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lei

Lei is one of the well-known surnames in China. In today's list of surnames ranked 78th, in the "Hundred Surnames" ranked 69th. The population is about 3.722 million, accounting for about 0.23% of the total population of the country.

Historical development

thunder

Origin of surname

Originated from the surname Jiang, it comes from Fangshan, the fiefdom of fanglei, the grandson of Emperor Yan. It takes the ancestor's name as the surname. According to legend, the ninth grandson of Emperor Yan Shennong was called Lei. When the Yellow Emperor led the Yanhuang tribal alliance to fight against Chiyou, the two sides fought fiercely in Zhuolu. Lei bravely killed the enemy, regardless of his life and death, and assisted the Yellow Emperor to eliminate Chiyou. After the victory of the war, the Yellow Emperor rewarded Lei for his merits, and he was granted the title of Fangshan (now Fangshan Town, Yuzhou City, Henan Province). Fangshan, also known as Longshan in ancient times, established his own tribal group (vassal state). Later, the descendants of the descendants and the tribes took the state as their surname and took the fanglei family as their surname, which was one of the ancient vassal states. Among the descendants of Fang Lei's family, Hou Sheng Wen can be simplified and divided into two branches. Some take the ancestor's name as their surname, which is called Lei's family. Others take the country's name as their surname, which is called Fang's family.

Lei's and Fang's are of the same origin and have been handed down from generation to generation. They all respected Fang Lei as the ancestor of his surname.

Originating from the surname Zi, it comes from Lei Kai, the favorite Minister of King Zhou of Yin in the Shang Dynasty. It takes the ancestor's name as the surname. It is said that in the Shang Dynasty, there was a favorite minister named Lei Kai around King Zhou, who was loyal to King Zhou and did his best to instigate King Zhou to be happy.

After Jifa, King Wu of Zhou Dynasty, defeated the Yin and Shang Dynasties, among the descendants of Leikai, there were those who continued the name of their ancestors as their surname, the Lei family, which has been handed down from generation to generation.

It comes from the surname Ji and comes from Lei Gong, a minister under the Yellow Emperor. It takes the ancestor's name as the surname. It is said that in ancient times, there was a man named Lei Gong, who was proficient in medicine. He was a famous doctor and was appointed as a "witch", that is, a medical officer, who was in charge of the world's witch doctors. He also discussed medical theory with Huangdi.

Among the descendants of Lei Gong, there are those who continue the surname of their ancestors, that is, the Lei family, which has been handed down from generation to generation, is one of the very ancient surnames.

It originated from the change of surname in other ethnic groups and belongs to the change of surname to surname in Chinese.

(1) it comes from shushanman of Nanjun in the Eastern Han Dynasty. According to the historical records in the textual research on surnames, in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and the Wei, Jin, northern and Southern Dynasties, Shu shanman changed his surname to Lei. The chief of the alliance was unanimously called "Lei Qian", which means leader. In the 23rd year of Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu's Jianwu reign (A.D. 47), Shu mountain sprang up, but on the contrary, it was suppressed by Liu Shang, the general of Wuwei. Later, more than 7000 of his people were moved to Mianyang (now Beijiang Xia). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Shu shanman lived widely in Jingzhou, Anlu, Hanyang, Wuchang, Huangzhou, De'an, Shinan prefectures in Hubei Province, and in the south of Xiangyang Prefecture, that is, in Nanjun Prefecture of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Most of his people took the official name of the leader as their surname, the Lei family.

(2) from the di nationality, from the Lei tribe of the di nationality in the pre Qin period of the Sixteen States. It belongs to Chinese surname. According to the historical records of "a study of surnames", in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and the Wei, Jin, northern and Southern Dynasties, nananqiang changed their surname to Lei. Lei is the name of a tribe of Di nationality in the Wei, Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties. It was nomadic in Qinghai and Gansu in the early days. Later, it took Bu as its surname and was called Lei in Chinese.

