wei yingwu

wei yingwu

Wei Yingwu (about 737-791), with the word meaning Bo, was born in Jingzhao duling (now Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province). Officials and poets of the Tang Dynasty are known as "Wei Suzhou", "Wei Zuo Si" and "Wei Jiang Zhou".

Wei Yingwu was born in the Xiaoyao public house of Jingzhao Wei family. He became an official in the office of menyin. He became the magistrate of the county of Liyang, moved to the doctor of Bibu, and became a doctor of Jiachao. He was responsible for the management of Chuzhou and Jiangzhou Cishi, and proofread Zuo Silang and Suzhou Cishi. At the beginning of 791, Wei Yingwu died in Suzhou.

Wei Yingwu is a poet of landscape pastoral school. Later generations are known as Wang (Wang Wei), Meng (Meng Haoran) and Wei Liu (Liu Zongyuan).

(overview picture reference: the Qing Dynasty painted the portrait of the famous ministers of all dynasties < / I > < I >) < / I >

Life of the characters

Early years

Wei Yingwu was born around the 25th year of Kaiyuan (737).

In the ninth year of Tianbao (750), around that year, Wei Yingwu used menyin to supplement youqianniu.

In the tenth year of Tianbao (751), Wei Yingwu was in Chang'an, where he served as a bodyguard for Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. He went in and out of the palace and was a retinue.

In the 15th year of Tianbao (756), an Lushan launched a rebellion, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty went to Shu, and Wei Ying failed in his duty.

In the second year of Qianyuan (759), Wei Yingwu lived in poverty and began to study in Taixue.

Ren Luoyang Cheng

In the autumn and winter of the first year of Guangde (763), Wei Yingwu was appointed Luoyang Cheng. In the same year, he wrote the poem "Luoyang in Guangde".

In the first year of Yongtai (765), he was still the Cheng of Luoyang and later the soldier Cao of Henan. In Yongtai, Wei Yingwu was sued for punishing illegal soldiers. Later, he abandoned the palace and lived in Tongde temple in Luoyang. During this period, he wrote poems such as "farewell to Yongyu in Luzhou to visit Li Zhongcheng", "Fu De dusk rain to send Li Zhou", "Tongde jingshe to raise disease, send to Henan soldier Cao Dongting", "Tongde temple to Yuan Shiyu Dr. Li after rain", "Tongde Pavilion period yuan Shiyu, Dr. Li did not arrive, each contributed two poems".

In the fourth year of Dali (769), around that year, Wei Yingwu returned to Chang'an from Luoyang and wrote the poem "send Feng Zhu to receive Li Guangzhou to write a record".

Working in Chang'an

In the ninth year of Dali (774), Wei Yingwu was appointed as the official Cao of Jingzhao mansion, and later he was appointed as Gaoling Tsai.

In the 11th year of Dali (776), Wei Yingwu was transferred to the position of Chao Qing Lang. In the same year, he wrote the poem "Gaoling Shuqing, send to Sanyuan Shaofu".

In the summer and autumn of the 12th year of Dali (777), there was a flood in the middle of Qin Dynasty. Wei Yingwu sent an envoy to Yunyang to inspect the disaster. There was a poem "sending Yunyang to Cao Fu" to record it. Around that year, he also wrote poems such as "to Feng Shu" and "to Feng Lu Xiucai".

In the autumn of the 13th year of Dali (778), Wei Yingwu was already the county magistrate.

In June of the 14th year of Dali (779), Wei Yingwu changed his post to the order of Liyang. In July, Wei Yingwu resigned because of illness and lived in Shanfu temple in the western suburb of Chang'an.

In the first year of Jianzhong (780), Wei Yingwu lived in Chang'an. In the same year, he wrote the poem "Da Chang Xiao Shu Dang". Before and after that year, he also wrote such poems as "chunrijiao Juji wannianji Shaofu Zhongfu Sanyuan Shaofu weixiahou proofreading", "jilinghu servant" and so on.

