to the modulation of yin and Yang, the modulation of yin and Yang leads to the balance of cold and heat, the balance of cold and heat leads to the clearness of three lights, and the clearness of three lights leads to the time of wind and rain. When the wind and rain, then the group of health rather, such as the rainy day road to carry on.

personal works

Han Ying's ideas prepared for the wide spread of Confucianism and for Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty to "depose a hundred schools and respect Confucianism alone". There are two chapters in Hanshu Yiwenzhi and Yi, 36 volumes in Han Gu, four volumes in Han neizhuan, six volumes in Han waizhuan and 41 volumes in Han Shuo. After the Southern Song Dynasty, only Han Shi waizhuan remained. Zhao Huaiyu in Qing Dynasty compiled the lost articles of Han Shi neizhuan. Ma guohan's yuhanshanfang Ji Yi Shu has two volumes of Han Shi Gu, one volume of Han Shi neizhuan and one volume of Han Shi Shuo.

Examples of works

Wei Wen Hou asked fox paper: "father wise, children can rely on it?" "Fox paper answered:" No "Can parents rely on wise sons?" "No way." "Can brothers and sisters be relied on if they are wise?" "No way." "Brother wise, brother can rely on it?" No way. " "Can the monarch rely on the wise officials?" "No way." Wei Wenhou immediately changed his face, angrily asked: "I asked you five questions, you said you can't rely on, why?" Hu Juan Zi replied: "the father is virtuous, and no one can surpass Yao, while his son Dan Zhu Aoman is licentious, and later he is exiled; the son is virtuous, and no one can surpass Shun, and Shun's blind father murders Shun with his youngest son Xianghe, and then he is detained; the elder brother is virtuous, and no one can surpass Shun, and his younger brother is exiled; the younger brother is virtuous, and no one can surpass Zhougong (Zhoudan), but he His elder brother Guan Shu was killed for engaging in rebellion; his ministers were not more virtuous than Shang Tang and King Wu of Zhou, while his masters Xia Jie and Shang Zhou were attacked for their licentiousness and cruelty. Therefore, if you always want to rely on others, you will not achieve your goal, and relying on others will not last long. He who looks at others will not come, but he who depends on others will not come soon If you want the country to be governed, you should start with yourself. What can others rely on? "

Chinese PinYin : Han Ying