(3) it comes from the Mongolian nationality and belongs to the Han nationality. It originated from the performer of "Hulei". Hulei is a transliteration of Mongolian "HuR". In the Gongyan music of Yuan Dynasty, Hulei was also the main musical instrument. It is recorded in the historical records of rites and music in the history of the Yuan Dynasty: "the system of huqin is like fire without thinking. It has a curled neck, a dragon head and three strings. It turns with a bow, and the string of the bow is with a horsetail." The so-called "huqin" is Hulei. Later, the performer of Hulei was called the Hulei family. Among the descendants of the later generations, there was a Han surnamed one.

(4) it originated from the Manchu nationality and belongs to the Han nationality. According to historical records such as Jin history and Qing Dynasty general annals, clan strategy and eight banners surname of Manchuria, there was a Dian tribe of Nuzhen in the west of the sea in the Jin Dynasty. The tribe took the tribe as its surname and called the Dian family. The Manchu language was akjan Hala, which means "Lei" in the Han Dynasty. It lived in hada (Xiaoqing River Valley in Xifeng, Liaoning Province today) and Yehe (Lishu, Jilin Province today),. Later, in the early Ming Dynasty, because Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, strictly banned the Hu surname, the Aden surname was changed to the Lei surname and the Zhan surname.

(5) today, Zhuang, Miao, Yi, Yao, Shui, Achang, she, Qiang, Tujia, Mongolia, Hui and other nationalities all change their Han surname to Lei.

The ancestor of the surname de

Fang Lei. The ninth generation of Emperor Yan's Shennong was named Lei. The Yellow Emperor praised him for his merits. Lei was granted the title of Fangshan (today's Yuzhou City, Henan Province). His family name is fanglei, one of the ancient vassal states. The descendants of fanglei have the surname of Lei, which takes the state as their surname. They respect Fang Lei as the ancestor of the surname Lei.

Ancestor of each branch

Lei Denggao: a native of Jishui County, Jiangxi Province, with six sons, moved to Liangshan, Wuling in the Ming Dynasty.

Migration communication

Lei's family name is a long history, multi-ethnic and multi-source family name. It ranks No.78 in the list of surnames. It belongs to the big family name series, with a population of about 3.72 million, accounting for about 0.23% of the total population of the country.

In the pre Qin period, the activity of Lei family was limited to Henan, but it was not active all the time, and there were few records in historical books.

Until the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Lei family moved eastward to Anhui and Jiangxi, and began to develop in the East, forming a famous Lei family in Yuzhang. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, the Lei family continued to develop in the northwest, and the migration to the South and Southeast became the mainstream. In the Ming Dynasty, the focus of the Lei family moved to the South and Southeast, and the Lei family existed in all parts of the south, especially in Jiangxi and Fujian.

Before Jin Dynasty, Leishi had been distributed in Jiangxi, Anhui, Sichuan, Hubei and other provinces in the south. The descendants of Lei Huan, a native of Yuzhang (now Nanchang, Jiangxi Province) in the Western Jin Dynasty, are still widely distributed in Fengcheng, Nanchang, Ji'an and Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province. One branch moved to Feng Yi (now Dali, Shaanxi Province), and later developed into a famous family. From the northern and Southern Dynasties to the Five Dynasties, Lei's settlement developed in both the north and the south, and spread to some areas of Inner Mongolia, Hunan, Guangdong and other provinces. In the Song Dynasty, the Lei family was more widely distributed. Today, Lei people live in Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Shanxi and other provinces. Lei is one of the most important surnames of the Han nationality.

population distribution

In the Song Dynasty, there were about 170000 people with Lei's surname, accounting for 0.17% of the national population, ranking 77th. At that time, Shaanxi was the largest province with Lei family name, accounting for 53% of the total population with Lei family name. The distribution of Lei's family name in China is mainly concentrated in Shaanxi and Gansu, which account for about 68% of the total population of Lei's family name in China, followed by Jiangxi, Sichuan, Henan, Guangxi, Hubei and Fujian. The Lei's family name in six provinces accounts for 29% of the total population of Lei's family name. Shaanxi, Gansu and Jiangxi have formed two gathering places of Lei surnames.