In April of the second year of Jianzhong (781), Wei Yingwu was a member of the Ministry of Shangshu.

In the third year of Jianzhong (782), about April, he wrote the poem "send Li shiyuyi to Youzhou".

Local officials

In the summer of the fourth year of Jianzhong (783), Wei Yingwu was appointed as the governor of Chuzhou. When he went to Chuzhou from Chang'an, he passed through Luoyang and wrote the poem "send friends to Daliang". In the autumn of the same year, Wei Yingwu came to Chuzhou. In autumn and winter, he wrote the poem jichangdang.

In the first year of Xingyuan (784), he wrote poems such as Ji Zhudi, Ji Zhudi, Ji Lidan Yuanxi and Ji Quanjiao mountain Taoist. In the summer of the same year, he wrote the poem Ji Yang Xie Lu. At the end of the winter of the same year, he was removed from the post of governor of Chuzhou.

In the first month of the first year of Zhenyuan (785), he wrote a poem named "year and day send to the capital all seasons Duanwu". In spring and summer of the same year, Wei Yingwu lived in Xijian, Chuzhou. During the period, he wrote poems such as guantian family and Chuzhou Xijian. In the autumn of the same year, he was appointed as the governor of Jiangzhou.

In the second year of Zhenyuan (786), he wrote poems such as "Spring Moon view of the provincial city, beginning to rest in the East and west forest jingshe", "Dengpu Tangyi see quangu village along the road, suddenly thinking about the old residence of the capital, recalling the past", "driving back from Pu Tangyi experience landscape", "leisurely residence in the county" and so on.

In the third year of Zhenyuan (787), Wei Yingwu was granted the title of male in Fufeng County, with 300 households in Shiyi. He entered the court as Zuo Si Lang.

After July 788, Wei Yingwu was transferred from Zuo Si Lang to Suzhou CI Shi.

In 789, he wrote a poem "reply to Linghu's servant". In the same year, Gu Kuang was demoted to Raozhou Si Hu and passed through Suzhou. Wei Yingwu wrote a poem "Jun Zhai and the collection of scholars in the rain".

die in a strange land

In the sixth year of Zhenyuan (790), he wrote the poem "send Yunyang Zou ruli to serve the capital". In the spring of that year, Wei Yingwu was removed from the post of governor of Suzhou. Because of his poor family, he could not return to Chang'an immediately, so he sojourned in Yongding temple in Suzhou.

Wei Yingwu died in Suzhou at the beginning of the seventh year of Zhenyuan (791). Later, they were transported back to Chang'an and buried in the ancestral tombs of Shaoling in November.

On November 27, 796, Wei Yingwu was buried with his wife.

Main impact

The style of Wei Yingwu's poetry is a school of his own, especially in the Dali period. During the Dali period, the magnificent atmosphere of the prosperous Tang Dynasty no longer exists. Therefore, the themes are mostly romantic and romantic, and the style of poetry tends to the lightness of Wang Wei and Meng Haoran. Wei Yingwu was different from other poets in Dali period who worked in modern style, especially five character poems. He was good at all kinds of styles, especially ancient style. During the Dali period, the poets attached great importance to the carving of words and sentences, and vigorously pursued the precision of antithesis and the harmony of temperament. Wei Yingwu's poems were simple and natural, with a natural and eternal new feeling. After the war, influenced by the times, the overall style of Dali poetry presents a desolate and cold tone, while Wei Yingwu's poetry is peaceful and quiet. In addition, Wei Yingwu's poems have a long and elegant charm, while Dali's poems are often bleak. Generally speaking, Wei Yingwu followed the origin of Qin style and elegance, inherited the technique of Bi Xing and the spirit of Ya Zheng Zhong since the book of songs, and inherited the magnanimous mind, artistic conception style and some writing techniques of Wang Wei and Meng Haoran's poems.