During the Ming Dynasty, there were about 150000 people with Lei family name, accounting for about 0.15% of the national population. The annual net growth rate of the national population was 20%, and the growth rate of the population with Lei family name was negative. Mian should be the main group of people in the north. The Lei surname has been active in the north. Naturally, the distribution of Lei surnames is mainly concentrated in Jiangxi, Hunan and Fujian, accounting for about 45% in these three provinces, followed by Sichuan, Hubei and Shaanxi, and 27% in these four provinces. Jiangxi is the largest province of Lei, accounting for 30% of the total population of Lei. During the song, yuan and Ming Dynasties, the population of Lei family mainly moved from north to Southeast and from northwest to south. In the whole country, two large gathering places of Lei family have been formed again, namely, Southeast Jiangxi, Hunan and Fujian, Northwest Shanxi, Shaanxi and Sichuan, and the population center of Lei family has moved from northwest to Southeast.

At present, the population of Lei has reached more than 3 million, which is the 78th surname in China, accounting for about 0.25% of the total population. In the 600 years since Ming Dynasty, the population of Lei family has increased from 150000 to more than 3 million, an increase of 20 times. In the 1000 years since the Song Dynasty, the growth rate of Lei's population is V-shaped. In the whole country, the distribution is mainly concentrated in Sichuan, Hunan and Shaanxi, accounting for about 40% of the total Lei population, followed by Hubei, Guizhou, Henan, Fujian and Guangxi, where 30% of the Lei population is concentrated. Sichuan is the largest province with Lei family name in contemporary times, and it occupies 16% of the total population with Lei family name. In the past 600 years, the main population of Lei family moved from southeast to northwest and West, and the population center of Lei family moved from southeast to west. The country has formed three gathering areas of Lei surnames, namely, northwest Shaanxi, Western Sichuan, Hubei, Guizhou and Hunan, and southern Fujian. The distribution frequency of Lei's surname in the population shows that: in Shaanxi and Chongqing, Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi, Eastern Yunchuan, Eastern Gansu, Western Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong and Henan, most of Hubei, Jiangxi and Guangdong, southern Zhejiang, Northern Fujian and southwest Xinjiang, the proportion of Lei's surname in the local population is generally more than 0.42%, the central area is more than 1-6%, the coverage area accounts for about 21.7% of the total area of the country, and 56% of Lei's surnames live crowd. In Central Yunnan, central Sichuan, most of Gansu, Ningxia, Eastern Qinghai, central Inner Mongolia, Eastern Liaoning, northern Jilin, Central Shanxi, Western Heilongjiang, Southern Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu, northeastern Hubei, northern Jiangxi, central Zhejiang, Western Fujian, Eastern and southern Guangdong, Northern Guangxi, Northern Taiwan and northwestern Xinjiang, the proportion of Lei family name in local population is generally 0.28% - 0.25% It covers about 18.8% of the country's total area and lives in about 20% of the Lei people.

Surname culture

County Hall

Yuzhang County: Yuzhang county was set up in Han Dynasty, which governed Nanchang (now the capital of Jiangxi Province), and its jurisdiction was roughly the same as that of Jiangxi Province. Later, Zhejiang Province was reduced to the area near Nanchang. In Sui Dynasty, Nanchang County was changed into Yuzhang county. In the late Tang Dynasty, it was changed into Zhongling county and Nanchang. Leihuan in the Western Jin Dynasty was the order of Fengcheng in Yuzhang county. Now he lives in Fengcheng, Nanchang, Ji'an, Ganzhou and so on. All his family names are descendants of leihuan, and his genealogy is Lei Huan I

Chinese PinYin : Lei Shi