Landscape Poetry

Wei Yingwu's landscape poems often show some solitude in the quietness, in which the expression of emotion is restrained, which is a kind of beauty of solitude that is hurt but not sad. This kind of peace on the surface is not like Wang Wei's mindlessness under Buddhism and Taoism, nor is it the clearness of Liu Zongyuan's depressed mood. Living in the turbulent Middle Tang Dynasty, things are right and people are wrong, and prosperity is hard to return. Under the influence of the atmosphere of the times, Wei Yingwu's heart became colder and colder. As a result, the cool and sparse landscape is more likely to trigger his creative inspiration. When faced with all the lively pictures, Wei Yingwu always acts more like a spectator, with all the changes of light and shadow, and the alternation of scenery; all the singing of birds, frogs, bells and running water only set off his mood more lonely. It can be said that the quiet state of Wei's poetry is not only the result of the atmosphere of that era, but also the poet's own aesthetic pursuit. On the whole, Wei Yingwu's landscape poems have the following three characteristics: the secluded state of landscape poems has three characteristics

1、 Cool colors and images

In Wei's poems, the common color words with cool colors, such as "green", "Dai", "Qing" and "Cui", are combined with the scenery, such as "the clouds are green in summer, the scenery is green in summer, and the mountains are deep in the scenery" (Feng Shang Jing she answers Zhao's exogenous couple). "Cold", "cool", "quiet" and other words with cold artistic conception often appear in his poems, such as "cold leaves and rain fall, and the clock is far behind the mountain" (see you in the hall of Dr. Li Yongning's master book), "trees grow cold at night, and the moon is full of the front lane" (see you in the five rhymes of Lu Song's autumn night), "Cold Mountains Pass geese alone, and the rain comes to the boat at dusk" (meet Mr. Li in Luoyang in Huaishang), and so on.

In addition, Wei Yingwu's landscape poems also prefer the images of cold mountain, cold rain, Qingming, Qingquan, Qingzhen, dusk, dusk bell and moss, all of which show the meaning of cold, such as "Qingming terrace is built with cold, green grass and trees are fragrant" (visiting Langyashan Temple), "seeing where Daise is, going out of the mountain gate to find dusk bell" (answering the Taoist priest of Donglin), "Shangyang autumn evening is drizzling, and Luoshui is cold at night." ”(a gift to the king) and "the cold rain is dark, and the fireflies are flying in the high Pavilion" (a book to master Cui on a single night in the temple). The reading makes people feel very quiet.

2、 There is stillness in motion

Wei Yingwu's landscape poems often use movement as a contrast to stillness, and the combination of stillness and movement. He is good at using the lively sound in nature to set off the quiet state in the poem. For example, "birds turn dark leaves and water flows into the secluded clumps" (the work of the poet Cao gong at night), "mountains sing through the rain, and streams fall through the residual flowers" (the book shows that in the western suburbs, the time of Diwu does not arrive), "the vast cold color rises, and the bell tolls in the evening" (the autumn scenery of Langya jingshe), "the sound of apes in the deep forest is cold, and the trace of juruhu is new" (the journey of rain in the mountains begins to Ji), "the dense bamboo line is far away, and Zigui is singing more Deep "(" traveling with Lu Zhi to Yongding Temple North pool monk Zhai "), respectively, with the sound of water, rain, bells, apes, birds to set off the quiet atmosphere. Readers can feel that the author is in the nature with sound, and gets a quiet of his own.

3、 The alternation of light and shade

The quiet characteristic of Wei's poetry does not only include the cool and quiet, but its connotation should be three-dimensional, complex and full of emotion. Such as "the rising sun scenery at the beginning of Ji, landscape reading in the morning.". Miscellaneous flowers accumulate like fog, and a hundred flowers have grown up "(the journey of rain in the mountains is beginning), and" when you see the shooting in the collapsing gully, the return flow is suddenly relaxed. ". There are bright and dark in the picture. The bright is sunshine and early morning, and the dark is mist and mountain haze. The interlacing of light and shadow is vividly displayed

Chinese PinYin : Wei Ying Wu